Skip to main content

2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. Chinese Loess and the East Asian Monsoon

verfasst von : Zhisheng An, Youbin Sun, Weijian Zhou, Weiguo Liu, Xiaoke Qiang, Xulong Wang, Feng Xian, Peng Cheng, George S. Burr

Erschienen in: Late Cenozoic Climate Change in Asia

Verlag: Springer Netherlands

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This chapter offers a comprehensive review of loess studies on the Loess Plateau, and how they provide evidence for past monsoon variability. The chronological framework that has been established for the Loess Plateau with the use of multiple chronometers is explained in detail. Sedimentological, paleomagnetic and geochemical climate proxies are also discussed, and the history,variability and dynamics of the paleomonsoon is described at tectonic, orbital and millennial time scales.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat An Z, Lu Y (1984) A climatostratigraphic subdivision of Late Pleistocene strata named by Malan formation in North China. Kexue Tongbao 29:1239–1241 An Z, Lu Y (1984) A climatostratigraphic subdivision of Late Pleistocene strata named by Malan formation in North China. Kexue Tongbao 29:1239–1241
Zurück zum Zitat An ZS (2000) The history and variability of the East Asian paleomonsoon climate. Quaternary Sci Rev 19(1-5):171–187 An ZS (2000) The history and variability of the East Asian paleomonsoon climate. Quaternary Sci Rev 19(1-5):171–187
Zurück zum Zitat An ZS, Colman SM, Zhou WJ, Li XQ, Brown ET, Jull AJT, Cai YJ, Huang YS, Lu XF, Chang H, Song YG, Sun YB, Xu H, Liu WG, Jin ZD, Liu XD, Cheng P, Liu Y, Ai L, Li XZ, Liu XJ, Yan LB, Shi ZG, Wang XL, Wu F, Qiang XK, Dong JB, Lu FY, Xu XW (2012) Interplay between the Westerlies and Asian monsoon recorded in Lake Qinghai sediments since 32 ka. Sci Rep-Uk 2:619. doi:10.1038/Srep00619 An ZS, Colman SM, Zhou WJ, Li XQ, Brown ET, Jull AJT, Cai YJ, Huang YS, Lu XF, Chang H, Song YG, Sun YB, Xu H, Liu WG, Jin ZD, Liu XD, Cheng P, Liu Y, Ai L, Li XZ, Liu XJ, Yan LB, Shi ZG, Wang XL, Wu F, Qiang XK, Dong JB, Lu FY, Xu XW (2012) Interplay between the Westerlies and Asian monsoon recorded in Lake Qinghai sediments since 32 ka. Sci Rep-Uk 2:619. doi:10.1038/Srep00619
Zurück zum Zitat An ZS, Huang YS, Liu WG, Guo ZT, Clemens S, Li L, Prell W, Ning YF, Cai YJ, Zhou WJ, Lin BH, Zhang QL, Cao YN, Qiang XK, Chang H, Wu ZK (2005) Multiple expansions of C4 plant biomass in East Asia since 7 Ma coupled with strengthened monsoon circulation. Geology 33:705–708 An ZS, Huang YS, Liu WG, Guo ZT, Clemens S, Li L, Prell W, Ning YF, Cai YJ, Zhou WJ, Lin BH, Zhang QL, Cao YN, Qiang XK, Chang H, Wu ZK (2005) Multiple expansions of C4 plant biomass in East Asia since 7 Ma coupled with strengthened monsoon circulation. Geology 33:705–708
Zurück zum Zitat An ZS, Kukla G, Porter SC, Xiao JL (1991a) Late Quaternary Dust Flow on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Catena 18(2):125–132 An ZS, Kukla G, Porter SC, Xiao JL (1991a) Late Quaternary Dust Flow on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Catena 18(2):125–132
Zurück zum Zitat An ZS, Kukla GJ, Porter SC, Xiao JL (1991b) Magnetic-susceptibility evidence of monsoon variation on the Loess Plateau of central China during the Last 130,000 Years. Quatern Res 36 (1):29–36. doi:10.1016/0033-5894(91)90015-W An ZS, Kukla GJ, Porter SC, Xiao JL (1991b) Magnetic-susceptibility evidence of monsoon variation on the Loess Plateau of central China during the Last 130,000 Years. Quatern Res 36 (1):29–36. doi:10.1016/0033-5894(91)90015-W
Zurück zum Zitat An ZS, Kutzbach JE, Prell WL, Porter SC (2001) Evolution of Asian monsoons and phased uplift of the Himalaya-Tibetan plateau since Late Miocene times. Nature 411(6833):62–66. doi:10.1038/35075035 An ZS, Kutzbach JE, Prell WL, Porter SC (2001) Evolution of Asian monsoons and phased uplift of the Himalaya-Tibetan plateau since Late Miocene times. Nature 411(6833):62–66. doi:10.1038/35075035
Zurück zum Zitat An ZS, Liu TS, Lu YC, Porter SC, Kukla G HWX, Hua YM (1990) The long-term paleomonsoon variation recorded by the loess-paleosol sequence in central China. Quatern Int 718:91–95 An ZS, Liu TS, Lu YC, Porter SC, Kukla G HWX, Hua YM (1990) The long-term paleomonsoon variation recorded by the loess-paleosol sequence in central China. Quatern Int 718:91–95
