Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B
Published in: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 4/2018

04-06-2018

Transient Evolution of Nonmetallic Inclusions During Calcium Treatment of Molten Steel

Authors: Lifeng Zhang, Yang Liu, Ying Zhang, Wen Yang, Wei Chen

Published in: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B | Issue 4/2018

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The transient evolution of nonmetallic inclusions after calcium addition in pipeline steels was investigated with a vacuum induction furnace. Samples were taken at 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes after calcium treatment in both MgO and Al2O3 crucibles. It was found that the total oxygen and the number density of inclusions were increased during calcium modification, while they were dropped to a low level in the last tapped sample. Due to the evaporation of calcium, inclusions were transferred from CaO-CaS to Al2O3-CaO-CaS, and then to Al2O3-CaO. The decomposition of CaS was highly dependent on the decrease of the total calcium and the increase of the total oxygen in the steel. Thermodynamic calculation was performed to predict the composition of inclusions considering the effect of the total oxygen and the total calcium and was validated by measurement. The relationship between the content of Al2O3 in inclusions and the ratio of the total calcium and the total oxygen in steels was measured and compared with the calculated one using thermodynamic software Factsage 7.0. The mass-transfer coefficient of the dissolved calcium in the steel was estimated in the range of 2.35 × 10−4 to 3.53 × 10−4 m/s.
previous article Improving the Desulfurization Degree of High-Grade Nickel Matte via a Two-Step Oxidation Roasting Process
next article Interactions of Alumina-Based and Magnesia-Based Refractories with Iron Melts and Slags: A Review

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
Footnotes
1
LECO is a trademark of LECO Corporation, St. Joseph, MI.
 
