nach oben

The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment

Erschienen in:

01.09.2011 | LCIA OF IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTH AND ECOSYSTEMS (USEtox)

Addressing speciation in the effect factor for characterisation of freshwater ecotoxicity—the case of copper

verfasst von: Karen S. Christiansen, Peter E. Holm, Ole K. Borggaard, Michael Z. Hauschild

Erschienen in: The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment | Ausgabe 8/2011

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Purpose

Determination of the ecotoxicity effect factor (EF) in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) is based on test data reporting the total dissolved concentration of a substance. In spite of the recognised influence of chemical speciation and physico-chemical characteristics of the aquatic systems on toxicity of dissolved metals, these properties are not considered when calculating characterization factors (CFs) for metals. It is hypothesised that the main cause of the variation in reported EC50 values of Cu among published test results lies in different speciation patterns for Cu in the test media, and that the toxicity of Cu is predominantly caused by the free Cu²⁺ ion. Hence, the free Cu²⁺ ion concentration should substitute the total dissolved metal concentration when determining the EF.

Materials and methods

The study was based on a review of published ecotoxicity studies reporting acute and chronic EC50 data for Cu to Daphnia magna and to different species of fish and algae. The speciation pattern of Cu in the different media applied in the studies was calculated using the Visual MINTEQ model. EFs were calculated according to the expression applied in the USEtox™ characterization model.

Results and discussion

Reported EC₅₀ values for Cu show variations of one to several orders of magnitude for the same organism, but the study indicates that the large variation is caused by differences in water chemistry of the test media influencing the metal speciation. The relationship between the calculated free Cu²⁺ ion concentration and reported EC₅₀ values indicates that the aquatic ecotoxicity of Cu to D. magna can be predicted from the free ion concentration. Other results confirm that the free Cu²⁺ ion concentration depends on the [Cu]/[DOC] ratio since the majority of the total dissolved Cu is present as Cu-DOC complexes when the media contains more than 1 mg/L of DOC, and since Cu in such complexes has limited availability to the test organisms.

Conclusions

These results suggest that speciation should be taken into account in the modelling of both EFs and fate factors for LCIA, and the EF for Cu in the aquatic environment should be based on the concentration of the free Cu²⁺ ion.

Vorheriger Artikel Spatial differentiation of chemical removal rates from air in life cycle impact assessment

Nächster Artikel Implications of considering metal bioavailability in estimates of freshwater ecotoxicity: examination of two case studies

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Allen HE (2000) Importance of clean techniques and speciation in assessing water quality for metals. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 6:989–1002CrossRef

Barata C, Baird DJ, Markich SJ (1998) Influence of genetic and environmental factors on the tolerance of Daphnia magna Straus to essential and non-essential metals. Aquat Toxicol 42:115–137CrossRef

Bhavsar SP, Diamond ML, Evans LJ, Gandhi N, Nilsen J, Antunes P (2004) Development of a coupled metal speciation-fate model for surface aquatic systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 23:1376–1385CrossRef

Bhavsar SP, Gandhi N, Diamond ML, Lock AS, Spiers G, De la Torre MCA (2008) Effects of estimates from different geochemical models on metal fate predicted by coupled speciation-fate models. Environ Toxicol Chem 27:1020–1030CrossRef

Biesinger KE, Christensen GM (1972) Effects of various metals on survival, growth, reproduction, and metabolism of Daphnia Magna. J Fish Res Board Can 29:1691–1699CrossRef

Birkved M, Payet J (2003) Accounting of media conditions in the life cycle impact assessment of metals on aquatic ecosystems. SETAC Europe, Hamburg

Blaylock BG, Frank ML, Mccarthy JF (1985) Comparative toxicity of copper and acridine to fish, daphnia and algae. Environ Toxicol Chem 4:63–71

Bossuyt BTA, Janssen CR (2003) Acclimation of Daphnia magna to environmentally realistic copper concentrations. Comp Biochem Phy C 136:253–264

Bossuyt BTA, De Schamphelaere KAC, Janssen CR (2004) Using the biotic ligand model for predicting the acute sensitivity of Cladoceran dominated communites to copper in natural surface waters. Environ Sci Technol 38:5030–5037CrossRef

Bossuyt BTA, Escobar YR, Janssen CR (2005) Multigeneration acclimation of Daphnia magna Straus to different bioavailable copper concentrations. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 61:327–336CrossRef