Zurück zum Zitat An ZS, Porter SC, Kutzbach JE, Wu XH, Wang SM, Liu XD, Li XQ, Zhou WJ (2000a) asynchronous holocene optimum of the east Asian monsoon. Quaternary Sci Rev 19(8):743–762 An ZS, Porter SC, Kutzbach JE, Wu XH, Wang SM, Liu XD, Li XQ, Zhou WJ (2000a) asynchronous holocene optimum of the east Asian monsoon. Quaternary Sci Rev 19(8):743–762
Zurück zum Zitat An ZS, Sun D, Chen M, Sun Y, Li L, Chen B (2000b) Red clay sequences in Chinese Loess Plateau and recorded paleoclimate events of the Late Tertiary. Quat Sci 20(5):435–446 An ZS, Sun D, Chen M, Sun Y, Li L, Chen B (2000b) Red clay sequences in Chinese Loess Plateau and recorded paleoclimate events of the Late Tertiary. Quat Sci 20(5):435–446
Zurück zum Zitat An ZS, Sun DH (1995) Discussion on the Monsoon variation over the loess plateau in the last glacial cycle. In: China contribution to global change. Beijing Science Press, Beijing An ZS, Sun DH (1995) Discussion on the Monsoon variation over the loess plateau in the last glacial cycle. In: China contribution to global change. Beijing Science Press, Beijing
Zurück zum Zitat An ZS, Wang JD, Li HM (1977) Paleomagnetic research of the Luochuan loess section. Geochimica 4:239–249 An ZS, Wang JD, Li HM (1977) Paleomagnetic research of the Luochuan loess section. Geochimica 4:239–249
Zurück zum Zitat An ZS, Wang SM, Wu XH, Chen MY, Sun DH, Liu XM, Wang FB, Li L, Sun YB, Zhou WJ, Zhou J, Liu XD, Lu HY, Zhang YX, Dong GG, Qiang XK (1999) Eolian evidence from the Chinese Loess Plateau: the onset of the Late Cenozoic Great Glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere and Qinghai-Xizang Plateau uplift forcing. Sci China Ser D 42(3):258–271 An ZS, Wang SM, Wu XH, Chen MY, Sun DH, Liu XM, Wang FB, Li L, Sun YB, Zhou WJ, Zhou J, Liu XD, Lu HY, Zhang YX, Dong GG, Qiang XK (1999) Eolian evidence from the Chinese Loess Plateau: the onset of the Late Cenozoic Great Glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere and Qinghai-Xizang Plateau uplift forcing. Sci China Ser D 42(3):258–271
Zurück zum Zitat An ZS, Wei LY (1980) The fifth paleosol in the Lishi Loess and its paleoclimatic significance. Acta Pedol Sin 1:1–12 An ZS, Wei LY (1980) The fifth paleosol in the Lishi Loess and its paleoclimatic significance. Acta Pedol Sin 1:1–12
Zurück zum Zitat An ZS, Zhang PZ, Wang EQ, Wang SM, Qiang XK, Li L, Song YG, Chang H, Liu XD, Zhou WJ, Liu WG, Cao JJ, Li XQ, Shen J, Liu Y, Ai L (2006) Changes of the monsoon-arid environment in China and geowth of the Tibetan Plateau since the Miocene. Quat Sci 26:678–693 An ZS, Zhang PZ, Wang EQ, Wang SM, Qiang XK, Li L, Song YG, Chang H, Liu XD, Zhou WJ, Liu WG, Cao JJ, Li XQ, Shen J, Liu Y, Ai L (2006) Changes of the monsoon-arid environment in China and geowth of the Tibetan Plateau since the Miocene. Quat Sci 26:678–693
Zurück zum Zitat Andersen N, Paul HA, Bernasconi SM, McKenzie JA, Behrens A, Schaeffer P, Albrecht P (2001) Large and rapid climate variability during the Messinian salinity crisis: Evidence from deuterium concentrations of individual biomarkers. Geology 29(9):799–802 Andersen N, Paul HA, Bernasconi SM, McKenzie JA, Behrens A, Schaeffer P, Albrecht P (2001) Large and rapid climate variability during the Messinian salinity crisis: Evidence from deuterium concentrations of individual biomarkers. Geology 29(9):799–802
Zurück zum Zitat Andersson JG (1923) Essays on the Cenozoic of northern China. Mem Geol Surv China. Ser A 3:1–152 Andersson JG (1923) Essays on the Cenozoic of northern China. Mem Geol Surv China. Ser A 3:1–152
Zurück zum Zitat Balsam W, Ji J, Chen J (2004) Climatic interpretation of the Luochuan and Lingtai loess sections, China, based on changing iron oxide mineralogy and magnetic susceptibility. Earth Planet Sci Lett 223(3-4):335–348 Balsam W, Ji J, Chen J (2004) Climatic interpretation of the Luochuan and Lingtai loess sections, China, based on changing iron oxide mineralogy and magnetic susceptibility. Earth Planet Sci Lett 223(3-4):335–348
