Skip to main content

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. China and the Twenty-First-Century Silk Roads: A New Era of Global Economic Leadership?

verfasst von : Francis Schortgen

Erschienen in: China's Belt and Road Initiative

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Amid heightened uncertainty in the wake of Washington’s withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership in early 2017, China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is drawing increased attention and scrutiny. Xi Jinping’s defense of economic globalization at the 2017 World Economic Forum meeting and China’s hosting of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation in May 2017 attest to Beijing’s growing determination to assume an increased global economic leadership role. Against the backdrop of China’s call for a “new great power relationship” with the United States and its quest for “national rejuvenation,” Chap. 2 outlines how and to what extent the BRI might herald the emergence of a new global economic order. Is it reflective of a new era of geoeconomics or is it merely a disguise for a deeper geostrategic move?

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
It is a widely accepted fact that there is no actual Chinese expression that literally translates into this widely quoted English expression. The closest Chinese approximation—Níng wèi tàipíng quǎn mò zuò luànlí rén (宁为太平犬莫做乱离人), translated as “Better to be a dog in a peaceful time than to be a human in a chaotic (warring) period”—is traced to Stories to Awaken the World (醒世恆言, Xǐng shì héng yán), a collection of stories published by Feng Menglong in 1627.
 
2
Having originally used the term “peaceful rise” (和平崛起, hépíng juéqǐ), the Chinese authorities subsequently opted for “peaceful development” (和平发展, hépíng fāzhǎn) as a way of deflecting concerns about the comparatively more aggressive and assertive connotation of the term “rise” and reassuring other nations of Chinese intent to emerge peacefully and integrate into the existing international order.
 
