Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Journal of Materials Science
Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Science 17/2016

20.05.2016 | Original Paper

A comparative study of structural and dielectric properties of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) cured with aromatic or aliphatic hardeners

verfasst von: Wissal Jilani, Nissaf Mzabi, Najla Fourati, Chouki Zerrouki, Olivier Gallot-Lavallée, Rachida Zerrouki, Hajer Guermazi

Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Science | Ausgabe 17/2016

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This study aims to present structural and dielectric comparisons between two epoxy polymers. These polymers are realized by curing diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) resin with either aliphatic 1,3-diaminopropane (PDA) or aromatic 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) hardeners. They are called DGEBA/PDA and DGEBA/DDS. Several complementary techniques have been used in the present study. The structural analysis was performed using grazing incidence X-ray reflectometry. It reveals the presence of a locally ordered nanostructure in the DGEBA/DDS polymer and an amorphous character for the DGEBA/PDA one. Dielectric characterization was carried by means of dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS), thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) and time domain spectroscopy (TDS). DRS measurements performed over wide ranges of temperature (−80 to 160 °C) and frequency (10−1–106 Hz) showed the presence of dipolar γ and α relaxations in both polymers. Nevertheless, the interfacial Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars (MWS) relaxation appeared only in DGEBA/DDS. This can be related to the local nanostructure within this polymer, which can give rise to interfaces. Relaxation parameters were deduced from the best fits of experimental data with the Havriliak–Negami model. The calculated fragility index indicates that DGEBA/DDS is more fragile than DGEBA/PDA. The loss factor ε′′(f) was calculated from the isothermal discharging current measurements, using Hamon approximation. Thanks to this ε′′ calculation an interfacial relaxation was revealed in the frequency range of 10−3–10−1 Hz for each investigated polymer.
Vorheriger Artikel Preparation and characterization of hybrid aerogels from novolac and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene
Nächster Artikel Study on the dual-curing mechanism of epoxy/allyl compound/sulfur system