Zurück zum Zitat Banerjee D, Murray AS, Bøtter-Jensen L, Lang A (2001) Equivalent dose estimation using a single aliquot of polymineral fine grains. Radiat Meas 33 (1):73–94. doi:10.1016/s1350-4487(00)00101-3 Banerjee D, Murray AS, Bøtter-Jensen L, Lang A (2001) Equivalent dose estimation using a single aliquot of polymineral fine grains. Radiat Meas 33 (1):73–94. doi:10.1016/s1350-4487(00)00101-3
Zurück zum Zitat Baumgartner S, Beer J, Wagner G, Kubik P, Suter M, Raisbeck GM, Yiou F (1997) 10Be and dust. Nucl Instrum Meth B 123 (1-4):296–301. doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(96)00751-3 Baumgartner S, Beer J, Wagner G, Kubik P, Suter M, Raisbeck GM, Yiou F (1997) 10Be and dust. Nucl Instrum Meth B 123 (1-4):296–301. doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(96)00751-3
Zurück zum Zitat Beer J, Shen C, Heller F, Liu T, Bonani G, Beate D, Suter M, Kubik PW (1993) 10Be and magnetic susceptibility in Chinese loess. Geophys Res Lett 20(1):57–60. doi:10.1029/92gl02676 Beer J, Shen C, Heller F, Liu T, Bonani G, Beate D, Suter M, Kubik PW (1993) 10Be and magnetic susceptibility in Chinese loess. Geophys Res Lett 20(1):57–60. doi:10.1029/92gl02676
Zurück zum Zitat Berger A, Loutre MF (1991) Insolation values for the climate of the last 10 million years. Quat Sci Rev 10 (4):297–317. doi:10.1016/0277-3791(91)90033-q Berger A, Loutre MF (1991) Insolation values for the climate of the last 10 million years. Quat Sci Rev 10 (4):297–317. doi:10.1016/0277-3791(91)90033-q
Zurück zum Zitat Bi XH, Sheng GY, Liu XH, Li C, Fu JM (2005) Molecular and carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition of n-alkanes in plant leaf waxes. Org Geochem 36(10):1405–1417. doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.06.001 Bi XH, Sheng GY, Liu XH, Li C, Fu JM (2005) Molecular and carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition of n-alkanes in plant leaf waxes. Org Geochem 36(10):1405–1417. doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.06.001
Zurück zum Zitat Bloemendal J, Liu XM, Rolph TC (1995) Correlation of the magnetic susceptibility stratigraphy of Chinese loess and the marine oxygen isotope record: chronological and palaeoclimatic implications. Earth Planet Sci Lett 131 (3-4):371–380. doi:10.1016/0012-821x(95)00016-6 Bloemendal J, Liu XM, Rolph TC (1995) Correlation of the magnetic susceptibility stratigraphy of Chinese loess and the marine oxygen isotope record: chronological and palaeoclimatic implications. Earth Planet Sci Lett 131 (3-4):371–380. doi:10.1016/0012-821x(95)00016-6
Zurück zum Zitat Bronger A, Heinkele T (1989) Micromorphology and genesis of paleosols in the luochuan Loess Section, China - pedostratigraphic and environmental implications. Geoderma 45 (2):123–143. doi:10.1016/0016-7061(89)90046-3 Bronger A, Heinkele T (1989) Micromorphology and genesis of paleosols in the luochuan Loess Section, China - pedostratigraphic and environmental implications. Geoderma 45 (2):123–143. doi:10.1016/0016-7061(89)90046-3
Zurück zum Zitat Burbank DW, Li JJ (1985) Age and paleoclimatic significance of the loess of lanzhou, North China. Nature 316(6027):429–431. doi:10.1038/316429a0 Burbank DW, Li JJ (1985) Age and paleoclimatic significance of the loess of lanzhou, North China. Nature 316(6027):429–431. doi:10.1038/316429a0
Zurück zum Zitat Burgoyne TW, Hayes JM (1998) Quantitative production of H2 by pyrolysis of gas chromatographic effluents. Anal Chem 70(24):5136–5141. doi:10.1021/ac980248v Burgoyne TW, Hayes JM (1998) Quantitative production of H2 by pyrolysis of gas chromatographic effluents. Anal Chem 70(24):5136–5141. doi:10.1021/ac980248v
Zurück zum Zitat Buylaert JP, Murray AS, Vandenberghe D, Vriend M, De Corte F, Van den haute P (2008) Optical dating of Chinese loess using sand-sized quartz: Establishing a time frame for Late Pleistocene climate changes in the western part of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Quat Geochronol 3(1-2):99–113. doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2007.05.003 Buylaert JP, Murray AS, Vandenberghe D, Vriend M, De Corte F, Van den haute P (2008) Optical dating of Chinese loess using sand-sized quartz: Establishing a time frame for Late Pleistocene climate changes in the western part of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Quat Geochronol 3(1-2):99–113. doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2007.05.003
