1 Introduction
2 Material and Methods
2.1 Case Study, Doroudzan Dam
2.2 Seepage Control Measures in Earthfill Dams
2.3 Doroudzan Dam Monitoring System
2.4 Seepage Analysis
2.5 Assessing the Efficiency of Seepage Control Measures
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Observed Value of Water Level and Seepage Flow
3.1.1 Observed Water Level in Piezometers
Piezometer | Slope | Intercept | R2 | Water level in piezometer (masl) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NP1 | 1.02 | − 40.2954 | 0.99 | 1656.5 | 1661.61 | 1666.71 | 1672.34 |
NP2 | 0.03 | 1580.082 | 0.13 | 1628.67 | 1628.81 | 1628.96 | 1629.12 |
NP3 | 0.01 | 1607.929 | 0.11 | 1625.42 | 1625.47 | 1625.52 | 1625.58 |
NP4 | 0.99 | 18.79213 | 0.97 | 1656.62 | 1661.55 | 1666.48 | 1671.91 |
NP5 | 0.06 | 1520.646 | 0.18 | 1624.74 | 1625.05 | 1625.37 | 1625.71 |
NP6 | − 0.01 | 1636.498 | 0.1 | 1625.58 | 1625.55 | 1625.51 | 1625.48 |
NP7 | 1.00 | 1.079402 | 0.97 | 1656.33 | 1661.31 | 1666.3 | 1671.79 |
NP8 | 0.06 | 1524.349 | 0.33 | 1628.57 | 1628.88 | 1629.19 | 1629.54 |
NP9 | 0.02 | 1599.508 | 0.04 | 1625.68 | 1625.76 | 1625.84 | 1625.93 |
NP10 | 0.97 | 35.23869 | 0.95 | 1654.43 | 1659.3 | 1664.17 | 1669.55 |
NP11 | 0.18 | 1332.096 | 0.08 | 1629.64 | 1630.53 | 1631.43 | 1632.41 |
NP12 | 0.07 | 1504.127 | 0.52 | 1626.31 | 1626.68 | 1627.05 | 1627.46 |
OP1 | 0.27 | 1184.67 | 0.82 | 1635.52 | 1636.88 | 1638.24 | 1639.73 |
OP3 | 0.02 | 1625.81 | 0.01 | 1658.41 | 1658.50 | 1658.60 | 1658.71 |
OP4 | 0.35 | 1058.25 | 0.69 | 1637.68 | 1639.42 | 1641.17 | 1643.09 |
OP5 | − 0.13 | 1876.82 | 0.07 | 1654.63 | 1653.96 | 1653.29 | 1652.56 |
OP6 | 0.05 | 1534.89 | 0.40 | 1626.19 | 1626.47 | 1626.74 | 1627.05 |
OP7 | 0.03 | 1572.70 | 0.32 | 1625.61 | 1625.77 | 1625.93 | 1626.11 |
Water level in reservoir (masl) | 1661 | 1666 | 1671 | 1676.5 |
3.1.2 Observed Seepage Flow
Seepage from | Water level in reservoir (masl) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1661.00 | 1665.00 | 1671.00 | 1676.50 | |||
Dam and foundation | 2D cross section (m3day−1) | qI-B | 0.19 | 0.43 | 0.51 | 0.59 |
qI-F | 3.12 | 3.78 | 3.98 | 4.16 | ||
qI-B & F | 3.31 | 3.91 | 4.27 | 4.75 | ||
qII-B | 2.18 | 2.58 | 2.82 | 3.14 | ||
qIII-B | 1.09 | 1.29 | 1.41 | 1.57 | ||
Expected | Q (L s−1) | 18.48 | 23.79 | 25.47 | 27.03 | |
Observed | Q (L s−1) | 27.57 | 34.21 | 44.17 | 53.30 | |
Efficiency | 0.67 | 0.70 | 0.58 | 0.51 | ||
Abutment | Expected | Q (L s−1) | 19.04 | 22.75 | 36.37 | 44.92 |
Observed | Q (L s−1) | 101.82 | 146.22 | 212.82 | 273.87 | |
Efficiency | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.16 |
3.2 Expected Value of Water Level and Seepage Flow
3.3 Efficiency of Seepage Control Measures
L section | WL in reservoir | PH before Ch. D | PH after Ch. D | Change in WL | Eff | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Obs | Exp | Obs | Exp | Obs | Exp | |||
L Sec1 | 1661.00 | 1656.50 | 1655.53 | 1628.67 | 1627.14 | 27.83 | 28.39 | 0.98 |
1665.00 | 1661.61 | 1661.43 | 1628.81 | 1627.14 | 32.79 | 34.29 | 0.96 | |
1671.00 | 1666.71 | 1665.13 | 1628.96 | 1627.14 | 37.76 | 37.99 | 0.99 | |
1676.50 | 1672.33 | 1672.38 | 1629.12 | 1627.14 | 43.21 | 45.24 | 0.96 | |
L Sec2 | 1661.00 | 1656.33 | 1655.53 | 1628.57 | 1627.14 | 27.77 | 28.39 | 0.98 |
1665.00 | 1660.32 | 1661.43 | 1628.82 | 1627.14 | 31.50 | 34.29 | 0.92 | |
1671.00 | 1666.30 | 1665.13 | 1629.19 | 1627.14 | 37.11 | 37.99 | 0.98 | |
1676.50 | 1671.78 | 1672.38 | 1629.54 | 1627.14 | 42.24 | 45.24 | 0.93 | |
L Sec3 | 1661.00 | 1656.33 | 1655.53 | 1628.57 | 1627.14 | 27.77 | 28.39 | 0.98 |
1665.00 | 1660.32 | 1661.43 | 1628.82 | 1627.14 | 31.50 | 34.29 | 0.92 | |
1671.00 | 1666.30 | 1665.13 | 1629.19 | 1627.14 | 37.11 | 37.99 | 0.98 | |
1676.50 | 1671.78 | 1672.38 | 1629.54 | 1627.14 | 42.24 | 45.24 | 0.93 | |
L Sec4 | 1661.00 | 1654.43 | 1655.53 | 1629.64 | 1627.14 | 24.79 | 28.39 | 0.87 |
1665.00 | 1658.33 | 1661.43 | 1630.35 | 1627.14 | 27.97 | 34.29 | 0.82 | |
1671.00 | 1659.30 | 1665.13 | 1630.53 | 1627.14 | 28.77 | 37.99 | 0.76 | |
1676.50 | 1669.54 | 1672.38 | 1632.41 | 1627.14 | 37.12 | 45.24 | 0.82 |
WL in reservoir | PH before Ch. D | PH after Ch. D | Change in PH | Eff | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Obs | Exp | Obs | Exp | Obs | Exp | ||
1661.00 | 1656.50 | 1635.52 | 1655.53 | 1626.6 | 20.98 | 28.92 | 0.73 |
1665.00 | 1660.58 | 1636.88 | 1661.43 | 1626.7 | 23.70 | 34.74 | 0.68 |
1671.00 | 1666.71 | 1638.24 | 1665.13 | 1626.8 | 28.47 | 38.32 | 0.74 |
1676.50 | 1672.33 | 1639.73 | 1672.38 | 1627 | 32.60 | 45.43 | 0.72 |