nach oben

Erschienen in:

2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. Activated Carbon from Different Waste Materials for the Removal of Toxic Metals

verfasst von : Soodamani Periyasamy, Ilango Aswin Kumar, Natrayasamy Viswanathan

Erschienen in: Green Materials for Wastewater Treatment

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Heavy metal enters into the ecosystem from natural and anthropogenic sources. Heavy metals are toxic which leads to various types of diseases in the living organisms. Hence, the removal of heavy metals from water is very essential to minimize the toxic effects of heavy metals. This chapter explains the sources, toxic effects and treatment methods of various heavy metals. Adsorption technique seems to be the best technique for heavy metal remediation. Activated carbon (AC) is the promising adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal from water. Hence, this chapter mainly focused on AC derived from different wastes like agriculture wastes, biological wastes, fruit wastes, vegetable wastes, plastic wastes and electronic waste (e-waste) materials for heavy metal removal. Various adsorption influencing conditions which were optimized for heavy metal removal are discussed in detail. A possible mechanism for heavy metal removal is also given. A comparison of heavy metal adsorption capacity of AC derived from various waste materials is discussed in detail.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Green Nanotechnology for the Environment and Sustainable Development

Nächstes Kapitel Bioremediation of Toxic Heavy Metals Using Marine Algae Biomass

Abia AA, Horsfall M Jr, Didi O (2003) The use of chemically modified and unmodified cassava waste for the removal of Cd, Cu and Zn ions from aqueous solution. Bioresour Technol 90:345–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00145-7 CrossRef

Abioye AM, Ani FN (2015) Recent development in the production of activated carbon electrodes from agricultural waste biomass for supercapacitors: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 52:1282–1293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.129 CrossRef

Alloway BJ (2013) Sources of heavy metals and metalloids in soils. Environ Pollut 22:11–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4470-7-2 CrossRef

Al-Othman ZA, Inamuddin, Naushad M (2011) Determination of ion-exchange kinetic parameters for the poly-o-methoxyaniline Zr(IV) molybdate composite cation-exchanger. Chem Eng J 166:639–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.11.036 CrossRef

Alqadami AA, Naushad M, Alothman ZA, Ghfar AA (2017) Novel metal-organic framework (MOF) based composite material for the sequestration of U(VI) and Th(IV) metal ions from aqueous environment. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:36026. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b10768 CrossRef

Alslaibi TM, Abustan I, Ahmad MA, Foul AA (2013) Cadmium removal from aqueous solution using microwaved olive stone activated carbon. J Environ Chem Eng 1:589–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.06.028 CrossRef

Aswin Kumar I, Viswanathan N (2018) Development and reuse of amine-grafted chitosan hybrid beads in the retention of nitrate and phosphate. J Chem Eng Data 63(1):147–158. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.7b00751 CrossRef

Awual MR, Hasan MM, Eldesoky GE et al (2016) Facile mercury detection and removal from aqueous media involving ligand impregnated conjugate nanomaterials. Chem Eng J 290:243–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.01.038 CrossRef

Awwad NS, El-Zahhar AA, Fouda AM, Ibrahium HA (2013) Removal of heavy metal ions from ground and surface water samples using carbons derived from date pits. J Environ Chem Eng 1(3):416–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.06.006 CrossRef

Ayranci E, Duman O (2009) In-situ UV-visible spectroscopic study on the adsorption of some dyes onto activated carbon cloth. Sep Sci Technol 44(15):3735–3752. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496390903182891 CrossRef

Azimi A, Azari A, Rezakazemi M, Ansarpour M (2017) Removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters: a review. ChemBioEng Rev 4(1):37–59. https://doi.org/10.1002/cben.201600010 CrossRef

Babel S, Kurniawan TA (2003) Low-cost adsorbents for heavy metals uptake from contaminated water: a review. J Hazard Mater 97(1–3):219–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(02)00263-7 CrossRef

Brown P, Jefcoat IA, Parrish D, Gill S, Graham E (2000) Evaluation of the adsorptive capacity of peanut hull pellets for heavy metals in solution. Adv Environ Res 4(1):19–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1093-0191(00)00004-6 CrossRef