Zurück zum Zitat Cande SC, Kent DV (1995) Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity timescale for the late Cretaceous and Cenozoic. J Geophys Res 100:6093–6095 Cande SC, Kent DV (1995) Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity timescale for the late Cretaceous and Cenozoic. J Geophys Res 100:6093–6095
Zurück zum Zitat Cerling T, Quade J, Yang W, Bowman J (1989) soil and paleosol as ecologic and paleoecologic indicators. Nature 341:138–139 Cerling T, Quade J, Yang W, Bowman J (1989) soil and paleosol as ecologic and paleoecologic indicators. Nature 341:138–139
Zurück zum Zitat Cerling TE (1984) The stable isotopic composition of modern soil carbonate and its relationship to climate. Earth Planet Sci Lett 71(2):229–240 Cerling TE (1984) The stable isotopic composition of modern soil carbonate and its relationship to climate. Earth Planet Sci Lett 71(2):229–240
Zurück zum Zitat Cerling TE (1999) Stable carbon isotopes in palaeosol carbonates. In: Special publication of the international association of sedimentologists 27:pp 43–60 Cerling TE (1999) Stable carbon isotopes in palaeosol carbonates. In: Special publication of the international association of sedimentologists 27:pp 43–60
Zurück zum Zitat Cerling TE, Harris JM, MacFadden BJ, Leakey MG, Quade J, Eisenmann V, Ehleringer JR (1997) Global vegetation change through the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. Nature 389(6647):153–158. doi:10.1038/38229 Cerling TE, Harris JM, MacFadden BJ, Leakey MG, Quade J, Eisenmann V, Ehleringer JR (1997) Global vegetation change through the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. Nature 389(6647):153–158. doi:10.1038/38229
Zurück zum Zitat Channell JET, Stoner JS, Hodell DA, Charles CD (2000) Geomagnetic paleointensity for the last 100 kyr from the sub-antarctic South Atlantic: a tool for inter-hemispheric correlation. Earth Planet Sci Lett 175 (1–2):145–160. doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(99)00285-x Channell JET, Stoner JS, Hodell DA, Charles CD (2000) Geomagnetic paleointensity for the last 100 kyr from the sub-antarctic South Atlantic: a tool for inter-hemispheric correlation. Earth Planet Sci Lett 175 (1–2):145–160. doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(99)00285-x
Zurück zum Zitat Channell JET, Xuan C, Hodell DA (2009) Stacking paleointensity and oxygen isotope data for the last 1.5 Myr (PISO-1500). Earth Planet Sci Lett 283(1–4):14–23. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.03.012 Channell JET, Xuan C, Hodell DA (2009) Stacking paleointensity and oxygen isotope data for the last 1.5 Myr (PISO-1500). Earth Planet Sci Lett 283(1–4):14–23. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.03.012
Zurück zum Zitat Chen FH, Bloemendal J, Feng ZD, Wang JM, Parker E, Guo ZT (1999a) East Asian monsoon variations during Oxygen Isotope Stage 5: evidence from the northwestern margin of the Chinese loess plateau. Quat Sci Rev 18(8-9):1127–1135 Chen FH, Bloemendal J, Feng ZD, Wang JM, Parker E, Guo ZT (1999a) East Asian monsoon variations during Oxygen Isotope Stage 5: evidence from the northwestern margin of the Chinese loess plateau. Quat Sci Rev 18(8-9):1127–1135
Zurück zum Zitat Chen FH, Bloemendal J, Wang JM, Li JJ, Oldfield F (1997) High-resolution multi-proxy climate records from Chinese loess, evidence for rapid climatic changes over the last 75 kyr. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 130(1–4):323–335 Chen FH, Bloemendal J, Wang JM, Li JJ, Oldfield F (1997) High-resolution multi-proxy climate records from Chinese loess, evidence for rapid climatic changes over the last 75 kyr. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 130(1–4):323–335
Zurück zum Zitat Chen J, An Z, Head J (1999b) Variation of Rb/Sr ratios in the Loess-Paleosol sequences of central China during the Last 130,000 Years and their implications for monsoon paleoclimatology. Quatern Res 51(3):215–219. doi:10.1006/qres.1999.2038 Chen J, An Z, Head J (1999b) Variation of Rb/Sr ratios in the Loess-Paleosol sequences of central China during the Last 130,000 Years and their implications for monsoon paleoclimatology. Quatern Res 51(3):215–219. doi:10.1006/qres.1999.2038
