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2005 | Buch

Applied Stratigraphy

herausgegeben von: Eduardo A. M. Koutsoukos

Verlag: Springer Netherlands

Buchreihe : Topics in Geobiology

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Über dieses Buch

Few, if any, fundamental disciplines in the earth sciences have seen so many dramatic changes and developments as stratigraphy. The discipline has come to be applied progressively, and indispensably, to nearly all branches of the earth sciences, including such endeavors as charting the course and complexities of life evolution through time, understanding how ancient ecosystems developed and operated, and furnishing data pivotal to exploration and exploitation of strategic mineral resources.

This book aims to incorporate major aspects and essential elements underpinning the modern applications and perspectives of stratigraphy. It focuses on traditional and innovative techniques and how these can be utilized in reconstructing the geological history of sedimentary basins and in solving manifold geological problems and phenomena. Each chapter summarizes contributions by leading researchers in the field. It is hoped that this book will provide the reader with key insights into all these aspects and applications.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Evolution of a Concept

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Stratigraphy: Evolution of a Concept
Eduardo A. M. Koutsoukos

The Search for Patterns: Ordering the Framework

Frontmatter
Chapter 2. Buried Time: Chronostratigraphy as a Research Tool
Marie-Pierre Aubry, John A. van Couvering
Chapter 3. Ecostratigraphy’s Basis, using Silurian and Devonian Examples, with Consideration of the Biogeographic Complication
3.5 Conclusions
Ecostratigraphy enables one to use a combined community ecologic and biogeographic analysis to provide a far more detailed, evolutionarily based biostratigraphy. It makes clear the lower level correlation precision all too commonly present between biotas from different biogeographic and ecologic units. It capitalizes on the improved correlation precision made possible by combining data from adjoining, either intertonguing or mixed, ecologic and biogeographic units. It emphasizes the importance of careful taxonomic work on the phyletically evolving species within generic lineages, typically the uncommon to rare genera within any community group. It emphasizes the critical importance of working with large fossil collections that have a much better chance of recovering the uncommon to rare genera, the rarefaction phenomenon.
Arthur J. Boucot
Chapter 4. Devonian Palynostratigraphy in Western Gondwana
Stanislas Loboziak, José Henrique G. Melo, Maurice Streel
Chapter 5. Carboniferous and Permian Palynostratigraphy
Geoffrey Playford, Rodolfo Dino
Chapter 6. Biostratigraphy of the Non-Marine Triassic: Is a Global Correlation Based on Tetrapod Faunas Possible?
6.5 Conclusions
The Triassic was the only period of tetrapod history during the entire length of which a single landmass existed, and this paleogeographic condition favoured the dispersion and the cosmopolitanism of the floras and tetrapod faunas. In turn, Triassic successions are rarely complete, commonly showing depositional hiatuses that hinder the correlation among the different basins. Besides, endemism of land vertebrate assemblages may also be due to facies, sampling and taphonomic biases. Notwithstanding, a global correlation among non-marine Triassic strata and the establishment of a time scale based on their tetrapod faunas is quite possible, but it is still necessary more evidences to link these data with those of the marine sequences.
To complete this goal, the continuity of the fieldwork on Triassic strata shall probably provide new radiometric and paleomagnetic data, both from marine and continental strata, which today are still very scarce. Besides, fieldwork in non-marine sequences will provide also new findings of tetrapods, which can continuously improve this tetrapod-based biostratigraphic framework if they are properly studied and compared. However, the most essential thing is that fieldwork on continental tetrapod-bearing Triassic beds must be based in a systematic taphonomic analysis and on the application of the concepts of sequence stratigraphy for continental strata.
Cesar L. Schultz
Chapter 7. The K-T Boundary
Eduardo A. M. Koutsoukos

The Search for Clues: Analyzing and Sequencing the Record

Frontmatter
Chapter 8. Chemostratigraphy
René Rodrigues
Chapter 9. Paleobotany and Paleoclimatology
Part I: Growth Rings in Fossil Woods and Paleoclimates Part II: Leaf Assemblages (Taphonomy, Paleoclimatology and Paleogeography)
Laureen Sally Da Rosa Alves, Margot Guerra-Sommer, Tânia Lindner Dutra
Chapter 10. Palynofacies Analysis and its Stratigraphic Application
David J. Batten, Darrin T. Stead
Chapter 11. Sequence Biostratigraphy with Examples from the Plio-Pleistocene and Quaternary
Hilary Clement Olson, Peter R. Thompson
Chapter 12. Taphonomy — Overview of Main Concepts and Applications to Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis
Michael Holz, Marcello G. Simões
Chapter 13. Significance of Ichnofossils to Applied Stratigraphy
S. George Pemberton, James A. Maceachern
Chapter 14. Cyclostratigraphy
Martin A. Perlmutter, Nilo C. de Azambuja Filho
Chapter 15. The Role and Value of “Biosteering” in Hydrocarbon Reservoir Exploitation
15.4 Concluding Remarks
Benefits accruing from biosteering and optimal reservoir placement in the cited examples include:
  • Savings of tens of millions of dollars in drilling costs;
  • Addition of tens of millions of barrels of reserves;
  • Addition of tens of thousands of barrels per day of production (sustainable throughout field life).
Costs incurred are typically less than 0.5% of an individual well budget. The value added to date by the application of biosteering on over 200 wells throughout the BP portfolio runs into hundreds of millions of dollars.
It is anticipated that this figure will further increase in the future, as the technology is transferred to fields only now entering into production, for example deep-water Angola and the Gulf of Mexico.
Robert W. Jones, Stephen Lowe, Paul Milner, Peter Heavey, Simon Payne, David Ewen

Modelling the Record

Frontmatter
Chapter 16. Quantitative Methods for Applied Microfossil Biostratigraphy
Felix M. Gradstein
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Applied Stratigraphy
herausgegeben von
Eduardo A. M. Koutsoukos
Copyright-Jahr
2005
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Electronic ISBN
978-1-4020-2763-5
Print ISBN
978-1-4020-2632-4
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2763-X