Introduction
Component | Threshold value | |
---|---|---|
GML (2011) | RMH (2006) | |
Mineralisation | 1000 mg/L | 1000 mg/L |
Major ions | ||
Chloride ions | – | 20 % mval |
Sulphate ions | – | |
Bicarbonate ions | – | |
Sodium ions | – | |
Calcium ions | – | |
Magnesium ions | – | |
Specific components | ||
Fluoride ions | 2 mg/L Water containing fluoride | 2 mg/L |
Iodide ions | 1 mg/L Water containing iodide | 1 mg/L |
Iron (II) ions | 10 mg/L Ferruginous water | 10 mg/L |
Metasilicic acid | 70 mg/L Water containing silica | 70 mg/L |
Free carbon dioxide | 250–999 mg/L Water containing Carbon dioxide | 250–999 mg/L Water containing Carbon dioxide |
1000 mg/L Carbonated water | 1000 mg/L Carbonated water | |
Sulphur (II) compounds | 1 mg/L Sulphurous water | 1 mg/L |
Radon | 74 Bq/L Radon water | 74 Bq/L |
Temperature | 20 °C Thermal water | 20 °C |
Study area
Intake name (location on Fig. 2) | GPS coordinates | Depth (m) | Ordinate land (m a.s.l) | Aquifer | Parameter measured in the field (range for 2005–2015 years) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Latitude | Longitude | Lithology | Stratigraphya
| pH |
γ
25 (mS/cm) | |||
B-4b Aleksander | N50°27.315′ | E20°43.142′ | 55.0 | 217.7 | Marls | Crs
| 6.72–7.45 | 20.40–21.50 |
B-8b Michał | N50°27.377′ | E20°43.079′ | 60.0 | 217.8 | Marls | Crs
| 6.99–7.53 | 19.44–20.80 |
B-13 Anna | N50°27.520′ | E20°42.811′ | 55.0 | 219.7 | Marls | Crs
| 7.01–7.48 | 18.47–19.52 |
B-16a Wiesława | N50°27.265′ | E20°42.908′ | 163.0 | 215.0 | Sandstones | Crc
| 6.92–7.55 | 19.83–20.80 |
B-17 Ignacy | N50°27.282′ | E20°43.400′ | 148.0 | 219.9 | Sandstones | Crc
| 6.96–7.30 | 20.50–21.80 |
Intake name (location on Fig. 2) | Chemical composition according to Kurlov’s formula I, F, Fe, H2S (mg/L) M (g/L) (year of analysis) | Type of water according to RMH (2006) | Type of curative water |
---|---|---|---|
B-4b Aleksander |
\({\text{I}}^{2.4} {\text{F}}^{0.6} {\text{H}}_{2} {\text{S}}^{28.6}\)
\({\text{M}}_{13.8} \frac{{{\text{Cl}}^{81} {\text{SO}}_{4}^{14} }}{{{\text{Na}}^{80} }}{\text{T}}^{12.2}\) (2010) | 1.40 % Cl–Na, H2S, I | Sulphide and iodide water |
B-8b Michał |
\({\text{I}}^{1.9} {\text{F}}^{1.2} {\text{H}}_{2} {\text{S}}^{45.2}\)
\({\text{M}}_{13.2} \frac{{{\text{Cl}}^{79} {\text{SO}}_{4}^{17} }}{{{\text{Na}}^{81} }}{\text{T}}^{12.4}\) (2002) | 1.32 % Cl–Na, H2S, I | Sulphide and iodide water |
B-13 Anna |
\({\text{I}}^{1.7} {\text{F}}^{0.9} {\text{H}}_{2} {\text{S}}^{40.4}\)
\({\text{M}}_{12.4} \frac{{{\text{Cl}}^{79} {\text{SO}}_{4}^{17} }}{{{\text{Na}}^{80} }}{\text{T}}^{11.2}\) (2000) | 1.24 % Cl–Na, H2S, I | Sulphide and iodide water |
B-16a Wiesława |
\({\text{I}}^{1.9} {\text{F}}^{1.1} {\text{H}}_{2} {\text{S}}^{35.9}\)
\({\text{M}}_{13.9} \frac{{{\text{Cl}}^{80} {\text{SO}}_{4}^{17} }}{{{\text{Na}}^{79} }}{\text{T}}^{15.9}\) (1999) | 1.39 % Cl–Na, H2S, I | Sulphide and iodide water |
B-17 Ignacy |
\({\text{I}}^{2.0} {\text{F}}^{1.1} {\text{H}}_{2} {\text{S}}^{53.2}\)
\({\text{M}}_{14.3} \frac{{{\text{Cl}}^{78} {\text{SO}}_{4}^{19} }}{{{\text{Na}}^{80} }}{\text{T}}^{12.2}\) (2003) | 1.43 % Cl–Na, H2S, I | Sulphide and iodide water |
Methodology