Zurück zum Zitat Chen J, Chen Y, Liu LW, Ji JF, Balsam W, Sun YB, Lu HY (2006) Zr/Rb ratio in the Chinese loess sequences and its implication for changes in the East Asian winter monsoon strength. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 70(6):1471–1482. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2005.11.029 Chen J, Chen Y, Liu LW, Ji JF, Balsam W, Sun YB, Lu HY (2006) Zr/Rb ratio in the Chinese loess sequences and its implication for changes in the East Asian winter monsoon strength. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 70(6):1471–1482. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2005.11.029
Zurück zum Zitat Chen J, Ji JF, Balsam W, Chen Y, Liu L, An ZS (2002) Characterization of the Chinese loess-paleosol stratigraphy by whiteness measurement. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 183 (287–297) Chen J, Ji JF, Balsam W, Chen Y, Liu L, An ZS (2002) Characterization of the Chinese loess-paleosol stratigraphy by whiteness measurement. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 183 (287–297)
Zurück zum Zitat Chen XL, Fang XM, An ZS, Han WX, Wang X, Bai Y, Hong Y (2007) An 8.1 Ma calcite record of Asian summer monsoon evolution on the Chinese central Loess Plateau. Sci China Ser D 50(3):392–403. doi:10.1007/s11430-007-0016-x Chen XL, Fang XM, An ZS, Han WX, Wang X, Bai Y, Hong Y (2007) An 8.1 Ma calcite record of Asian summer monsoon evolution on the Chinese central Loess Plateau. Sci China Ser D 50(3):392–403. doi:10.1007/s11430-007-0016-x
Zurück zum Zitat Chen Y, Chen J, Liu L, Ji J, Zhang J (2003) Spatial and temporal changes of summer monsoon on the Loess Plateau of Central China during the last 130 ka inferred from Rb/Sr ratios. Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci 46(10):1022–1030. doi:10.1007/BF02959397 Chen Y, Chen J, Liu L, Ji J, Zhang J (2003) Spatial and temporal changes of summer monsoon on the Loess Plateau of Central China during the last 130 ka inferred from Rb/Sr ratios. Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci 46(10):1022–1030. doi:10.1007/BF02959397
Zurück zum Zitat Cheng H, Edwards RL, Broecker WS, Denton GH, Kong XG, Wang YJ, Zhang R, Wang XF (2009) Ice age terminations. Science 326(5950):248–252. doi:10.1126/science.1177840 Cheng H, Edwards RL, Broecker WS, Denton GH, Kong XG, Wang YJ, Zhang R, Wang XF (2009) Ice age terminations. Science 326(5950):248–252. doi:10.1126/science.1177840
Zurück zum Zitat Chikaraishi Y, Naraoka H (2001) Organic hydrogen-carbon isotope signatures of terrestrial higher plants during biosynthesis for distinctive photosynthetic pathways. Geochemical J 35(6):451–458 Chikaraishi Y, Naraoka H (2001) Organic hydrogen-carbon isotope signatures of terrestrial higher plants during biosynthesis for distinctive photosynthetic pathways. Geochemical J 35(6):451–458
Zurück zum Zitat Chikaraishi Y, Naraoka H (2003) Compound-specific delta D-delta C-13 analyses of n-alkanes extracted from terrestrial and aquatic plants. Phytochemistry 63 (3):361–371. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00749-5 Chikaraishi Y, Naraoka H (2003) Compound-specific delta D-delta C-13 analyses of n-alkanes extracted from terrestrial and aquatic plants. Phytochemistry 63 (3):361–371. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00749-5
Zurück zum Zitat Christl M, Lippold J, Steinhilber F, Bernsdorff F, Mangini A (2010) Reconstruction of global 10Be production over the past 250ka from highly accumulating Atlantic drift sediments. Quaternary Sci Rev 29(19-20):2663–2672. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.06.017 Christl M, Lippold J, Steinhilber F, Bernsdorff F, Mangini A (2010) Reconstruction of global 10Be production over the past 250ka from highly accumulating Atlantic drift sediments. Quaternary Sci Rev 29(19-20):2663–2672. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.06.017
Zurück zum Zitat Clemens SC, Murray DW, Prell WL (1996) Nonstationary phase of the plio-pleistocene Asian monsoon. Science 274(5289):943–948 Clemens SC, Murray DW, Prell WL (1996) Nonstationary phase of the plio-pleistocene Asian monsoon. Science 274(5289):943–948
