Buoyant Plume Rise Calculated by Lagrangian and Eulerian Modelling

Plumes emitted from stacks are usually buoyant due to temperature differences to the ambient air. Such buoyancy effects may influence strongly the turbulent mixing of the plume with the ambient air. This is essential for reactive plumes, because the mixing of compounds distributed in the ambient air and the plume determines the occurrence of reactions. Furthermore, changes in the turbulent mixing of plume and ambient flow may affect considerably the spatial patterns of the distribution of tracers and consequently their ground concentration.