3
According to a 2017 Brookings Institution study, the global middle class will increase by 160 million people per year for the next five years. By 2028, the global middle class is expected to reach 5.2 billion (up from 3.2 billion in 2016, and a projected 4.2 billion in 2022). Based on this upward growth trajectory, the study projects that by 2020 the majority of the global population will, for the first time in history, be part of the global middle class, which is expected to increase its annual spending (in real terms) from US$35 trillion to US$64 trillion by 2030, accounting for a whopping one-third of the global economy. For more details, see Kharas (2017).
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Acharya, Amitav. 2014. The End of American World Order. Cambridge: Polity Press. Acharya, Amitav. 2014. The End of American World Order. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Blackwill, Robert D., and Jennifer M. Harris. 2016. War by Other Means: Geoeconomics and Statecraft. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.CrossRef Blackwill, Robert D., and Jennifer M. Harris. 2016. War by Other Means: Geoeconomics and Statecraft. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bremmer, Ian. 2012. Every Nation for Itself: Winners and Losers in a G-Zero World. New York: Portfolio. Bremmer, Ian. 2012. Every Nation for Itself: Winners and Losers in a G-Zero World. New York: Portfolio.
Zurück zum Zitat Breslin, Shaun. 2011. The ‘China Model’ and the Global Crisis: From Friedrich List to a Chinese Mode of Governance? International Affairs 87: 1323–1343.CrossRef Breslin, Shaun. 2011. The ‘China Model’ and the Global Crisis: From Friedrich List to a Chinese Mode of Governance? International Affairs 87: 1323–1343.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brzezinski, Zbigniew. 2005. The Choice: Global Domination or Global Leadership. New York: Basic Books. Brzezinski, Zbigniew. 2005. The Choice: Global Domination or Global Leadership. New York: Basic Books.
Zurück zum Zitat Buzan, Barry. 2010. China in International Society: Is ‘Peaceful Rise’ Possible? The Chinese Journal of International Politics 3: 5–36.CrossRef Buzan, Barry. 2010. China in International Society: Is ‘Peaceful Rise’ Possible? The Chinese Journal of International Politics 3: 5–36.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chan, Lai-Ha, Pak K. Lee, and Gerald Chan. 2008. Rethinking Global Governance: A China Model in the Making? Contemporary Politics 14: 3–19.CrossRef Chan, Lai-Ha, Pak K. Lee, and Gerald Chan. 2008. Rethinking Global Governance: A China Model in the Making? Contemporary Politics 14: 3–19.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chen, Dingding, and Jianwei Wang. 2011. Lying Low No More? China’s New Thinking on the Tao Guang Yang Hui Strategy. China: An International Journal 9: 195–216. Chen, Dingding, and Jianwei Wang. 2011. Lying Low No More? China’s New Thinking on the Tao Guang Yang Hui Strategy. China: An International Journal 9: 195–216.
Zurück zum Zitat Christensen, Thomas J. 2015. The China Challenge: Shaping the Choices of a Rising Power. New York: W. W. Norton. Christensen, Thomas J. 2015. The China Challenge: Shaping the Choices of a Rising Power. New York: W. W. Norton.
Zurück zum Zitat Clegg, Jenny. 2009. China’s Global Strategy: Towards a Multipolar World. New York: Pluto Press. Clegg, Jenny. 2009. China’s Global Strategy: Towards a Multipolar World. New York: Pluto Press.
Zurück zum Zitat DeLisle, Jacques, and Avery Goldstein, eds. 2017. China’s Global Engagement: Cooperation, Competition, and Influence in the 21st Century. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. DeLisle, Jacques, and Avery Goldstein, eds. 2017. China’s Global Engagement: Cooperation, Competition, and Influence in the 21st Century. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Deng, Yong. 2008. China’s Struggle for Status: The Realignment of International Relations. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Deng, Yong. 2008. China’s Struggle for Status: The Realignment of International Relations. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Deng, Yong, and Thomas G. Moore. 2004. China Views Globalization: Toward a New Great-Power Politics? The Washington Quarterly 27: 115–136.CrossRef Deng, Yong, and Thomas G. Moore. 2004. China Views Globalization: Toward a New Great-Power Politics? The Washington Quarterly 27: 115–136.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Feng, Huiyun. 2009. Is China a Revisionist Power? Chinese Journal of International Politics 2: 313–334.CrossRef Feng, Huiyun. 2009. Is China a Revisionist Power? Chinese Journal of International Politics 2: 313–334.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat French, Howard W. 2017. Everything Under the Heavens: How the Past Helps Shape China’s Push for Global Power. New York: Knopf. French, Howard W. 2017. Everything Under the Heavens: How the Past Helps Shape China’s Push for Global Power. New York: Knopf.
Zurück zum Zitat Halper, Stefan. 2010. The Beijing Consensus: How China’s Authoritarian Model Will Dominate the Twenty-First Century. New York: Basic Books. Halper, Stefan. 2010. The Beijing Consensus: How China’s Authoritarian Model Will Dominate the Twenty-First Century. New York: Basic Books.