Zurück zum Zitat Clemens SC, Prell WL (2003) A 350,000 year summer monsoon multi-proxy stack from the Owen ridge, Northern Arabian sea. Mar Geol 201 (1-3):35–51. doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00207-X Clemens SC, Prell WL (2003) A 350,000 year summer monsoon multi-proxy stack from the Owen ridge, Northern Arabian sea. Mar Geol 201 (1-3):35–51. doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00207-X
Zurück zum Zitat Clemens SC, Prell WL, Sun Y, Liu Z, Chen G (2008) Southern hemisphere forcing of Pliocene d18O and the evolution of Indo-Asian monsoons. Paleoceanography 23 (10.1029) Clemens SC, Prell WL, Sun Y, Liu Z, Chen G (2008) Southern hemisphere forcing of Pliocene d18O and the evolution of Indo-Asian monsoons. Paleoceanography 23 (10.1029)
Zurück zum Zitat Clift PD, Hodges KV, Heslop D, Hannigan R, Van Long H, Calves G (2008) Correlation of Himalayan exhumation rates and Asian monsoon intensity. Nat Geosci 1(12):875–880. doi:10.1038/Ngeo351 Clift PD, Hodges KV, Heslop D, Hannigan R, Van Long H, Calves G (2008) Correlation of Himalayan exhumation rates and Asian monsoon intensity. Nat Geosci 1(12):875–880. doi:10.1038/Ngeo351
Zurück zum Zitat Dawson D, Grice K, Wang SX, Alexander R, Radke J (2004) Stable hydrogen isotopic composition of hydrocarbons in torbanites (Late Carboniferous to Late Permian) deposited under various climatic conditions. Org Geochem 35(2):189–197. doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2003.09.004 Dawson D, Grice K, Wang SX, Alexander R, Radke J (2004) Stable hydrogen isotopic composition of hydrocarbons in torbanites (Late Carboniferous to Late Permian) deposited under various climatic conditions. Org Geochem 35(2):189–197. doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2003.09.004
Zurück zum Zitat deMenocal PB (1995) Pliopleistocene African climate. Science 270(5233):53–59 deMenocal PB (1995) Pliopleistocene African climate. Science 270(5233):53–59
Zurück zum Zitat Dimbleby G (1985) The palynology of archaeological sites. Academic Press, New York Dimbleby G (1985) The palynology of archaeological sites. Academic Press, New York
Zurück zum Zitat Ding ZL, Derbyshire E, Yang SL, Sun JM, Liu TS (2005) Stepwise expansion of desert environment across northern China in the past 3.5 Ma and implications for monsoon evolution. Earth Planet Sci Lett 237(1-2):45–55. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.06.036 Ding ZL, Derbyshire E, Yang SL, Sun JM, Liu TS (2005) Stepwise expansion of desert environment across northern China in the past 3.5 Ma and implications for monsoon evolution. Earth Planet Sci Lett 237(1-2):45–55. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.06.036
Zurück zum Zitat Ding ZL, Derbyshire E, Yang SL, Yu ZW, Xiong SF, Liu TS (2002) Stacked 2.6-Ma grain size record from the Chinese loess based on five sections and correlation with the deep-sea delta O-18 record. Paleoceanography 17(3):1033. doi:10.1029/2001pa000725 Ding ZL, Derbyshire E, Yang SL, Yu ZW, Xiong SF, Liu TS (2002) Stacked 2.6-Ma grain size record from the Chinese loess based on five sections and correlation with the deep-sea delta O-18 record. Paleoceanography 17(3):1033. doi:10.1029/2001pa000725
Zurück zum Zitat Ding ZL, Liu T, Rutter NW, Yu Z, Guo Z, Zhu R (1995) Ice-Volume Forcing of East Asian Winter Monsoon Variations in the Past 800,000 Years. Quatern Res 44(2):149–159. doi:10.1006/qres.1995.1059 Ding ZL, Liu T, Rutter NW, Yu Z, Guo Z, Zhu R (1995) Ice-Volume Forcing of East Asian Winter Monsoon Variations in the Past 800,000 Years. Quatern Res 44(2):149–159. doi:10.1006/qres.1995.1059
Zurück zum Zitat Ding ZL, Liu TS (1989) Progresses of loess research in China (part 1): Loess stratigraphy. Quat Sci (1):24–35 Ding ZL, Liu TS (1989) Progresses of loess research in China (part 1): Loess stratigraphy. Quat Sci (1):24–35
Zurück zum Zitat Ding ZL, Ren JZ, Yang SL, Liu TS (1999a) Climate instability during the penultimate glaciation: Evidence from two high-resolution loess records. China J Geophys Res-Sol Ea 104 (B9):20123-20132. doi:10.1029/1999jb900183 Ding ZL, Ren JZ, Yang SL, Liu TS (1999a) Climate instability during the penultimate glaciation: Evidence from two high-resolution loess records. China J Geophys Res-Sol Ea 104 (B9):20123-20132. doi:10.1029/1999jb900183