Bushra R, Naushad M, Adnan R et al (2015) Polyaniline supported nanocomposite cation exchanger: synthesis, characterization and applications for the efficient removal of Pb2+ ion from aqueous medium. J Ind Eng Chem 21:1112–1118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.05.022 CrossRef

Carolin CF, Kumar PS, Saravanan A et al (2017) Efficient techniques for the removal of toxic heavy metals from aquatic environment: a review. J Environ Chem Eng 5(3):2782–2799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.05.029 CrossRef

Chand R, Watari T, Inoue K, Torikai T, Yada M (2009) Evaluation of wheat straw and barley straw carbon for Cr(VI) adsorption. Sep Purif Technol 65:331–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2008.11.002 CrossRef

Choong CE, Ibrahim S, Yoon Y, Jang M (2018) Removal of lead and bisphenol A using magnesium silicate impregnated palm-shell waste powdered activated carbon: comparative studies on single and binary pollutant adsorption. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 148:142–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.025 CrossRef

Chun-Shui Z, Li-Ping W, Wen-bin C (2009) Removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution by agricultural by-product: peanut hull. J Hazard Mater 168:739–746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.085 CrossRef

Daud WMA, Ali WS (2004) Comparison on pore development of activated carbon produced from palm shell and coconut shell. Bioresour Technol 93(1):63–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2003.09.015 CrossRef

Demirbas E (2008) Heavy metal adsorption onto agro-based waste materials: a review. J Hazard Mater 157(2–3):220–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.024 CrossRef

Dhiman P, Naushad M, Batoo KM et al (2017) Nano FexZn1−xO as a tuneable and efficient photocatalyst for solar powered degradation of bisphenol A from aqueous environment. J Clean Prod 165:1542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.245 CrossRef

Dias JM, Alvim-Ferraz MCM, Almeida MF, Rivera-Utrilla J, Sanchez-Polo M (2007) Waste materials for activated carbon preparation and its use in aqueous-phase treatment: a review. J Environ Manag 85(4):833–846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.07.031 CrossRef

Duruibe JO, Ogwuegbu MOC, Egwurugwu JN (2007) Heavy metal pollution and human biotoxic effects. Int J Phys Sci 2(5):112–118. doi: 59CA35213127

Fatima Salgado M, Abioye AM, Junoh MM, Santos JAP, Ani FN (2018) Preparation of activated carbon from babassu endocarpunder microwave radiation by physical activation. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 105:012116. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/105/1/012116 CrossRef

Forgacs E, Cserhati T, Oros G (2004) Removal of synthetic dyes from wastewaters: a review. Environ Int 30(7):953–971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2004.02.001 CrossRef

Gil RR, Ruiz B, Lozano MS, Martin MJ, Fuente E (2014) VOCs removal by adsorption onto activated carbons from biocollagenic wastes of vegetable tanning. Chem Eng J 245:80–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.02.012 CrossRef

Godt J, Scheidi F, Grosse-Siestrup C, Esche V, Brandenburg P, Reich A, Groneberg DA (2006) The toxicity of cadmium and resulting hazards for human health. J Occup Med Toxicol 1:22. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6673-1-22 CrossRef

Gopalakannan V, Viswanathan N (2015) Development of nano-hydroxyapatite embedded gelatin biocomposite for effective chromium (VI) removal. Ind Eng Chem Res 54(50):12561–12569. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01224 CrossRef

Gopalakannan V, Periyasamy S, Viswanathan N (2018) Fabrication of magnetic particles reinforced nano-hydroxyapatite/gelatin composite for selective Cr(VI) removal from water. Environ Sci Water Res Technol 4(6):783–794. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EW00027A CrossRef

Gruz J, Ayaz FA, Torun H, Strnad M (2011) Phenolic acid content and radical scavenging activity of extracts from medlar (Mespilus germanica L) fruit at different stages of ripening. Food Chem 124(1):271–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.06.030 CrossRef

Gunatilake SK (2015) Methods of removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater. J Multidiscip Eng Sci Technol Methods 1(1):12–18. doi: JMESSP13420004

Guo J, Lua AC (2000) Preparation and characterization of adsorbents from oil palm fruit solid wastes. J Oil Palm Res 12(1):64–70

Gupta H, Gogate PR (2015) Intensified removal of copper from waste water using activated watermelon based biosorbent in the presence of ultrasound. Ultrason Sonochem 30:113–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.11.016 CrossRef