Laboratory | Component | Analytical method | No of standard/procedure | Limit of determination (mg/L) |
U
lab (%)a
|
U
measurement (%)b
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AB 176 | Sulphur (II) compounds | Titration (thiomercurimetric) | Polish Standard PN–82/C–04566/03 (ISO 1982) | 0.04 | 20.0 | 9.7 |
AB 1050 | Iodide ions | Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) | 0.01 | 24.7 | 12.2 |
Data analysis: assessing the medicinal qualities of waters
Intake name | Number of data | Mean value (mg/L) | Standard deviation (mg/L) | Minimum (mg/L) | Maximum (mg/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sulphur (II) compounds | |||||
B-4b Aleksander | 18 | 23.76 | 3.89 | 18.00 | 31.36 |
B-8b Michał | 18 | 38.33 | 5.22 | 31.00 | 46.40 |
B-13 Anna | 18 | 43.29 | 7.26 | 34.00 | 59.20 |
B-16a Wiesława | 18 | 39.10 | 8.58 | 19.89 | 55.20 |
B-17 Ignacy | 18 | 47.58 | 10.70 | 29.68 | 67.20 |
Iodide ions | |||||
B-4b Aleksander | 18 | 1.57 | 0.59 | 0.57 | 2.43 |
B-8b Michał | 18 | 1.52 | 0.94 | 0.33 | 3.57 |
B-13 Anna | 18 | 1.53 | 0.98 | 0.34 | 3.20 |
B-16a Wiesława | 18 | 1.78 | 1.43 | 0.58 | 6.04 |
B-17 Ignacy | 18 | 1.66 | 0.77 | 0.60 | 2.89 |
Deterministic method
Compound | Intake name | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B-4b Aleksander | B-8b Michał | B-13 Anna | B-16a Wiesława | B-17 Ignacy | ||
Mean value | ||||||
Sulphur (II) compounds (mg/L) | 1 | 23.76 | 38.33 | 43.29 | 39.10 | 47.58 |
Iodide ions (mg/L) | 1 | 1.57 | 1.52 | 1.53 | 1.78 | 1.66 |
Hydrogeochemical type of water due to the content of specific components | Sulphide and iodide water | Sulphide and iodide water | Sulphide and iodide water | Sulphide and iodide water | Sulphide and iodide water |
Probabilistic method
Component | Decision boundary (lower limit of the variation range or uncertainty interval) | Intake name | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B-4b Aleksander | B-8b Michał | B-13 Anna | B-16a Wiesława | B-17 Ignacy | |||
Sulphur (II) compounds (mg/L) | 1 |
\(\bar{x} - 2\sigma\)
| 15.97 | 27.89 | 28.76 | 21.94 | 26.19 |
\(\bar{x} - U_{{{\text{mean}}\_{\text{lab}}}}\)
| 22.44 | 36.20 | 40.89 | 36.93 | 44.94 | ||
\(\bar{x} - U_{\text{mean}}\)
| 23.12 | 37.30 | 42.13 | 38.04 | 46.30 | ||
Iodide ions (mg/L) | 1 |
\(\bar{x} - 2\sigma\)
| 0.39 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.12 |
\(\bar{x} - U_{{{\text{mean}}\_{\text{lab}}}}\)
| 1.47 | 1.42 | 1.43 | 1.66 | 1.54 | ||
\(\bar{x} - U_{\text{mean}}\)
| 1.52 | 1.47 | 1.48 | 1.72 | 1.60 | ||
Hydrogeochemical type due to content of specific components for the decision limit \(\bar{x} - 2\sigma\)
| Sulphide water | Sulphide water | Sulphide water | Sulphide water | sulphide water | ||
Hydrogeochemical type due to content of specific components for the decision limit \(\bar{x} - U_{{{\text{mean}}\_{\text{lab}}}}\)
| Sulphide and iodide water | Sulphide and iodide water | Sulphide and iodide water | Sulphide and iodide water | sulphide and iodide water | ||
Hydrogeochemical type due to content of specific components for the decision limit \(\bar{x} - U_{\text{mean}}\)
| Sulphide and iodide water | Sulphide and iodide water | Sulphide and iodide water | Sulphide and iodide water | sulphide and iodide water |