nach oben

Social Indicators Research

Erschienen in:

01.10.2014

Assessing Adjustment to Aging: A Validation Study for the Adjustment to Aging Scale (AtAS)

verfasst von: Sofia von Humboldt, Isabel Leal, Filipa Pimenta, João Maroco

Erschienen in: Social Indicators Research | Ausgabe 1/2014

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Adjustment to aging (AtA) is a multifactor adjustment process with implications on aging well among older adults. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a scale to assess the factors that older adults recognized as indicators of their AtA, with a cross-national comparative perspective towards aging well. Convenience sampling was used to gather questionnaire data, including demographics and the proposed scale. Complete data was available for 1,291 older community-dwelling adults, aged between 75 and 102 years (M = 83.9; SD = 6.68), who represented four different nationalities. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed for dimension reduction and exploration of the factorial structure. Data gathered with the 22-items AtA five-factor scale showed overall good psychometric properties (in terms of distributional properties, statistical significant factor weights, factorial, convergent, discriminant criterion and external-related validities, as well as reliability). Five factors were selected for the Adjustment to Aging Scale: (a) sense of purpose and ambitions (b) zest and spirituality; (c) body and health; (d) aging in place and stability; and (e) social support. We present a 22-item scale with five factors for AtA estimation in a cross-national elderly population which produced valid and reliable data for elder persons from four different nationalities. Results showed that this scale is an adequate cross-cultural instrument for research, clinical practice and program development in the health care context. These may benefit from clearly understanding AtA as an important component for reducing health disparities and for aging well, across nationalities.

Vorheriger Artikel Validation of the Satisfaction with Life Scale to Brazilians: Evidences of Measurement Noninvariance Across Brazil and US

Nächster Artikel The Subjective Happiness Scale: Translation and Preliminary Psychometric Evaluation of a Spanish Version

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Adams, R. G., & Blieszner, R. (1995). Aging well with friends and family. American Behavioral Scientist, 39, 209–224. doi:10.1177/0002764295039002008.CrossRef

Al-Janabi, H. N., Flynn, T., & Coast, J. (2012). Development of a self-report measure of capability wellbeing for adults: The ICECAP-A. Quality of Life Research, 21(1), 167–176.CrossRef

Antonovsky, A. (1993). The structure and properties of the sense of coherence scale. Social Science and Medicine, 36(6), 725–733. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(93)90033-Z.CrossRef

Atchley, R. (1999). Continuity and adaptation in aging: Creating positive experiences. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Baltes, P. B., & Smith, J. (2003). New frontiers in the future of aging: From successful aging of the young old to the dilemmas of the fourth age. Gerontology, 49, 123–135. doi:10.1159/000067946.CrossRef

Barak, B. (2009). Age identity: A cross-cultural global approach. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33, 2–11. doi:10.1177/0165025408099485.CrossRef

Bar-Tur, L., Levy-Shiff, R., & Burns, A. (1998). Well-being in aging: Mental engagements in elderly men as a moderator of losses. Journal Aging Studies, 12(1), 1–17. doi:10.1016/S0890-4065(98)90017-2.CrossRef

Bauer, J. J., & McAdams, D. P. (2004). Growth goals, maturity, and well-being. Developmental Psychology, 40(1), 114–127. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.40.1.114.CrossRef

Birren, J. E., & Schaie, K. W. (1996). Handbook of the psychology of aging. San Diego: Academic Press.

Boult, C., Kane, R. L., Louis, T. A., Boult, L., & McCaffrey, D. (1994). Chronic conditions that lead to functional limitation in the elderly. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences, 49, 28–36. doi:10.1093/geronj/49.1.M28.CrossRef

Bowling, A. (2007). Aspirations for older age in the 21st century: What is successful aging?. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 64, 263–297. doi:10.2190/L0K1-87W4-9R01-7127.CrossRef

Bowling, A., & Dieppe, P. (2005). What is successful ageing and who should define it? British Medical Journal, 331(7531), 1548–1551. doi:10.1136/bmj.331. 7531.1548.CrossRef