Hadi P, Barford J, McKay G (2014) Selective toxic metal uptake using an e-waste based novel sorbent-single, binary and ternary systems. J Environ Chem Eng 2:332–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2014.01.004 CrossRef

Hanafiah MAK, Ibrahim SC, Yahya MZA (2006) Equilibrium adsorption study of lead ions onto sodium hydroxide modified Lalang (Imperata cylindrica) leaf powder. J Appl Sci Res 2:1169–1174

Hegazi HA (2013) Removal of heavy metals from wastewater using agricultural and industrial wastes as adsorbents. HBRC J 9(3):276–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2013.08.004 CrossRef

Horsfall M Jr, Abia AA (2003) Sorption of cadmium(II) and zinc(II) ions from aqueous solutions by cassava waste biomass (Manihot sculenta Cranz). Water Res 37:4913–4923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2003.08.020 CrossRef

Hui D, Le Y, Tao G, Dai J (2009) Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from cotton stalk by microwave assisted chemical activation-application in methylene blue adsorption from aqueous solution. J Hazard Mater 166(2–3):1514–1521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.12.080 CrossRef

Issabayeva G, Aroua MK, Sulaiman NMN (2006) Removal of lead from aqueous solutions on palm shell activated carbon. Bioresour Technol 97(18):2350–2355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.10.023 CrossRef

Issabayeva G, Aroua MK, Sulaiman NM (2008) Continuous adsorption of lead ions in a column packed with palm shell activated carbon. J Hazard Mater 155(1–2):109–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.11.036 CrossRef

Junior OK, Gurgel LVA, de Melo JCP, Botaro VR, Melo TMS, de Freitas Gil RP, Gil LF (2006) Adsorption of heavy metal ion from aqueous single metal solution by chemically modified sugarcane bagasse. Bioresour Technol 98:1291–1297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.05.013 CrossRef

Kadirvelu K, Kavipriya M, Karthika C, Radhika M, Vennilamani N, Pattabhi S (2003) Utilization of various agricultural wastes for activated carbon preparation and application for the removal of dyes and metal ions from aqueous solutions. Bioresour Technol 87(1):129–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00201-8 CrossRef

Kenawy E-R, Ghfar AA, Naushad M et al (2017) Efficient removal of Co(II) metal ion from aqueous solution using cost-effective oxidized activated carbon: kinetic and isotherm studies. Desalin Water Treat 70:220–226. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.20534 CrossRef

Kousalya GN, Gandhi MR, Viswanathan N (2010) Preparation and metal uptake studies of modified forms of chitin. Int J Biol Macromol 47(5):583–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.07.014 CrossRef

Kumar U, Gaikwad V, Sahajwalla V (2018) Transformation of waste toner to iron using E-waste plastics as a carbon resource. J Clean Prod 192:244–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.010 CrossRef

Lalhmunsiama LSM, Choi SS, Tiwari D (2017) Simultaneous removal of Hg(II) and phenol using functionalized activated carbon derived from Areca nut waste. Metals 7:1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7070248 CrossRef

Leyva-Ramos R, Bernal-Jacome LA, Acosta-Rodriguez I (2005) Adsorption of cadmium(II) from aqueous solution on natural and oxidized corncob. Sep Purif Technol 45:41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2005.02.005 CrossRef

Limousy L, Ghouma I, Ouederni A, Jeguirim M (2017) Amoxicillin removal from aqueous solution using activated carbon by chemical activation of olive stone. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24(11):9993–10004. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7404-8 CrossRef

Lopez-Anton MA, Gil RR, Fuente E, Diaz-Somoano M, Martinez-Tarazona MR, Ruiz B (2015) Activated carbons from biocollagenic wastes of the leather industry for mercury capture in oxy-combustion. Fuel 142:227–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.11.018 CrossRef

Luo XS, Xue Y, Wang YL, Cang L, Xu B, Ding J (2015) Source identification and apportionment of heavy metals in urban soil profiles. Chemosphere 127:152–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.01.048 CrossRef

Malik DS, Jain CK, Yadav AK (2017) Removal of heavy metals from emerging cellulosic low-cost adsorbents: a review. Appl Water Sci 7(5):2113–2136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-016-040-8

