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2016 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

1. Synchrotron X-Ray Phase Nanotomography for Bone Tissue Characterization

Authors : Peter Varga, Loriane Weber, Bernhard Hesse, Max Langer

Published in: X-ray and Neutron Techniques for Nanomaterials Characterization

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Abstract

X-ray phase nano-tomography allows the characterisation of bone ultrastructure: the lacuno-canalicular network, nanoscale mineralisation and the collagen orientation. In this chapter, we review the different X-ray imaging techniques capable of imaging the bone ultrastructure and then describe the work that has been done so far in nanoscale bone tissue characterisation using X-ray phase nano-tomography.
X-ray computed tomography at the micrometric scale is more and more considered as the reference technique in imaging of bone microstructure. The trend has been to push towards higher and higher resolution. Due to the difficulty of realising optics in the hard X-ray regime, the magnification has mainly been due to the use of visible light optics and indirect detection of the X-rays, which limits the attainable resolution with respect to the wavelength of the visible light used in detection. Recent developments in X-ray optics and instrumentation have allowed the implementation of several types of methods that achieve imaging limited in resolution by the X-ray wavelength, thus enabling computed tomography at the nanoscale. We review here the X-ray techniques with 3D imaging capability at the nanoscale: transmission X-ray microscopy, ptychography and in-line holography. Then, we present the experimental methodology for the in-line phase tomography, both at the instrumentation level and the physics behind this imaging technique. Further, we review the different ultrastructural features of bone that have so far been resolved and the applications that have been reported: imaging of the lacuno-canalicular network, direct analysis of collagen orientation, analysis of mineralisation on the nanoscale and the use of 3D images at the nanoscale as the basis of mechanical analyses. Finally, we discuss the issue of going beyond qualitative description to quantification of ultrastructural features.

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next chapter 3D Chemical Imaging of Nanoscale Biological, Environmental, and Synthetic Materials by Soft X-Ray STXM Spectrotomography
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Metadata
Title
Synchrotron X-Ray Phase Nanotomography for Bone Tissue Characterization
Authors
Peter Varga
Loriane Weber
Bernhard Hesse
Max Langer
Copyright Year
2016
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Book
X-ray and Neutron Techniques for Nanomaterials Characterization

Print ISBN: 978-3-662-48604-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-662-48606-1

Copyright Year: 2016

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48606-1_1

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