Bury NR, Mcgeer JC, Wood CM (1999) Effects of altering freshwater chemistry on physiological responses of rainbow trout to silver exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 18:49–55CrossRef

Campbell PGC (1995) Interactions between trace metals and aquatic organisms: a critique of the free-ion acitivity model. In: Tessier A, Turner DR (eds) Metal speciation and bioavailability in aquatic systems. pp 45–102

De Schamphelaere KAC, Janssen CR (2002) A biotic ligand model predicting acute copper toxicity for Daphnia magna: the effects of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and pH. Environ Sci Technol 36:48–54CrossRef

De Schamphelaere KAC, Janssen CR (2004a) Effects of chronic dietary copper exposure on growth and reproduction of Daphnia magna. Environ Toxicol Chem 23:2038–2047CrossRef

De Schamphelaere KAC, Janssen CR (2004b) Effects of dissolved organic carbon concentration and source, pH, and water hardness on chronic toxicity of copper to Daphnia magna. Environ Toxicol Chem 23:1115–1122CrossRef

De Schamphelaere KAC, Vasconcelos FM, Tack FMG, Allen HE, Janssen CR (2004) Effect of dissolved organic matter source on acute copper toxicity to Daphnia magna. Environ Toxicol Chem 23:1248–1255CrossRef

De Schamphelaere KAC, Unamuno VIR, Tack FMG, Vanderdeelen J, Janssen CR (2005) Reverse osmosis sampling does not affect the protective effect of dissolved organic matter on copper and zinc toxicity to freshwater organisms. Chemosphere 58:653–658CrossRef

De Schamphelaere KAC, Forrez I, Dierckens K, Sorgeloos P, Janssen CR (2007) Chronic toxicity of dietary copper to Daphnia magna. Aquat Toxicol 81:409–418CrossRef

Diamond ML, Gandhi N, Adams WJ, Atherton J, Bhavsar SP, Bulle C, Campbell PGC, Dubreuil A, Fairbrother A, Farley K, Green A, Guinee J, Hauschild MZ, Huijbregts MAJ, Humbert S, Jensen KS, Jolliet O, Margni M, Mcgeer JC, Peijnenburg WJGM, Rosenbaum R, van de Meent D, Vijver MG (2010) The clearwater consensus: the estimation of metal hazard in fresh water. Int J Life Cycle Assess 15:143–147CrossRef

Enserink EL, Maasdiepeveen JL, Vanleeuwen CJ (1991) Combined effects of metals—an ecotoxicological evaluation. Water Re 25:679–687CrossRef

Erickson RJ, Benoit DA, Mattson VR, Nelson HP, Leonard EN (1996) The effects of water chemistry on the toxicity of copper to fathead minnows. Environ Toxicol Chem 15:181–193CrossRef

Gandhi N, Diamond ML, van de Meent D, Huijbregts MAJ, Peijnenburg WJGM, Guinee J (2010) New method for calculating comparative toxicity potential of cationic metals in freshwater: application to copper, nickel, and zinc. Environ Sci Technol 44:5195–5201CrossRef

Gandhi N, Huijbregts MAJ, Dvd M, Peijnenburg WJGM, Guinée J, Diamond ML (2011) Implications of geographic variability on comparative toxicity potentials of Cu, Ni and Zn in freshwaters of Canadian ecoregions. Chemosphere 82:268–277CrossRef

Geffard O, Geffard A, Chaumot A, Vollat B, Alvarez C, Tusseau-Vuillemin MH, Garric J (2008) Effects of chronic dietary and waterborne cadmium exposures on the contamination level and reproduction of Daphnia magna. Environ Toxicol Chem 27:1128–1134CrossRef

Gustafsson JP (2007) Visual Minteq. http://www.lwr.kth.se/english/OurSoftWare/Vminteq/

Hauschild M, Pennington D (2002) Indicators for ecotoxicity in life cycle impact assessment. In: Finnveden G, Goedkoop M, Hauschild M, Hertwich E, Hofstetter P, Klöpffer W, Lindeijer E, Jolliet O, Müler-Wenk R, Olsen D, Pennington D, Potting J, Stehen B (eds) Udo de Haes HA. Striving towards best practice. SETAC Press, Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Hauschild MZ, Huijbregts M, Jolliet O, MacLeod M, Margni M, van de Meent DV, Rosenbaum RK, Mckone TE (2008) Building a model based on scientific consensus for life cycle impact assessment of chemicals: the search for harmony and parsimony. Environ Sci Technol 42:7032–7037CrossRef