Brandtstädter, J., & Rothermund, K. (2003). Intentionality and time in human development and aging: Compensation and goal adjustment in changing developmental contexts. In U. M. Staudinger & U. Lindenberger (Eds.), Understanding human development: Dialogues with lifespan psychology (pp. 105–124). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0357-6_6.CrossRef

Brodsky, S. L. (1988). The psychology of adjustment and well-being. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Brozek, J. (1966). Symposium on adjustment to aging. Applied Psychology, 15, 22–29. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.1966.tb00581.x.CrossRef

Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modelling with AMOS: Basic concepts, 280 applications and programming. London, England: LEA.

Cavan, R. S., Burgess, E. W., Havighurst, R. J., & Goldhammer, H. (1949). Personal adjustment in old age. Chicago: Science Research Associates Inc.

Cheng, S.-T., Li, K–. K., Leung, E. M. F., & Chan, A. C. M. (2011). Social exchanges and subjective well-being: Do sources of positive and negative exchanges matter? Journal of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 66(6), 708–718. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbr061.CrossRef

Cornwell, B. (2011). Independence through social networks: Bridging potential among older women and men. Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 66(6), 782–794. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbr111.

Deeg, D. J. H. (2005). The development of physical and mental health from late midlife to early old age. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 19, 316–323. doi:10.4135/9781452225999.n7.CrossRef

Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with lifescale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13.CrossRef

Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276–302. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.125.2.276.CrossRef

Eriksson, M., & Lindstrom, B. (2006). Antonovsky’s sense of coherence scale and the relation with health: a systematic review. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60, 376–381. doi:10.1136/jech.2005.041616.CrossRef

Fernández-Ballesteros, R. (2010). Quality of life in old age: Problematic issues. Applied Research Quality Life, 6, 21–40. doi:10.1007/s11482-010-9110-x.CrossRef

Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). Mini-mental state. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198.CrossRef

Foreman, M. D., Fletcher, K., Mion, L. C., & Simon, L. (1996). Assessing cognitive function. Geriatric Nursing, 17(5), 228–232. doi:10.1016/S0197-4572(96)80210-2.CrossRef

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating SEM with Unobserved variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39–50.CrossRef

Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (1998). Selection, optimization, and compensation as strategies of life management: correlations with subjective indicators of successful aging. Psychology and Aging, 13(4), 531–543. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.13.4.531.CrossRef

Gavrilov, L. A., & Heuveline, P. (2003). Aging of population. In P. Demeny & G. McNicoll (Eds.), The encyclopedia of population. New York: Macmillan Reference USA.

Havighurst, R. J., & Albrecht, R. (1953). Older people. Nova York: Longmans.

Heckhausen, J., & Krüger, J. (1993). Developmental expectations for the self and most other people: Age grading in three functions of social comparison. Developmental Psychology, 25, 539–548. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.539.CrossRef

Hybels, C., Blazer, D., George, L., & Koenig, H. (2012). The complex association between religious activities and functional limitations in older adults. The Gerontologist, 52(5), 676–685. doi:10.1093/geront/gnr156.CrossRef

Instituto Nacional de Estatística. (2011). População estrangeira em Portugal. Destaque: Informação à comunicação social. [Foreign population in Portugal. Healdline: Information for social communication], INE: Lisboa.

Jopp, D., & Rott, C. (2006). Adaptation in very old age: Exploring the role of resources, beliefs, and attitudes for centenarians’ happiness. Psychology and Aging, 21(2), 266–280. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.21.2.266.CrossRef

Kesebir, P., & Diener, E. (2010). In pursuit of happiness: Empirical answers to philosophical questions. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 117–125. doi:10.1111/j.1758-0854.2012.01066.x.CrossRef

Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007–1022.CrossRef

Kinsella, K. G., & Velkoff, V. A. (2001). An aging world. U.S. Census Bureau, Series P95/01-1, U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC.