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Literatur
1.
Jagadeech KS, Rao JG, Shashikiran K, Suvarna S, Ambekar SY, Saletori M, Biswas C, Rajanna AV (2000) Cure kinetics of multifunctional epoxies with 2,2′-dichloro-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane as hardener. J Appl Polym Sci 77:2097–2103CrossRef
2.
Roçu D, Casa CN, Mustata F, Ciobanu C (2002) Cure kinetics of epoxy resins studied by non-isothermal DSC data. Thermochim Acta 383:119–127CrossRef
3.
Rosu D, Mustata F, Cascavla CN (2001) Investigation of the curing reactions of some multifunctional epoxy resins using differential scanning calorimetry. Thermochim Acta 370:105–110CrossRef
4.
Dusek K, Dave R, Dudukovic MP, Furukawa H, Kamon T, Kardos JL, Kong ESW, Oleinik EF, Senturia SD, Sheppard NF Jr (1986) Curing mechanisms and mechanical properties of cured epoxy resins. In: Epoxy resins and composites IV. Advances in polymer science. Springer, New York, pp 173–199
5.
Kornmann X, Lindberg H, Berglund LA (2001) Synthesis of epoxy–clay nanocomposites. Influence of the nature of the curing agent on structure. Polymer 42:4493–4499CrossRef
6.
Liu W, Qiu Q, Wang J, Huo Z, Sun H (2008) Curing kinetics and properties of epoxy resin–fluorenyl diamine systems. Polymer 49:4399–4405CrossRef
7.
Yang G, Fu SY, Yang JP (2007) Preparation and mechanical properties of modified epoxy resins with flexible diamines. Polymer 48:302–310CrossRef
8.
Alig I, Johari GP (1993) Relaxations in thermosets. XIX. Dielectric effects during curing of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A with a catalyst and the properties of the thermoset. J Polym Sci Pol Phys 31:299–311CrossRef
9.
Mancion MBM, Wanc M, Johari CP (1992) Relaxations in thermosets. XII. Dielectric effects during curing of nonstoichiometric DGEBA-based thermosets. J Polym Sci Pol Phys 30:433–443CrossRef
10.
Casalini R, Livi A, Rolla PA, Levita G, Fioretto D (1996) Self-similarity of dielectric relaxation and conductivity in cross-linking systems. Phy Rev B 53:564–568CrossRef
11.
Zong L, Zhou S, Sun R, Kempel LC, Hawley MC (2004) Dielectric analysis of a crosslinking. Epoxy resin at a high microwave frequency. J Polym Sci Pol Phys 42:2871–2877CrossRef
12.
Ivanova KI, Pethrick RA, Affrossman S (2002) Hygrothermal aging of rubber-modified and mineral-filled dicyandiamide-cured DGEBA epoxy resin. III. Dielectric spectroscopy investigation. J Appl Polym Sci 84:1011–1024CrossRef
13.
Butta E, Livi A, Levita C, Rolla PA (1995) Dielectric analysis of an epoxy resin during cross-linking. J Polym Sci Pol Phys 33:2253–2261CrossRef
14.
Sanjay S (2011) A comparative study of bisphenol-A, hydantoin and cyanuric acid based epoxy resins using XRD. Mater Sci Appl 2:1516–1519
15.
Ratna D, Becker O, Krishnamurthy R, Simon GP, Varley RJ (2003) Nanocomposites based on a combination of epoxy resin, hyperbranched epoxy and a layered silicate. Polymer 44:7449–7457CrossRef
16.
Bai SJ (1985) Crosslink distribution of epoxy networks studied by small-angle neutron scattering. Polymer 26:1053–1057CrossRef
17.
Dean KM, Cook WD, Lin MY (2006) Small angle neutron scattering and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis of dimethacrylate/epoxy IPNs. Eur Polym J 42:2872–2887CrossRef
18.
Medhioub H, Zerrouki C, Fourati N, Smaoui H, Guermazi H, Bonnet JJ (2007) Towards a structural characterization of an epoxy based polymer using small-angle x-ray scattering. J Appl Phys 101:043509-1-6CrossRef
19.
Ingerle D, Meirer F, Pepponi G, Demenev E, Giubertoni D, Wobrauschek P, Streli C (2014) Combined evaluation of grazing incidence X-ray fluorescence and X-ray reflectivity data for improved profiling of ultra-shallow depth distributions. Spectrochim Acta Part B 99:121–128CrossRef
20.
Psarras GC, Sofos GA, Vradis A, Anastassopoulos DL, Georga SN, Krontiras CA, Karger-Kocsis J (2014) HNBR and its MWCNT reinforced nanocomposites: crystalline morphology and electrical response. Eur Polym J 54:190–199CrossRef
21.
Canadas JC, Diego JA, Mudarra M, Belana J, Dıaz-Calleja R, Sanchis MJ, Jaimes C (1999) Relaxational study of poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate) by t.s.d.c., d.e.a. and d.m.a. Polymer 40:1181–1190CrossRef
22.
Mudarra M, Belana J, Canadas JC, Diego JA (1999) Windowing polarization: considerations for the study of the space charge relaxation in poly(methyl methacrylate) by thermally stimulated depolarization currents. Polymer 40:2659–2665CrossRef
23.
Namouchi F, Smaoui H, Guermazi H, Zerrouki C, Fourati N, Agnel S, Toureille A, Bonnet JJ (2007) Study of thermal aging effect on space charge in poly(methyl methacrylate). Eur Polym J 43:4821–4829CrossRef
24.
Gupta AK, Bajpai R, Keller JM (2011) Transient charging and discharging current study in pure PVF and PVF/PVDF fluoro polyblends for application in microelectronics. Bull Mater Sci 34:105–112CrossRef
25.
Zong L, Zhou S, Sun R, Kempel LC, Hawley MC (2004) Dielectric analysis of a crosslinking epoxy resin at a high microwave frequency. J Polym Sci, Part B: Polym Phys 42:2871–2877CrossRef
26.
Raja V, Sharma AK, Narasimha Rao VVR (2004) Impedance spectroscopic and dielectric analysis of PMMA-CO-P4VPNO polymer films. Mater Lett 58:3242–3247CrossRef
27.
Kontos GA, Soulintzis AL, Karahaliou PK, Psarras GC, Georga SN, Krontiras CA, Pisanias MN (2007) Electrical relaxation dynamics in TiO2–polymer matrix composites, express. Polym Lett 1:781–789CrossRef
28.