Zurück zum Zitat Holmes, James R., and Toshi Yoshihara. 2008. Chinese Naval Strategy in the 21st Century: The Turn to Mahan. New York: Routledge. Holmes, James R., and Toshi Yoshihara. 2008. Chinese Naval Strategy in the 21st Century: The Turn to Mahan. New York: Routledge.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacques, Martin. 2009. When China Rules the World: The End of the Western World and the Birth of a New Global Order. New York: Penguin. Jacques, Martin. 2009. When China Rules the World: The End of the Western World and the Birth of a New Global Order. New York: Penguin.
Zurück zum Zitat Jia, Qingguo. 2005. Peaceful Development: China’s Policy of Reassurance. Australian Journal of International Affairs 59: 493–507.CrossRef Jia, Qingguo. 2005. Peaceful Development: China’s Policy of Reassurance. Australian Journal of International Affairs 59: 493–507.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Johnston, Alastair Iain. 2003. Is China a Status Quo Power? International Security 27: 5–56.CrossRef Johnston, Alastair Iain. 2003. Is China a Status Quo Power? International Security 27: 5–56.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat ———. 2013. How New and Assertive is China’s New Assertiveness? International Security 37: 7–48.CrossRef ———. 2013. How New and Assertive is China’s New Assertiveness? International Security 37: 7–48.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kirton, John J. 2016. China’s G20 Leadership. New York: Routledge. Kirton, John J. 2016. China’s G20 Leadership. New York: Routledge.
Zurück zum Zitat Kupchan, Charles. 2002. The End of the American Era: US Foreign Policy and the Geopolitics of the Twenty-First Century. New York: Knopf. Kupchan, Charles. 2002. The End of the American Era: US Foreign Policy and the Geopolitics of the Twenty-First Century. New York: Knopf.
Zurück zum Zitat Lanteigne, Marc. 2005. China and International Institutions: Alternate Paths to Global Power. New York: Routledge. Lanteigne, Marc. 2005. China and International Institutions: Alternate Paths to Global Power. New York: Routledge.
Zurück zum Zitat Mackinder, Halford J. 1904. The Geographical Pivot of History. The Geographical Journal 23: 421–437.CrossRef Mackinder, Halford J. 1904. The Geographical Pivot of History. The Geographical Journal 23: 421–437.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat ———. 1919 1962. Democratic Ideals and Reality: A Study in the Politics of Reconstruction. New York: W. W. Norton. ———. 1919 1962. Democratic Ideals and Reality: A Study in the Politics of Reconstruction. New York: W. W. Norton.
Zurück zum Zitat Mahbubani, Kishore. 2008. The New Asian Hemisphere: The Irresistible Shift of Global Power to the East. New York: Public Affairs. Mahbubani, Kishore. 2008. The New Asian Hemisphere: The Irresistible Shift of Global Power to the East. New York: Public Affairs.
Zurück zum Zitat Mason, David S. 2010. The End of the American Century. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. Mason, David S. 2010. The End of the American Century. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Zurück zum Zitat Mead, Walter Russell. 2014. The Return of Geopolitics: The Revenge of Revisionist Powers. Foreign Affairs 93: 69–79. Mead, Walter Russell. 2014. The Return of Geopolitics: The Revenge of Revisionist Powers. Foreign Affairs 93: 69–79.
Zurück zum Zitat Mearsheimer, John J. 2006. China’s Unpeaceful Rise. Current History 105: 160–162. Mearsheimer, John J. 2006. China’s Unpeaceful Rise. Current History 105: 160–162.
Zurück zum Zitat Medeiros, Evan S. 2009. Is Beijing Ready for Global Leadership? Current History 108: 250–256. Medeiros, Evan S. 2009. Is Beijing Ready for Global Leadership? Current History 108: 250–256.
Zurück zum Zitat Medeiros, Evan S., and M. Taylor Fravel. 2003. China’s New Diplomacy. Foreign Affairs 82: 22–35.CrossRef Medeiros, Evan S., and M. Taylor Fravel. 2003. China’s New Diplomacy. Foreign Affairs 82: 22–35.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Norris, William J. 2016. Chinese Economic Statecraft: Commercial Actors, Grand Strategy, and State Control. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Norris, William J. 2016. Chinese Economic Statecraft: Commercial Actors, Grand Strategy, and State Control. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Overholt, William H., Guonan Ma, and Cheung Kwok Law. 2015. Renminbi Rising: A New Global Monetary System Emerges. Hoboken: Wiley. Overholt, William H., Guonan Ma, and Cheung Kwok Law. 2015. Renminbi Rising: A New Global Monetary System Emerges. Hoboken: Wiley.
Zurück zum Zitat Panzner, Michael J. 2009. When Giants Fall: An Economic Roadmap for the End of the American Era. Hoboken: Wiley. Panzner, Michael J. 2009. When Giants Fall: An Economic Roadmap for the End of the American Era. Hoboken: Wiley.
Zurück zum Zitat Quinlan, Joseph P. 2011. The Last Economic Superpower: The Retreat of Globalization, the End of American Dominance, and What We can Do About It. New York: McGraw-Hill. Quinlan, Joseph P. 2011. The Last Economic Superpower: The Retreat of Globalization, the End of American Dominance, and What We can Do About It. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Zurück zum Zitat Rachman, Gideon. 2016. Easternization: Asia’s Rise and America’s Decline from Obama to Trump and Beyond. New York: Other Press. Rachman, Gideon. 2016. Easternization: Asia’s Rise and America’s Decline from Obama to Trump and Beyond. New York: Other Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Roland, Nadège. 2017. China’s Eurasian Century? Political and Strategic Implications of the Belt and Road Initiative. Washington, DC: National Bureau of Asian Research. Roland, Nadège. 2017. China’s Eurasian Century? Political and Strategic Implications of the Belt and Road Initiative. Washington, DC: National Bureau of Asian Research.