Kleinspehn-Ammerlahn, A., Kotter-Grühn, D., & Smith, J. (2008). Self-perceptions of aging: Do subjective age and satisfaction with aging change during old age? Journal of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 63B(6), 377–385. doi:10.1037/a0016510.CrossRef

Kozma, A., Stones, M. J., & McNeil, J. K. (1991). Psychological well-being in later life. Markham: Butterworths.

Krause, N., & Rook, K. S. (2003). Negative interaction in later life: Issues in the stability and generalizability of conflict across relationships. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58, 88–99.CrossRef

Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28, 563–575. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x.CrossRef

Löckenhoff, C. E., De Fruyt, F., Terracciano, A., McCrae, R. R., De Bolle, M., Costa, P. T, Jr, et al. (2009). Perceptions of aging across 26 cultures and their culture-level associates. Psychology and Aging, 24(4), 941–954. doi:10.1037/a0016901.CrossRef

Lohman, N. (1977). Correlations of life satisfaction, morale, and adjustment measures. Journal of Gerontology, 32, 73–75. doi:10.1093/geront/23.3.261.CrossRef

Low, G., & Molzahn, A. E. (2007). Predictors of quality of life in old age: A cross-validation study. Research in Nursing & Health, 30(2), 141–150. doi:10.1002/nur.20178.CrossRef

MacKinlay, E. (2001). The spiritual dimension of caring: Applying a model for spiritual tasks of ageing. Journal of Religious Gerontology, 12(3/4), 151–166. doi:10.1300/J078v12n03_12.

Maddox, G. L., & Clark, D. O. (1992). Trajectories of functional impairment in later life. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 33, 114–125. doi:10.2307/2137250.CrossRef

Malette, J., & Oliver, L. (2006). Retirement and existential meaning in the older adult: A qualitative study using life review. Counselling, Psychotherapy, and Health, 2(1), 30–49.

Manton, K. G., Stallard, E., & Corder, L. (1995). Changes in morbidity and chronic disability in the U.S. elderly population: Evidence from the 1982, 1984, and 1989 National Long Term Care Surveys. Journal of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 50B, 194–204. doi:10.1093/geronb/50B.4.S194.CrossRef

Maroco, J. (2010). Análise de equações estruturais [Structural equations analysis]. Pero Pinheiro: Report Number.

Mowat, H. (2004). Successful ageing and the spiritual journey. In A. Jewel (Ed.), Ageing, spirituality and well-being (pp. 42–57). London: Jessica Kingsley.

Nagi, S. Z. (1976). An epidemiology of disability among adults in the United States. Milbank Quarterly, 54, 439–467. doi:10.2307/3349677.CrossRef

Oerlemans, W. G. M., Bakker, A. B., & Veenhoven, R. (2011). Finding the key to happy aging: A day reconstruction study of happiness. Journal of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 66B(6), 665–674. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbr040.CrossRef

Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (2004). The subjective evaluation of well-being in adulthood: Findings and implications. Ageing International, 29(2), 113–135. doi:10.1007/s12126-004-1013-4.CrossRef

Reichstadt, J., Sengupta, G., Depp, C. A., Palinkas, L. A., & Jeste, D. V. (2010). Older adults’ perspectives on successful aging: Qualitative interviews. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(7), 567–575.CrossRef

Ryff, C. (1982). Successful aging: A developmental approach. The Gerontologist, 22(2), 209–214. doi:10.1093/geront/22.2.209.CrossRef

Ryff, C. D. (1989). Beyond Ponce de Leon and life satisfaction: New directions in quest of successful aging. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 12, 35–55. doi:10.1177/016502548901200102.CrossRef

Schafer, M. H., & Shippee, T. P. (2010). Age identity, gender, and perceptions of decline: Does feeling older leads to pessimistic dispositions about cognitive aging? Journal of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65B(1), 91–96. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbp046.CrossRef

Silverstein, M., & Parker, M. G. (2002). Leisure activities and quality of life among the oldest old in Sweden. Research on Aging, 24(5), 528–547. doi:10.1177/0164027502245003.CrossRef

Slangen-Dekort, Y. A. W., Midden, J. B. C., Aarts, B., & Wagenberg, F. V. (2001). Determinants of adaptive behavior among older persons: Self-efficacy, importance, and personal disposition as directive mechanisms. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 53(4), 253–274.CrossRef