Heijerick DG, Janssen CR, De Coen WM (2003) The combined effects of hardness, pH, and dissolved organic carbon on the chronic toxicity of Zn to D-magna: development of a surface response model. Arch Environ Con Tox 44:210–217CrossRef

Heijerick DG, Bossuyt BTA, De Schamphelaere KAC, Indeherberg M, Mingazzini M, Janssen CR (2005) Effect of varying physicochemistry of European surface waters on the copper toxicity to the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Ecotoxicology 14:661–670CrossRef

Hickey CW, Vickers ML (1992) Comparison of the sensitivity to heavy-metals and pentachlorophenol of the mayflies Deleatidium spp. and the cladoceran Daphnia magna. New Zeal J Mar Fresh 26:87–93CrossRef

Hollis L, Mcgeer JC, McDonald DG, Wood CM (2000) Protective effects of calcium against chronic waterborne cadmium exposure to juvenile rainbow trout. Environ Toxicol Chem 19:2725–2734CrossRef

Hruska J, Kohler S, Laudon H, Bishop K (2003) Is a universal model of organic acidity possible: comparison of the acid/base properties of dissolved organic carbon in the boreal and temperate zones. Environ Sci Technol 37:1726–1730CrossRef

Janssen CR, De Schamphelaere K, Heijerick D, Muyssen B, Lock K, Bossuyt B, Vangheluwe M, Van Sprang P (2000) Uncertainties in the environmental risk assessment of metals. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 6:1003–1018CrossRef

Kim SD, Ma HZ, Allen HE, Cha DK (1999) Influence of dissolved organic matter on the toxicity of copper to Ceriodaphnia dubia: effect of complexation kinetics. Environ Toxicol Chem 18:2433–2437CrossRef

Kinniburgh DG, van Riemsdijk WH, Koopal LK, Borkovec M, Benedetti MF, Avena MJ (1999) Ion binding to natural organic matter: competition, heterogeneity, stoichiometry and thermodynamic consistency. Colloid Surf A 151:147–166CrossRef

Koivisto S, Ketola M, Walls M (1992) Comparison of 5 cladoceran species in short-term and long-term copper exposure. Hydrobiologia 248:125–136CrossRef

Koster M, de Groot A, Vijver M, Peijnenburg W (2006) Copper in the terrestrial environment: verification of a laboratory-derived terrestrial biotic ligand model to predict earthworm mortality with toxicity observed in field soils. Soil Biol Biochem 38:1788–1796CrossRef

Kramer KJM, Jak RG, van Hattum B, Hooftman RN, Zwolsman JJG (2004) Copper toxicity in relation to surface water-dissolved organic matter: biological effects to Daphnia magna. Environ Toxicol Chem 23:2971–2980CrossRef

Larsen HF, Hauschild M (2007) GM-Troph—a low data demand ecotoxicity effect indicator for use in LCIA. Int J Life Cycle Assess 12:79–91CrossRef

Leblanc GA (1982) Laboratory investigation into the development of resistance of Daphnia magna (Straus) to environmental pollutants. Environ Pollut A 27:309–322CrossRef

Lee YJ, Elzinga EJ, Reeder RJ (2005) Cu(II) adsorption at the calcite-water interface in the presence of natural organic matter: kinetic studies and molecular-scale characterization. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69:49–61CrossRef

Ligthart T, Aboussouan L, van de Meent D, Schönnenbeck M, Hauschild M, Delbeke K, Struijs J, Russel A, Udo de Haes HA, Atherton J, Van Tilborg W, Karman C, korenromp R, Sap G, Baukloh A, Dubreuil A, Adams W, Heijungs R, Jolliet O, de Koning A, Chapman P, Verdonck F, Van der Loos R, Eikelboom R, Kuyper J (2004) Declaration of Apeldoorn in LCIA of non-ferrous metals. UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Iniative

Macdonald A, Silk L, Schwartz M, Playle RC (2002) A lead-gill binding model to predict acute lead toxicity to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Biochem Phys C 133:227–242CrossRef

