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1998 | Buch

Needs for Environmental Data Management Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Environmental Data Management

herausgegeben von: Nilgun B. Harmancioglu, Vijay P. Singh, M. Necdet Alpaslan

Verlag: Springer Netherlands

Buchreihe : Water Science and Technology Library

Enthalten in: Professional Book Archive

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Über dieses Buch

The diverse nature of environmental problems mankind has encountered within the last decade has developed a new understanding of the nature of environmental processes. Currently, the environment is considered as a continuum of air, soil and water as the vital components for sustaining life on earth. The interactive nature of these components requires that the environment is managed and protected as a cohesive whole. This can only be accomplished through an integrated approach to environmental management. Besides the concept of environmental continuum, prospects for sustainable development of natural resources and the recent recognition of global climate change impacts have also necessitated such an integrated approach to environmental management. Two basic tools for integrated management of the environment are modeling and environmental data. Both tools were available and valid in the past; however, the recent requirements for integrated environmental management have also led to a significant evolution of both modeling procedures and data management systems.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Needs for Environmental Data Management
Abstract
Within the last two decades, there has been a gradual change in our conceptualization of the environment. This change has occurred due to a parallel evolution in the nature and scale of environmental problems experienced. Until the second half of the 70’s, the majority of the problems we faced were of a local nature; thus, we could then be content with local solutions and remedies. In time, environmental pollution adopted a spatial nature, ranging from regional problems to the recent ones of a global nature.
N. B. Harmancioglu, M. N. Alpaslan, V. P. Singh
Chapter 2. Air Quality Modeling and Measurement
Abstract
Air quality modeling and measurement is a relatively new science with most of the concepts and theories having been developed over the past century and many of these over the past two decades. There have been many books and articles written on the topic. The following chapter by no stretch of the imagination is able to summarize all the knowledge on this subject. The authors therefore have attempted to provide the reader with an overview of some of the key concepts in modeling air quality and its measurement. The chapter starts out on the topic by looking at some of the fundamental atmospheric physics concepts associated with air quality modeling. This is followed by an overview of some of the important short range dispersion modeling approaches commonly in use today. The second half of the chapter is devoted to providing information on measurement methods and instrumentation typically used in support of air quality modeling.
G. C. Edwards, P. K. Misra
Chapter 3. Data Needs for Solid Waste Management
Abstract
The solution to all kinds of environmental problems requires informational support to be provided by observed data. This chapter focuses on methods of data collection for solid waste management, including supplementary information on the management process itself.
M. N. Alpaslan
Chapter 4. Water Quality Monitoring and Network Design
Abstract
In recent years, shortcomings of both the available data on water quality and the existing networks have led designers to focus more critically on the design procedures used. Within this respect, this chapter addresses the prevailing problems associated with water quality monitoring networks and discusses current attempts towards improvement of existing networks.
N. B. Harmancioglu, S. D. Ozkul, M. N. Alpaslan
Chapter 5. Risk in Water Quality Monitoring
Abstract
Any consideration of risk in water quality monitoring must be placed in a framework of the objectives defined for monitoring. Actual determination of risk is based upon the likelihood (probability) of events, e.g., missing a violation of an important water quality standard, and the consequences of those events. Risk in water quality monitoring is associated not only with different aspects of data collection but also with data processing and analysis to provide the required information. The following sections discuss the consideration of risk and reliability with respect to objectives of monitoring. Within this framework, various components of risk are assessed as they relate to data collection, processing, and analysis.
I. Goulter, A. Kusmulyono
Chapter 6. Environmental Data Management: Storage, Handling and Retrieval
Abstract
Environmental data management for any agency can be a daunting task given the large number of sample sites generally needed, and the wide variety of parameters for which analysis may be required. As a result, it is imperative that a computerized system be developed which facilitates rapid storage; efficient, accurate handling; and easy retrieval of a large volume of data. Environmental data management systems currently used by a variety of State and Federal agencies are briefly described to provide an overview of such systems. One system, developed by the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (LDEQ), Office of Water Resources, is described in detail. The LDEQ system provides for both regularly occurring water quality monitoring data, as well as special project data as required. While this system was designed specifically for water quality data, it may be easily adapted by other agencies which utilize a wide variety of environmental data.
A. E. Hindrichs
Chapter 7. Data Analysis
Abstract
This chapter considers the analysis of observed environmental data specifically in the case of water quality. Although data analysis procedures for air quality and solid waste properties may differ in the types of data they require and use (i.e., spatial and temporal frequencies, variables monitored, etc.), the basic approach remains the same as that used for analyzing water quality. Therefore, the approach described in the following sections may as well be used to investigate other environmental processes. The methods reviewed are the most common techniques employed in statistical data analyses. The emphasis here is on how these techniques perform in the case of messy water quality data with short sample sizes, missing values, and gaps within the series.
N. B. Harmancioglu, S. D. Ozkul, O. Fistikoglu
Chapter 8. Stochastic Environmental Modeling
Abstract
Alternative methodologies for use in examining the stochastic aspects of environmental modeling are examined. Some of the computational features and assumptions implicit in First-order analysis, Fokker-Planck equations, stochastic calculus and the probability density function/moment method are described.
E. McBean, K. Ponnambalam, W. Curi
Chapter 9. Modeling of Environmental Processes
Abstract
Modeling is the stage when data are transferred into information required for environmental management. Thus, it constitutes an essential component of the decision making process. In recent years, the adoption of integrated approaches to environmental management has also changed the way environmental models are structured and employed. A good example for this development is the case of hydrologie models which evolved from simple models simulating individual processes in a basin to the current comprehensive watershed models of an integrated nature. This chapter reviews the evolution of environmental models particularly for the case of hydrologie and watershed models. The currently used models are reviewed with respect to their purpose and content. Finally, the future of modeling is evaluated in consideration of current environmental problems and expected solutions.
N. B. Harmancioglu, O. Fistikoglu, V. P. Singh
Chapter 10. Decision Making for Environmental Management
Abstract
Modern technology has provided efficient tools such as advanced models, remote sensing and satellite imaging, GIS, and expert systems to facilitate decision making for environmental management. These tools are currently integrated to establish an environmental information system which permits testing and evaluating of alternative management scenarios. Thus, current decision making procedures are realized within a multimedia framework that is easily accessible by users at local or even global levels. The presented chapter summarizes these new developments along with difficulties of their implementation in developing countries.
N. B. Harmancioglu, O. Fistikoglu, S. D. Ozkul, M. N. Alpaslan
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Environmental Data Management
herausgegeben von
Nilgun B. Harmancioglu
Vijay P. Singh
M. Necdet Alpaslan
Copyright-Jahr
1998
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Electronic ISBN
978-94-015-9056-3
Print ISBN
978-90-481-4951-3
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9056-3