Literature
1.
2.
2. G.M. Faulring, J.W. Farrell, and D.C. Hilty: Iron Steelmaker, 1980, vol. 7, pp. 14–20.
3.
3. J. Lamut, J. Falkus, B. Jurjevec, and M. Knap: Arch. Metall. Mater., 2012, vol. 57, pp. 319–24.CrossRef
4.
4. N. Bannenberg: Steelmaking Conf. Proc., 1995, vol. 78, pp. 457–63.
5.
5. R. Inoue and S. Hideaki: Iron Steel Inst. Publ., 1994, vol. 65, pp. 403–09.
6.
6. R.V. Vainala, L.E.K. Holappa, and P.H.J. Karvonen: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 1995, vol. 53, pp. 453–65.CrossRef
7.
8.
8. T. Shiraiwa and N. Fujino: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 1971, vol. 57, pp. 1990–2009.CrossRef
9.
9. D.Z. Lu, G.A. Irons, and W.K. Lu: Ironmak. Steelmak., 1994, vol. 21, pp. 362–71.
10.
10. H. Ohta and H. Suito: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 1997, vol. 28B, pp. 1131–39.CrossRef
11.
12.
12. H.M. Pielet and D. Bhattacharya: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 1984, vol. 15B, pp. 547–62.CrossRef
13.
13. A. Koyanagi, T. Sakajo, and T. Karasudani: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 1971, vol. 57, pp. 2128–40.CrossRef
14.
14. T. Kusakawa, Y. Watanabe, H. Okumura, and T. Takebe: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 1974, vol. 60, pp. 45–57.CrossRef
15.
15. T. Ototani, Y. Kataura, and T. Degawa: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 1975, vol. 61, pp. 2167–81.CrossRef
16.
16. T. Ikeda, N. Fujino, and H. Ichihashi: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 1980, vol. 66, pp. 2040–49.CrossRef
17.
17. K. Larsen and R.J. Fruehan: ISS Trans., 1991, vol. 12, pp. 125–32.
18.
18. V. Presern, B. Korousic, and J.W. Hastie: Steel Res. Int., 1991, vol. 62, pp. 289–95.CrossRef
19.
19. G. Ye, P. Jonsson, and T. Lund: ISIJ Int., 1996, vol. 36, pp. S105–S108.CrossRef
20.
20. Y. Kusano, Y. Kawauchi, M. Wajima, K. Sugawara, M. Yoshida, and H. Hayashi: ISIJ Int., 1996, vol. 36, pp. S77–S80.CrossRef
21.
21. C.E. Cicutti, J. Madias, and J.C. Gonzalez: Ironmak. Steelmak., 1997, vol. 24, pp. 155–59.
22.
22. K. Mizuno, H. Todoroki, M. Noda, and T. Tohge: Iron Steelmaker, 2001, vol. 28, pp. 93–101.
23.
23. P. Rozanski and J. Paduch: Arch. Metall., 2003, vol. 48, pp. 285–307.
24.
24. L. Holappa, M. Hamalainen, M. Liukkonen, and M. Lind: Ironmak. Steelmak., 2003, vol. 30, pp. 111–15.CrossRef
25.
25. J.H. Park, S.B. Lee, and D.S. Kim: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2005, vol. 36B, pp. 67–73.CrossRef
26.
26. N. Verma, P.C. Pistorius, R.J. Fruehan, M.S. Potter, H.G. Oltmann, and E.B. Pretorius: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2012, vol. 43B, pp. 830–40.CrossRef
27.
27. N. Verma, P.C. Pistorius, R.J. Fruehan, M. Potter, M. Lind, and S. Story: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2011, vol. 42B, pp. 711–19.CrossRef
28.
28. N. Verma, P.C. Pistorius, R.J. Fruehan et al.: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2011, vol. 42B, pp. 720–29.CrossRef
29.
29. M. Numata and Y. Higuchi: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 2011, vol. 97, pp. 259–65.CrossRef
30.
31.
32.
32. S. Yang, L. Zhang, J. Li, and K. Peaslee: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2012, vol. 43B, pp. 731–50.CrossRef
33.
33. W. Yang, H. Duan, L. Zhang, and Y. Ren: JOM, 2013, vol. 65, pp. 1173–80.CrossRef
34.
34. J. Guo, S. Cheng, Z. Cheng, and L. Xin: Steel Res. Int., 2013, vol. 84, pp. 545–53.CrossRef
35.
36.
37.
37. G. Yang, X. Wang, F. Huang, P. Wei, and X. Hao: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2015, vol. 46B, pp. 145–54.CrossRef
38.
38. D. Zhao, H. Li, C. Bao, and J. Yang: ISIJ Int., 2015, vol. 55, pp. 2115–24.CrossRef
39.
39. W.V. Bielefeldt and A.C.F. Vilela: Steel Res. Int., 2015, vol. 86, pp. 375–85.CrossRef
40.
40. W.V. Bielefelds, A.C.F. Vilela, C.A.M. Moraes, and P.C. Fernandes: Steel Res. Int., 2007, vol. 78, pp. 857–62.CrossRef
41.
Y. Watanabe and T. Kusakawa: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 1967, vol. 53.
42.
42. Y. Higuchi, M. Numata, S. Fukagawa, and K. Shinme: ISIJ Int., 1996, vol. 36, pp. S151–S154.CrossRef
43.
43. Y.I. Ito, M. Suda, Y. Kato, H. Nakato, and K.I. Sorimachi: ISIJ Int., 1996, vol. 36, pp. S148–S150.CrossRef
44.
44. M. Numata, Y. Higuchi, and S. Fukagawa: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 1998, vol. 84, pp. 159–64.CrossRef
45.
45. Y. Ito, S. Nara, Y. Kato, and M. Suda: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 2007, vol. 93, pp. 355–61.CrossRef
46.
46. M. Lind and L. Holappa: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2010, vol. 41B, pp. 359–66.CrossRef
47.