Zurück zum Zitat Schortgen, Francis. 2017. Geostrategic Economics in the 21st Century: China, America and the Trans-Pacific Partnership. In Advances in Geoeconomics, ed. J. Mark Munoz, 123–131. New York: Routledge. Schortgen, Francis. 2017. Geostrategic Economics in the 21st Century: China, America and the Trans-Pacific Partnership. In Advances in Geoeconomics, ed. J. Mark Munoz, 123–131. New York: Routledge.
Zurück zum Zitat Shambaugh, David L. 2013. China Goes Global: The Partial Power. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Shambaugh, David L. 2013. China Goes Global: The Partial Power. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Spykman, Nicholas J. 1944. The Geography of Peace. New York: Harcourt & Brace. Spykman, Nicholas J. 1944. The Geography of Peace. New York: Harcourt & Brace.
Zurück zum Zitat Suominen, Kati. 2012. Peerless and Periled: The Paradox of American Leadership in the World Economic Order. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. Suominen, Kati. 2012. Peerless and Periled: The Paradox of American Leadership in the World Economic Order. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Thayer, Carlyle A. 2011. China’s New Wave of Aggressive Assertiveness in the South China Sea. International Journal of China Studies 2: 555–583. Thayer, Carlyle A. 2011. China’s New Wave of Aggressive Assertiveness in the South China Sea. International Journal of China Studies 2: 555–583.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang, Zheng. 2012. Never Forget National Humiliation: Historical Memory in Chinese Politics and Foreign Relations. New York: Columbia University Press. Wang, Zheng. 2012. Never Forget National Humiliation: Historical Memory in Chinese Politics and Foreign Relations. New York: Columbia University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Williamson, John. 2012. Is the ‘Beijing Consensus’ Now Dominant? Asia Policy 13: 1–16.CrossRef Williamson, John. 2012. Is the ‘Beijing Consensus’ Now Dominant? Asia Policy 13: 1–16.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wu, Guoguang, and Helen Lansdowne. 2008. China Turns to Multilateralism: Foreign Policy and Regional Security. New York: Routledge. Wu, Guoguang, and Helen Lansdowne. 2008. China Turns to Multilateralism: Foreign Policy and Regional Security. New York: Routledge.
Zurück zum Zitat Xiang, Lanxin. 2004. China’s Eurasian Experiment. Survival 46: 109–119.CrossRef Xiang, Lanxin. 2004. China’s Eurasian Experiment. Survival 46: 109–119.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Xu, Qi. 2006. Maritime Geostrategy and the Development of the Chinese Navy in the Early Twenty-First Century. Naval War College Review 59: 47–67. Xu, Qi. 2006. Maritime Geostrategy and the Development of the Chinese Navy in the Early Twenty-First Century. Naval War College Review 59: 47–67.
Zurück zum Zitat Yu, Hong. 2017. Motivation Behind China’s ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiatives and Establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. Journal of Contemporary China 26: 353–368.CrossRef Yu, Hong. 2017. Motivation Behind China’s ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiatives and Establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. Journal of Contemporary China 26: 353–368.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yue, Jianyong. 2008. Peaceful Rise of China: Myth or Reality? International Politics 45: 439–456.CrossRef Yue, Jianyong. 2008. Peaceful Rise of China: Myth or Reality? International Politics 45: 439–456.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zeng, Jinghan. 2016. Constructing a ‘New Type of Great Power Relations’: The State of Debate in China (1998–2014). The British Journal of Politics and International Relations 18: 422–442.CrossRef Zeng, Jinghan. 2016. Constructing a ‘New Type of Great Power Relations’: The State of Debate in China (1998–2014). The British Journal of Politics and International Relations 18: 422–442.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zeng, Jinghan, and Shaun Breslin. 2016. China’s ‘New Type of Great Power Relations’: A G2 with Chinese Characteristics? International Affairs 92: 773–794.CrossRef Zeng, Jinghan, and Shaun Breslin. 2016. China’s ‘New Type of Great Power Relations’: A G2 with Chinese Characteristics? International Affairs 92: 773–794.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, Feng. 2012. Rethinking China’s Grand Strategy: Beijing’s Evolving National Interests and Strategic Ideas in the Reform Era. International Politics 49: 318–345.CrossRef Zhang, Feng. 2012. Rethinking China’s Grand Strategy: Beijing’s Evolving National Interests and Strategic Ideas in the Reform Era. International Politics 49: 318–345.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhao, Suisheng. 2010. The China Model: Can it Replace the Western Model of Modernization? Journal of Contemporary China 19: 419–436.CrossRef Zhao, Suisheng. 2010. The China Model: Can it Replace the Western Model of Modernization? Journal of Contemporary China 19: 419–436.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
China and the Twenty-First-Century Silk Roads: A New Era of Global Economic Leadership?
verfasst von
Francis Schortgen
Copyright-Jahr
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75435-2_2

Premium Partner