Zurück zum Zitat Ding ZL, Rutter NW, Liu TS (1993) Pedostratigraphy of China loess deposits and climatic cycle in the last 2.5 Myr. Catena 20(73):91 Ding ZL, Rutter NW, Liu TS (1993) Pedostratigraphy of China loess deposits and climatic cycle in the last 2.5 Myr. Catena 20(73):91
Zurück zum Zitat Ding ZL, Rutter NW, Liu TS (1997) The onset of extensive loess deposition around the G/M boundary in China and its palaeoclimatic implications. Quatern Int 40:53–60. doi:10.1016/S1040-6182(96)00061-4 Ding ZL, Rutter NW, Liu TS (1997) The onset of extensive loess deposition around the G/M boundary in China and its palaeoclimatic implications. Quatern Int 40:53–60. doi:10.1016/S1040-6182(96)00061-4
Zurück zum Zitat Ding ZL, Rutter NW, Liu TS, Sun JM, Ren JZ, Rokosh D, Xiong SF (1998a) Correlation of Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles between Greenland ice and Chinese loess. Paleoclimates 2:281–291 Ding ZL, Rutter NW, Liu TS, Sun JM, Ren JZ, Rokosh D, Xiong SF (1998a) Correlation of Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles between Greenland ice and Chinese loess. Paleoclimates 2:281–291
Zurück zum Zitat Ding ZL, Rutter NW, Sun JM, Yang SL, Liu TS (2000) Re-arrangement of atmospheric circulation at about 2.6Ma over northern China: evidence from grain size records of loess-palaeosol and red clay sequences. Quaternary Sci Rev 19 (6):547–558. doi:10.1016/s0277-3791(99)00017-7 Ding ZL, Rutter NW, Sun JM, Yang SL, Liu TS (2000) Re-arrangement of atmospheric circulation at about 2.6Ma over northern China: evidence from grain size records of loess-palaeosol and red clay sequences. Quaternary Sci Rev 19 (6):547–558. doi:10.1016/s0277-3791(99)00017-7
Zurück zum Zitat Ding ZL, Sun JM, Liu TS, Zhu RX, Yang SL, Guo B (1998b) Wind-blown origin of the Pliocene red clay formation in the central Loess Plateau, China. Earth Planet Sci Lett 161 (1-4):135–143. doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(98)00145-9 Ding ZL, Sun JM, Liu TS, Zhu RX, Yang SL, Guo B (1998b) Wind-blown origin of the Pliocene red clay formation in the central Loess Plateau, China. Earth Planet Sci Lett 161 (1-4):135–143. doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(98)00145-9
Zurück zum Zitat Ding ZL, Xiong SF, Sun JM, Yang SL, Gu ZY, Liu TS (1999b) Pedostratigraphy and paleomagnetism of a similar to 7.0 Ma eolian loess-red clay sequence at Lingtai, Loess Plateau, north-central China and the implications for paleomonsoon evolution. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 152(1-2):49–66 Ding ZL, Xiong SF, Sun JM, Yang SL, Gu ZY, Liu TS (1999b) Pedostratigraphy and paleomagnetism of a similar to 7.0 Ma eolian loess-red clay sequence at Lingtai, Loess Plateau, north-central China and the implications for paleomonsoon evolution. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 152(1-2):49–66
Zurück zum Zitat Ding ZL, Yang SL, Hou SS, Wang X, Chen Z, Liu TS (2001a) Magnetostratigraphy and sedimentology of the Jingchuan red clay section and correlation of the Tertiary eolian red clay sediments of the Chinese Loess Plateau. J Geophys Res-Sol Ea 106 (B4):6399-6407. doi:10.1029/2000jb900445 Ding ZL, Yang SL, Hou SS, Wang X, Chen Z, Liu TS (2001a) Magnetostratigraphy and sedimentology of the Jingchuan red clay section and correlation of the Tertiary eolian red clay sediments of the Chinese Loess Plateau. J Geophys Res-Sol Ea 106 (B4):6399-6407. doi:10.1029/2000jb900445
Zurück zum Zitat Ding ZL, Yang SL, Sun JM, Liu TS (2001b) Iron geochemistry of loess and red clay deposits in the Chinese Loess Plateau and implications for long-term Asian monsoon evolution in the last 7.0 Ma. Earth Planet Sci Lett 185 (1-2):99–109. doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(00)00366-6 Ding ZL, Yang SL, Sun JM, Liu TS (2001b) Iron geochemistry of loess and red clay deposits in the Chinese Loess Plateau and implications for long-term Asian monsoon evolution in the last 7.0 Ma. Earth Planet Sci Lett 185 (1-2):99–109. doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(00)00366-6
Zurück zum Zitat Ding ZL, Yu ZW, Rutter NW, Liu TS (1994) Towards an orbital time scale for Chinese loess deposits. Quaternary Sci Rev 13 (39–70) Ding ZL, Yu ZW, Rutter NW, Liu TS (1994) Towards an orbital time scale for Chinese loess deposits. Quaternary Sci Rev 13 (39–70)