Soulintzis A, Kontos G, Karahaliou P, Psarras GC, Georga SN, Krontiras CA (2009) Dielectric relaxation processes in epoxy resin–ZnO composites. J Polym Sci, Part B: Polym Phys 47:445–454CrossRef
29.
Pangrle S, Wu CS, Geil PH (1989) Low temperature relaxation of DGEBA epoxy resins: a thermally stimulated discharge current (TSDC) study. Polym Compos 10:173CrossRef
30.
Pogany GA (1970) Gamma relaxation in epoxy resins and related polymers. Polymer 11:66–78CrossRef
31.
Arridge RGC, Speake JH (1972) Mechanical relaxation studies of the cure of epoxy resins: 2. Activation energy of the γ-process in amine-cured epoxy resins. Polymer 13:450–454CrossRef
32.
Hammami H, Arous M, Lagache M, Kallel A (2007) Study of the interfacial MWS relaxation by dielectric spectroscopy in unidirectional PZT fibres/epoxy resin composites. J Alloys Compd 430:1–8CrossRef
33.
Serrano E, Kortaberria G, Arruti P, Tercjak A, Mondragon I (2009) Molecular dynamics of an epoxy resin modified with an epoxidized poly(styrene–butadiene) linear block copolymer during cure and microphase separation processes. Eur Polym J 45:1046–1057CrossRef
34.
Babayevsky PG, Gillham JK (1973) Epoxy thermosetting systems: dynamic mechanical analysis of the reactions of aromatic diamines with the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A. J Appl Polym Sci 17:2067–2088CrossRef
35.
Jilani W, Mzabi N, Gallot-Lavallée O, Fourati N, Zerrouki C, Zerrouki R, Guermazi H (2015) Dielectric relaxations investigation of a synthesized epoxy resin polymer. Eur Phys J Plus 130:76CrossRef
36.
Smaoui H, Arous M, Guermazi H, Agnel S, Toureille A (2010) Study of relaxations in epoxy polymer by thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). J Alloys Compd 489:429–436CrossRef
37.
Tsangaris GM, Psarras GC, Kouloumbi N (1998) Electric modulus and interfacial polarization in composite polymeric systems. J Mater Sci 33:2027–2037CrossRef
38.
Soulintzis A, Kontos G, Karahaliou P, Psarras GC, Georga SN, Krontiras CA (2009) Dielectric relaxation processes in epoxy resin–ZnO composites. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47:445–454CrossRef
39.
40.
Bureau E, Cabot C, Marias S, Saiter JM (2005) Study of the α-relaxation of PVC, EVA and 50/50 EVA70/PVC blend. Eur Polym J 41:1152–1158CrossRef
41.
Angell CA, Ngai KL, Wright GB (eds) (1984) Relaxations in complex systems. US Department of Commerce, Springfield, p 3
42.
Chebli K, Saiter JM, Grenet J, Hamou A, Saffarini G (2001) Strong-fragile glass forming liquid concept applied to GeTe chalcogenide glasses. Phys B 304:228–236CrossRef
43.
44.
Bohmer R, Angell CA (1994) In: Richert R (ed) Disorder effects on relaxational processes. Springer, Berlin
45.
Rossler E, Sokolov AP (1996) The dynamics of strong and fragile glass formers. Chem Geol 143:128
46.
Pistor V, Ornaghi FG, Ornaghi HL, Zattera AJ (2012) Dynamic mechanical characterization of epoxy/epoxycyclohexyl–POSS nanocomposites. Mater Sci Eng A 532:339–345CrossRef
47.
Mudarra M, Belana J, Canadas JC, Diego JA (1999) Windowing polarization: considerations for the study of the space charge relaxation in poly(methyl methacrylate) by thermally stimulated depolarization currents. Polymer 40:2659–2665CrossRef
48.
Solunov H, Vassilev T (1974) Thermostimulated depolarization currents and thermoelectret effects in poly(methyl methacrylate). J Polym Sci 12:1273–1282
49.
Cresswell RA, Perlman MM (1970) Thermal currents from corona charged mylar. J Appl Phys 41:2365–2375CrossRef
50.
Namouchi F, Jilani W, Guermazi H (2015) Thermally stimulated depolarization current and dielectric spectroscopy used to study dipolar relaxations and trap level distribution in PMMA polymer. J Non-Cryst Solids 427:76–82CrossRef
51.
Hdiji S, Namouchi F, Medhioub H, Guermazi H, Guermazi S, Castellon J, Agnel S, Toureille A (2010) Thermally stimulated depolarization current analysis to the determination of polarization and relaxation parameters in aged PMMA. IOP Conf. Series. Mater Sci Eng 13:012018
Metadaten
Titel
A comparative study of structural and dielectric properties of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) cured with aromatic or aliphatic hardeners
verfasst von
Wissal Jilani
Nissaf Mzabi
Najla Fourati
Chouki Zerrouki
Olivier Gallot-Lavallée
Rachida Zerrouki
Hajer Guermazi
Publikationsdatum
20.05.2016
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Materials Science / Ausgabe 17/2016
Print ISSN: 0022-2461
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-4803
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0043-0

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 17/2016

Journal of Materials Science 17/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Original Paper

Vapor–solid synthesis and enhanced thermoelectric properties of non-planar bismuth selenide nanoplates on graphene substrate

Original Paper

ZrC formation and the phase relations in the Si–Zr–Mg–O–C system

Original Paper

Carbon foam decorated with silver particles and in situ grown nanowires for effective electromagnetic interference shielding

Original Paper

Scatter in tensile properties of flax fibre bundles: influence of determination and calculation of the cross-sectional area

Review

Artificial multiferroic structures based on barium-strontium titanate

Original Paper

Spirobifluorene-cored small molecules containing four diketopyrrolopyrrole arms for solution-processed organic solar cells

Premium Partner

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen. 

    Zur Marktübersicht
    Bildnachweise