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2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

11. Challenges and Prospects for the Nuclear Safety Regime in Japan and in the European Union After Fukushima

verfasst von : Kyoji Kawasaki, Ryoko Kusumi

Erschienen in: Contemporary Issues in Environmental Law

Verlag: Springer Japan

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Abstract

Nuclear safety falls under the scope of national sovereignty. In the historical course of nuclear technology department, several accidents and incidents have occurred and thus more efforts have been made to achieve a higher level of nuclear safety. Together with the IAEA Safety Standard and the relevant international conventions, such as the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident, the Convention on Assistance in the Cased of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, and the Convention on Nuclear Safety, a nuclear safety regime has been developed and elaborated at not only the national level, but the regional and international levels as well. On 11 March 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake of magnitude 9.0 and the subsequent tsunami was catastrophic to the region and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station. This chapter describes the challenges, developments and prospects for the nuclear safety regimes in Japan and in the European Union after the Fukushima event.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Environmental Damage Remediation in Japan: A Comparative Assessment

World Nuclear Association “Nuclear Power in the World Today” (Updated April 2014) http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Current-and-Future-Generation/Nuclear-Power-in-the-World-Today/

For a overall assessment on Nuclear Safety after Fulishima Daiichi Incident, see Reyners P (2013) and Kuney L (2014).

OECD/NEA “Nuclear Legislation in OECD and NEA Countries, Regulatory and Institutional Framework for Nuclear Activities – Japan,” 2011.

Nuclear Regulation Authority “Enforcement of the New Regulatory Requirements for Commercial Nuclear Power Reactors,” 8 July 2013.

Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management also entered into force for Japan on 24 November 2003. Japan’s actions according to the Joint Convention are found at Sakai H (2014), p.48.

“Summary Report of the 5th Review Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Convention on Nuclear Safety, 4–14 April 2011, Vienna, Austria,” 2011.

“Summary of the Second Extraordinary Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Convention of Nuclear Safety,” Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency, 4 September 2012.

Johnson PL (2013).

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Ibid.

“6th Review Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Convention on Nuclear Safety 24 March -4 April 2014, Vienna, Austria – Summary Report,” Vienna, 4 April 2014.

EUCO 10/11/REV 1, European Council 24/25 March 2011, Conclusions. pp 11–12.

On the EU regulatory framework for nuclear safety before and after Fukushima, see Álvarez-Verdugo M (2015). For an early assessment of the European reaction to the Fukushima incident, Raetzke C (2013).

http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/institutional_affairs/treaties/treaties_euratom_en.htm

EUCO 10/11/REV 1, European Council 24/25 March 2011, Conclusions. pp 11–12.

COUNSIL DIRECTIVE 2014/87/EURATOM of 8 July 2014 amending Directive 2009/71/Euratom establishing a Community framework for the nuclear safety of nuclear installations.

http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/nuclear-energy/nuclear-safety

Nakanishi Y (2014) p.98.

EUCO 10/11/REV 1, European Council 24/25 March 2011, Conclusions. page 11–12.

http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/nuclear-energy/nuclear-safety/stress-tests

COM (2012) 571: COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT on the comprehensive risk and safety assessments (“stress tests”) of nuclear power plants in the European Union and related activities.

http://www.ensreg.eu/EU%20Stress%20Tests/International%20outreach

Commission Decision 1999/819/Euratom of 16 November 1999 concerning the accession to the 1994 Convention on Nuclear Safety by the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), OJ. L 318, 11.12.1999. p/20/.

CNS/DC/2015/2/Rev.1, 9 February 2015 “Diplomatic Conference to consider a proposal to amend the Convention on Nuclear Safety – Vienna Declaration on Nuclear Safety on principles for the implementation of the objective of the Convention on Nuclear Safety to prevent accidents and mitigate radiological consequences”.

Álvarez-Verdugo M (2015) The EU ‘Stress Tests’: the basis for a new regulatory framework for nuclear safety. Eur Law J 21(2):161–179CrossRef

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Nakanishi Y (2014) Chapter 5, nuclear safety rules in EU/EURATOM-changes of EU nuclear energy policy and amendment of the directive after Fukushima accident-. Domestic implimentation of international agreements on nuclear safety : report of the team examining domestic implementation methods of international energy agreements 2010–2012). Japan Energy Law Institute, Aug 2014 (In Janapese). http://www.jeli.gr.jp/report/jeli-R-131@2014_08_Convention%20on%20Nuclear%20Safety%20and%20Executing.pdf

Raetzke C (2013) The European reaction to the Fukushima incident: international conference “Nuclear Safety after Fukushima: From European and Japanese Perspectives” Tokyo, 22 Dec 2011, EUSI Working Paper Series L-2013-01, p 1–12

Reyners P (2013) A new world governance for nuclear safety after Fukushima. Int J Nucl Law 4(1):63–77CrossRef

Sakai H (2014) Chapter 3, nuclear safety and peer review system. Domestic implimentation of international agreements on nuclear safety : report of the team examining domestic implementation methods of international energy agreements 2010–2012), Japan Energy Law Institute, Aug 2014 (In Janapese)

Titel: Challenges and Prospects for the Nuclear Safety Regime in Japan and in the European Union After Fukushima
verfasst von: Kyoji Kawasaki
Ryoko Kusumi
Verlag: Springer Japan
Buch: Contemporary Issues in Environmental Law
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-55434-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-4-431-55435-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55435-6_11

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