Marshall WE, Wartelle LH, Boler DE, Johns MM, Toles TA (1999) Enhanced metal adsorption by soybean hulls modified with citric acid. Bioresour Technol 69:263–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(98)00185-0 CrossRef

Mendoza-Carrasco R, Cuerda-Correa EM, Alexandre-Franco MF, Fernandez-Gonzalez C, Gomez-Serrano V (2016) Preparation of high quality activated carbon from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle waste its use in the removal of pollutants in aqueous solution. J Environ Manag 181:522–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.070 CrossRef

Mohan D, Singh KP, Singh VK (2005) Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution using low-cost activated carbons derived from agricultural waste materials and activated carbon fabric cloth. Ind Eng Chem Res 44:1027–1042. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie0400898 CrossRef

Mohan D, Singh KP, Singh VK (2006) Trivalent chromium removal from wastewater using low cost activated carbon derived from agricultural waste material and activated carbon fabric cloth. J Hazard Mater 135(1–3):280–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.11.075 CrossRef

Nag S, Mondal A, Bar N, Das SK (2017) Biosorption of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions and ANN modeling. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24(23):18817–18835. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9325-6 CrossRef

Nag S, Mondal A, Roy DN, Bar N, Das SK (2018) Sustainable bioremediation of Cd(II) from aqueous solution using natural waste materials: kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamics, toxicity studies and GA-ANN hybrid modeling. Environ Technol Innov 11:83–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2018.04.009 CrossRef

Nahil MA, Williams PT (2010) Activated carbons from acrylic textile waste. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 89:51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2010.05.005 CrossRef

Naiya TK, Chowdhury P, Bhattacharya AK, Das SK (2009) Saw dust and neem bark as low-cost natural biosorbent for adsorptive removal of Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Chem Eng J 148:68–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2008.08.002 CrossRef

Nasernejad B, Zadeh TE, Pour BB, Bygi ME, Zamani A (2005) Comparison for biosorption modeling of heavy metals (Cr(III), Cu(II), Zn(II‑ adsorption from wastewater by carrot residues. Process Biochem 40:1319–1322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2004.06.010 CrossRef

Naushad M, ALOthman ZA, Awual MR et al (2015) Adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamic studies for the adsorption of Pb2+ and Hg2+ metal ions from aqueous medium using Ti(IV) iodovanadate cation exchanger. Ionics (Kiel) 21:2237–2245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-015-1401-7 CrossRef

Pandi K, Periyasamy S, Viswanathan N (2017) Remediation of fluoride from drinking water using magnetic iron oxide coated hydrotalcite/chitosan composite. Int J Biol Macromol 104:1569–1577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.037 CrossRef

Parlayici S, Pehlivan E (2017) Removal of metals by Fe₃O₄ loaded activated carbon prepared from plum stone (Prunus nigra): kinetics and modelling study. Powder Technol 317:23–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.04.021 CrossRef

Periyasamy S, Gopalakannan V, Viswanathan N (2017) Fabrication of magnetic particles imprinted cellulose based biocomposites for chromium(VI) removal. Carbohydr Polym 174:352–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.029 CrossRef

Periyasamy S, Gopalakannan V, Viswanathan N (2018) Enhanced chromium sorption and quick separation of magnetic hydrotalcite anchored biopolymeric composites using the hydrothermal method. J Chem Eng Data 63(5):1286–1299. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.7b00906 CrossRef

Rehman H, Shakirullah M, Ahmad I, Shah S, Hamedullah (2006) Sorption studies of nickel ions onto sawdust of Dalbergia Sissoo. J Chin Chem Soc 53:1045–1052. https://doi.org/10.1002/jccs.200600139 CrossRef

Sharma G, Naushad M, Kumar A et al (2017) Efficient removal of coomassie brilliant blue R-250 dye using starch/poly(alginic acid-cl-acrylamide) nanohydrogel. Process Saf Environ Prot 109:301–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2017.04.011 CrossRef

Shehzad A, Bashir MJK, Sethupathi S, Lim J-W (2015) An overview of heavily polluted landfill leachate treatment using food waste as an alternative and renewable source of activated carbon. Process Saf Environ Prot 98:309–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2015.09.005 CrossRef