Meador JP (1991) The interaction of Ph, dissolved organic-carbon, and total copper in the determination of ionic copper and toxicity. Aquat Toxicol 19:13–31CrossRef

Meyer JS (1999) A mechanistic explanation for the In(LC50) vs In (hardness) adjustment equation for metals. Environ Sci Technol 33:908–912CrossRef

Muyssen BTA, Janssen CR (2007) Age and exposure duration as a factor influencing Cu and Zn toxicity toward Daphnia magna. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 68:436–442CrossRef

Nybroe O, Brandt KK, Ibrahim YM, Tom-Petersen A, Holm PE (2008) Differential bioavailability of copper complexes to bioluminescent Pseudomonas fluorescens reporter strains. Environ Toxicol Chem 27:2246–2252CrossRef

Pagenkopf GK (1983) Gill surface interaction-model for trace-metal toxicity to fishes—role of complexation, PH, and water hardness. Environ Sci Technol 17:342–347CrossRef

Paulauskis JD, Winner RW (1988) Effects of water hardness and humic acid on zinc toxicity to Daphnia magna Straus. Aquat Toxicol 12:273–290CrossRef

Richards JG, Curtis PJ, Burnison BK, Playle RC (2001) Effects of natural organic matter source on reducing metal toxicity to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and on metal binding to their gills. Environ Toxicol Chem 20:1159–1166

Rosenbaum RK, Bachmann TM, Gold LS, Huijbregts MAJ, Jolliet O, Juraske R, Koehler A, Larsen HF, MacLeod M, Margni M, Mckone TE, Payet J, Schuhmacher M, van de Meent D, Hauschild MZ (2008) USEtox-the UNEP-SETAC toxicity model: recommended characterisation factors for human toxicity and freshwater ecotoxicity in life cycle impact assessment. Int J Life Cycle Assess 13:532–546CrossRef

Steeman-Nielsen E, Wium-Andersen S (1970) Copper ions as poison in the sea and in freshwater. Mar Biol 6:93–97CrossRef

Strandesen M, Birkved M, Holm PE, Hauschild MZ (2007) Fate and distribution modelling of metals in life cycle impact assessment. Ecol Model 203:327–338CrossRef

Takamura N, Kasai F, Watanabe MM (1990) Unique response of cyanophyceae to copper. J Appl Phycol 2:293–296CrossRef

Tandy S, Schulin R, Nowack B (2006) The influence of EDDS on the uptake of heavy metals in hydroponically grown sunflowers. Chemosphere 62:1454–1463CrossRef

Tao S, Long AM, Liu CF, Dawson R (2000) The influence of mucus on copper speciation in the gill microenvironment of carp (Cyprinus carpio). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 47:59–64CrossRef

Tipping E (1998) Humic ion-binding model VI: an improved description of the interactions of protons and metal ions with humic substances. Aquat Geochem 4:3–48CrossRef

Vanleeuwen CJ, Buchner JL, Vandijk H (1988) Intermittent flow system for population toxicity studies demonstrated with Daphnia and copper. B Environ Contam Tox 40:496–502CrossRef

Villavicencio G, Urrestarazu P, Carvajal C, De Schamphelaere KAC, Janssen CR, Torres JC, Rodriguez PH (2005) Biotic ligand model prediction of copper toxicity to daphnids in a range of natural waters in Chile. Environ Toxicol Chem 24:1287–1299CrossRef

Titel: Addressing speciation in the effect factor for characterisation of freshwater ecotoxicity—the case of copper
verfasst von: Karen S. Christiansen
Peter E. Holm
Ole K. Borggaard
Michael Z. Hauschild
Publikationsdatum: 01.09.2011
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment / Ausgabe 8/2011
Print ISSN: 0948-3349
Elektronische ISSN: 1614-7502
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-011-0305-7

Springer Professional

Abstract

Purpose

Materials and methods

Results and discussion

Conclusions

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 8/2011

Environmental product development: replacement of an epoxy-based coating by a polyester-based coating

Normalization references for Europe and North America for application with USEtox™ characterization factors

Comparing priority setting in integrated hazardous substance assessment and in life cycle impact assessment

Comparing chemical environmental scores using USEtox™ and CDV from the European Ecolabel

A bright future for addressing chemical emissions in life cycle assessment

USEtox fate and ecotoxicity factors for comparative assessment of toxic emissions in life cycle analysis: sensitivity to key chemical properties