Smith, J., Borchelt, M., Maier, H., & Jopp, D. (2002). Health and well-being in the young old and oldest old. Journal of Social Issues, 58(4), 715–732. doi:10.1111/1540-4560.00286.CrossRef

Sneed, J. R., & Whitbourne, S. K. (2005). Models of the aging self. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 375–388. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2005.00411.x.CrossRef

Sperlinger, D., Clare, L., Bradbury, N., & Culverwell, A. (2004). Measuring psychosocial treatment outcomes with older people. Leicester: The British Psychological Society.

Staudinger, U. M., & Kunzmann, U. (2005). Positive adult personality development: Adjustment and/or growth? European Psychologist, 10(4), 320–329. doi:10.1027/1016-9040.10.4.320.CrossRef

Strawbridge, W. J., Cohen, R. D., Shema, S. J., & Kaplan, G. A. (1996). Successful aging: Predictors and associated activities. American Journal of Epidemiology, 144(2), 135–141. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008900.CrossRef

Thomae, T. (1992). Contributions of longitudinal research to a cognitive theory of adjustment to aging. European Journal of Personality, 6(2), 157–175. doi:10.1002/per.2410060207.CrossRef

Torres, S. (2003). A preliminary empirical test of a culturally-relevant theoretical framework for the study of successful aging. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 18(1), 79–100.CrossRef

United Nations. (2007). World population aging 2007. Department of Economic and Social Affairs: Population Division.

von Humboldt, S., Leal, I., Pimenta, F., & Niculescu, G. (2012). Beyond age and adjustment: A cross-national qualitative study of older adults’ perceptions. Canadian Social Science, 8(5), 139–147. doi:http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/83867629/beyond-age-adjustment-cross-national-qualitative-study-older-adults-perceptions. 0805.5541.

Wahrendorf, M., & Siegrist, J. (2010). Are changes in productive activities of older people associated with changes in their well-being? Results of a longitudinal European study. European Journal of Ageing, 7(2), 59–68. doi:10.1007/s10433-010-0154-4.CrossRef

Ward, R. A. (2010). How old am I? Perceived age in middle and later life. International Journal Aging Human Development, 71(3), 167–184. doi:10.2190/AG.71.3.a.CrossRef

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063.CrossRef

Williamson, G. (2005). Aging well: Outlook for the 21st century. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 676–686). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Wolinsky, F. D., Stump, T. E., Callahan, C. M., & Johnson, R. J. (1996). Consistency and change in functional status among older adults over time. Journal of Aging and Health, 8, 155–182. doi:10.1177/089826439600800201.CrossRef

Wrosch, C., Dunne, E., Scheier, M. F., & Schulz, R. (2006). Self-regulation of common age-related challenges: Benefits for older adults’ psychological and physical health. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29, 299–306. doi:10.1007/s10865-006-9051-x.CrossRef

Titel: Assessing Adjustment to Aging: A Validation Study for the Adjustment to Aging Scale (AtAS)
verfasst von: Sofia von Humboldt
Isabel Leal
Filipa Pimenta
João Maroco
Publikationsdatum: 01.10.2014
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Social Indicators Research / Ausgabe 1/2014
Print ISSN: 0303-8300
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-0921
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0482-9

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2014

The (Non-) Effect of Unemployment Benefits: Variations in the Effect of Unemployment on Life-Satisfaction Between EU Countries

The Association Between the Fear of Crime, and Mental and Physical Wellbeing in New Zealand

Patterns of Residential Adjustment for Older Person: Who will Recover and How Do They Recover? A Study in Different Residential Environments in Hong Kong

A Concept Mapping Study on Social Inclusion in Hong Kong

Throwing the Baby Out with the Bathwater: Evaluation of Domain Importance Weighting in Quality of Life Measurements

Measuring Advances in Equality of Opportunity: The Changing Gender Gap in Educational Attainment in Canada in the Last Half Century

Premium Partner