Zurück zum Zitat Ding ZL, Yu ZW, Yang SL, Sun JM, Xiong SF, Liu TS (2001c) Coeval changes in grain size and sedimentation rate of eolian loess, the Chinese Loess Plateau. Geophys Res Lett 28(10):2097–2100 Ding ZL, Yu ZW, Yang SL, Sun JM, Xiong SF, Liu TS (2001c) Coeval changes in grain size and sedimentation rate of eolian loess, the Chinese Loess Plateau. Geophys Res Lett 28(10):2097–2100
Zurück zum Zitat Donahue D (1993) Measurements of radiocarbon ages at the University of Arizona accelerator mass spectrometer facility. Collected Oceanic Works 16(1):56–69 Donahue D (1993) Measurements of radiocarbon ages at the University of Arizona accelerator mass spectrometer facility. Collected Oceanic Works 16(1):56–69
Zurück zum Zitat Duchaufour P (1983) Pédologie. Tome I. Pédogenèse et Classification, 2 edn. Masson, Paris Duchaufour P (1983) Pédologie. Tome I. Pédogenèse et Classification, 2 edn. Masson, Paris
Zurück zum Zitat Dykoski CA, Edwards RL, Cheng H, Yuan DX, Cai YJ, Zhang ML, Lin YS, Qing JM, An ZS, Revenaugh J (2005) A high-resolution, absolute-dated Holocene and deglacial Asian monsoon record from Dongge Cave. China. Earth Planet Sci Lett 233(1–2):71–86. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.01.036 Dykoski CA, Edwards RL, Cheng H, Yuan DX, Cai YJ, Zhang ML, Lin YS, Qing JM, An ZS, Revenaugh J (2005) A high-resolution, absolute-dated Holocene and deglacial Asian monsoon record from Dongge Cave. China. Earth Planet Sci Lett 233(1–2):71–86. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.01.036
Zurück zum Zitat Elsasser W, Ney EP, Winckler JR (1956) Cosmic-ray intensity and geomagnetism. Nature 178(4544):1226–1227 Elsasser W, Ney EP, Winckler JR (1956) Cosmic-ray intensity and geomagnetism. Nature 178(4544):1226–1227
Zurück zum Zitat Evans ME, Heller F (1994) Magnetic enhancement and paleolimate: Study of a loess/paleosol couplet across the Loess Plateau of China. Geophys J Inter 117:257–264 Evans ME, Heller F (1994) Magnetic enhancement and paleolimate: Study of a loess/paleosol couplet across the Loess Plateau of China. Geophys J Inter 117:257–264
Zurück zum Zitat Evans ME, Heller F (2001) Magnetism of loess/palaeosol sequences: recent developments. Earth-Sci Rev 54(1-3):129–144 Evans ME, Heller F (2001) Magnetism of loess/palaeosol sequences: recent developments. Earth-Sci Rev 54(1-3):129–144
Zurück zum Zitat Fang XM, Li JJ, VanderVoo R, MacNiocaill C, Dai XR, Kemp RA, Derbyshire E, Cao JX, Wang JM, Wang G (1997) A record of the Blake Event during the last interglacial paleosol in the western Loess Plateau of China. Earth Planet Sci Lett 146 (1-2):73–82. doi:10.1016/S0012-821x(96)00222-1 Fang XM, Li JJ, VanderVoo R, MacNiocaill C, Dai XR, Kemp RA, Derbyshire E, Cao JX, Wang JM, Wang G (1997) A record of the Blake Event during the last interglacial paleosol in the western Loess Plateau of China. Earth Planet Sci Lett 146 (1-2):73–82. doi:10.1016/S0012-821x(96)00222-1
Zurück zum Zitat Fang XM, Ono Y, Fukuksawa H, Pan BT, Li JL, Guan DH, Oi KC, Tsukamoto S, Torii M, Mishima T (1999) Asian summer monsoon instability during the past 60,000 years: magnetic susceptibility and pedogenic evidence from the western Chinese Loess Plateau. Earth Planet Sci Lett 168(3-4):219–232 Fang XM, Ono Y, Fukuksawa H, Pan BT, Li JL, Guan DH, Oi KC, Tsukamoto S, Torii M, Mishima T (1999) Asian summer monsoon instability during the past 60,000 years: magnetic susceptibility and pedogenic evidence from the western Chinese Loess Plateau. Earth Planet Sci Lett 168(3-4):219–232
Zurück zum Zitat Feng ZD, Wang HB, Olson C, Pope GA, Chen FH, Zhang JW, An CB (2004) Chronological discord between the last interglacial paleosol (S1) and its parent material in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Quatern Int 117:17–26. doi:10.1016/S1040-6182(03)00112-5 Feng ZD, Wang HB, Olson C, Pope GA, Chen FH, Zhang JW, An CB (2004) Chronological discord between the last interglacial paleosol (S1) and its parent material in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Quatern Int 117:17–26. doi:10.1016/S1040-6182(03)00112-5
Zurück zum Zitat Forman SL (1991) Late Pleistocene chronology of loess deposition near Luochuan, China. Quatern Res 36 (1):19–28. doi:10.1016/0033-5894(91)90014-v Forman SL (1991) Late Pleistocene chronology of loess deposition near Luochuan, China. