A Multidimensional Analysis of Smart Energy Systems: Towards Developing a Common Framework for Assessing the Sustainability of Small-Scale Renewables in Selected Societal Sectors

The UK power sector is migrating from an old centralised network of large, mainly fossil-fuel-based generating stations towards a more dynamic energy ecosystem with new entrants generating and actively managing their consumption. This is occurring at a time when electricity system participants are searching for solutions to tackle three criticalities known as the “energy trilemma”: de-carbonising, securing long-term supply resilience and affordability. The wider context is that energy is a fundamental part of UK society. The inability to access clean, reliable sources of affordable energy is a barrier to securing development which is sustainable. However, there is limited published research which takes a comprehensive approach to assessing whether the impact of changes to the UK power system are contributing to sustainable development. This research is therefore focused on an evaluation of sustainability through the investment decisions of stakeholders in respect of solar photovoltaics (solar PV) and other Distributed Energy Resources, in the UK context. This research considers the “sustainability impact” within three sectors: the public, private and third sectors. Relevant metrics and benchmarks will be considered against the UN Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) whilst also exploring the “real” value to society.