Shrestha RM, Varga I, Bajtai J, Varga M (2013) Design of surface functionalization of waste material originated charcoals by an optimized chemical carbonization for the purpose of heavy metal removal from industrial waste waters. Microchem J 108:224–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2012.11.002 CrossRef

Silva ACP, Jorgetto AO, Wondracek MHP, Galera RM, Schneider JF, Saeki MJ, Pedrosa VA, Zara LF, Castro GR (2017) Properties, characteristics and application of grinded Malpighia emargiata seeds in the removal of toxic metals from water. Ground Water Sustain Dev 6:50–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.006 CrossRef

Skodras G, Diamantopoulou I, Zabaniotou A, Stavropoulos G, Sakellaropoulos GP (2007) Enhanced mercury adsorption in activated carbons from biomass materials and waste tires. Fuel Sci Technol 88(8):749–758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.03.008 CrossRef

Solgi M, Najib T, Ahmadnejad S, Nasernejad B (2017) Synthesis and characterization of novel activated carbon from Medlar seed for chromium removal: experimental analysis and modeling with artificial neural network and support vector regression. Resour Eff Technol 3(3):236–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reffit.2017.08.003 CrossRef

Staples CA, Dome PB, Klecka GM, Oblock ST, Harris LR (2011) A review of the environmental fate, effects, and exposures of bisphenol A. Chemosphere 36(10):2149–2173. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(97)10133-3 CrossRef

Tan I, Ahmad A, Hameed B (2008) Optimization of preparation conditions for activated carbons from coconut husk using response surface methodology. Chem Eng J 137:462–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2007.04.031 CrossRef

Tran HN, You SJ, Chao HP (2017) Fast and efficient adsorption of methylene green 5 on activated carbon prepared from new chemical activation method. J Environ Manag 188:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.003 CrossRef

Vossen P (2007) Olive oil: history, production, and characteristics of the world’s classic oils. Hortic Sci 42(5):1093–1100CrossRef

Wang Y, Wang XJ, Liu M, Wang X, Wu Z, Yang LZ, Xia SQ, Zhao JF (2012a) Cr(VI) removal from water using cobalt-coated bamboo charcoal prepared with microwave heating. Ind Crop Prod 39:81–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.02.015 CrossRef

Wang J, Xu L, Cheng C, Meng Y, Li A (2012b) Preparation of new chelating fiber with waste PET as adsorbent for fast removal of Cu2þ and Ni2þ from water: kinetic and equilibrium adsorption studies. Chem Eng J 193–194:31–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.03.070 CrossRef

Wen T, Wang J, Yu S, Chen Z, Hayat T, Wang X (2017) Magnetic porous carbonaceous material produced from tea waste for efficient removal of As(V), Cr(VI), humic acid, and dyes. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 5(5):4371–4380. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b00418 CrossRef

Wong MH, Wu SC, Deng WJ, Yu XZ, Luo Q, Leung AO, Wong CS, Luksemburg WJ, Wong AS (2007) Export of toxic chemicals – a review of the case of uncontrolled electronic-waste recycling. Environ Pollut 149:131–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.01.044 CrossRef

Xiang D, Mou P, Wang J, Duan G, Zhang HC (2006) Printed circuit board recycling process and its environmental impact assessment. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 34:1030–1036. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-006-0656-6 CrossRef

Xu M, Hadi P, Chen G, McKay G (2014) Removal of cadmium ions from wastewater using innovative electronic waste-derived material. J Hazard Mater 273:118–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.03.037 CrossRef

Yao S, Zhang J, Shen D, Xiao R, Gu S, Zhao M, Liang J (2016) Removal of Pb(II) from water by the activated carbon modified by nitric acid under microwave heating. J Colloid Interface Sci 463:118–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2015.10.047 CrossRef

Zhu Y, Zhang H, Zeng H, Liang M, Lu R (2012) Adsorption of chromium (VI) from aqueous solution by the iron (III)-impregnated sorbent prepared from sugarcane bagasse. Int J Environ Sci Technol 9:463–472CrossRef

Titel: Activated Carbon from Different Waste Materials for the Removal of Toxic Metals
verfasst von: Soodamani Periyasamy
Ilango Aswin Kumar
Natrayasamy Viswanathan
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Green Materials for Wastewater Treatment
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-17723-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-17724-9

Copyright-Jahr: 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17724-9_3