47. W. Yang, L. Zhang, X. Wang, Y. Ren, X. Liu, and Q. Shan: ISIJ Int., 2013, vol. 53, pp. 1401–10.CrossRef
48.
48. N. Yuge, K. Hanazawa, K. Nishikawa, and H. Terashima: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 1997, vol. 61, pp. 1086–93.
49.
49. W. Dong, X. Peng, D. Jiang, Y. Tan, Q. Wang, and G. Li: Mater. Sci. Forum, 2011, vol. 675, pp. 41–44.CrossRef
50.
51.
51. Y. Jian, K. Okumura, M. Kuwabara, and M. Sana: ISIJ Int., 2002, vol. 42, pp. 685–93.CrossRef
52.
52. G.A. Irons and R.I.L. Guthrie: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 1981, vol. 12B, pp. 755–67.CrossRef
53.
53. M. Hino, S.B. Wang, T. Nagasaka, and S. Banya: ISIJ Int., 1994, vol. 34, pp. 491–97.CrossRef
54.
54. O. Volkova, H.-P. Heller, and D. Janke: ISIJ Int., 2003, vol. 43, pp. 1724–32.CrossRef
55.
55. H. Matsuura, C. Wang, G. Wen, and S. Sridhar: ISIJ Int., 2007, vol. 47, pp. 1265–74.CrossRef
56.
56. M.A. Van Ende, M. Guo, R. Dekkers, M. Burty, J. Van Dyck, P.T. Jones, B. Blanpain, and P. Wollants: ISIJ Int., 2009, vol. 49, pp. 1133–40.CrossRef
57.
57. C. Wang, N.T. Nuhfer, and S. Sridhar: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2009, vol. 40B, pp. 1022–34.CrossRef
58.
58. C. Wang, N.T. Nuhfer, and S. Sridhar: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2009, vol. 40B, pp. 1005–21.CrossRef
59.
59. C. Wang, N. Verma, Y. Kwon, W. Tiekink, N. Kikuchi, and S. Sridhar: ISIJ Int., 2011, vol. 51, pp. 375–81.CrossRef
60.
60. D. Yang, M. Jiang, S. Lei, X. Wang, and W. Wang: J. Iron Steel Res. Int., 2014, vol. 26, pp. 12–15.CrossRef
61.
61. J. Yang, Y. Wang, X. Ruan, R. Wang, K. Zhu, Z. Fan, Y. Wang, C. Li, and X. Jiang: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2015, vol. 46B, pp. 1365–75.CrossRef
62.
62. Y. Kwon, J. Choi, and S. Sridhar: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2011, vol. 42B, pp. 814–24.CrossRef
63.
63. H. Goto, M. Ken-Ichi, and K. Tanaka: ISIJ Int., 1995, vol. 35, pp. 286–91.CrossRef
64.
64. S. Wang, L. Zhang, Y. Tian, Y. Li, and H. Ling: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2014, vol. 45B, pp. 1915–35.CrossRef
65.
65. B.G. Thomas, Q. Yuan, S. Mahmood, R. Liu, and R. Chaudhary: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2014, vol. 45B, pp. 22–35.CrossRef
66.
66. Y. Luo, A. Conejo, L. Zhang, L. Chen, and L. Cheng: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2015, vol. 46B, pp. 2348–60.CrossRef
67.
67. H. Goto, K.-I. Miyazawa, W. Yamada, and K. Tanaka: ISIJ Int., 1995, vol. 35, pp. 708–14.CrossRef
68.
68. H. Goto, K.-I. Miyazawa, K.-I. Yamaguchi, S. Ogibayashi, and K. Tanaka: ISIJ Int., 1994, vol. 34, pp. 414–19.CrossRef
69.
69. N. Verma, M. Lind, P. Pistorius, R. Fruehan, and M. Potter: Iron Steel Technol., 2010, vol. 7, pp. 189–97.
70.
70. L.E. Rohde, A. Choudhury, and M. Wahlster: Arch Eisenhuttenwes., 1971, vol. 42, pp. 165–74.
71.
71. J. Xu, F. Huang, and X. Wang: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2016, vol. 47B, pp. 1217–27.CrossRef
72.
72. Y.T. Guo, S.P. He, G.J. Chen, and Q. Wang: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2016, vol. 47B, pp. 2549–57.CrossRef
73.
73. G. Xu, Z. Jiang, and Y. Li: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2016, vol. 47B, pp. 2411–20.CrossRef
74.
E.M. Williams, R.W. McCarthy, S.A. Levy, and G.K. Sigworth: Essen. Read. Light Met., 2000, pp. 71–79.
Metadata
Title
Transient Evolution of Nonmetallic Inclusions During Calcium Treatment of Molten Steel
Authors
Lifeng Zhang
Yang Liu
Ying Zhang
Wen Yang
Wei Chen
Publication date
04-06-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B / Issue 4/2018
Print ISSN: 1073-5615
Electronic ISSN: 1543-1916
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-018-1289-5

Other articles of this Issue 4/2018

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 4/2018 Go to the issue

OriginalPaper

Phase Equilibria in the ZnO-“FeO”-SiO2 System in Reducing Atmosphere and in the ZnO-“FeO”-SiO2-“Cu2O” System in Equilibrium with Liquid Copper Metal at 1250 °C (1523 K)

OriginalPaper

Effects of Reoxidation of Liquid Steel and Slag Composition on the Chemistry Evolution of Inclusions During Electroslag Remelting

OriginalPaper

Interactions of Alumina-Based and Magnesia-Based Refractories with Iron Melts and Slags: A Review

OriginalPaper

Dephosphorization of Levitated Silicon-Iron Droplets for Production of Solar-Grade Silicon

OriginalPaper

On the Alternate Stirring Mode of F-EMS for Bloom Continuous Castings

OriginalPaper

Effect of Shrouding Gas Temperature on Characteristics of a Supersonic Jet Flow Field with a Shrouding Laval Nozzle Structure

Premium Partners

    Image Credits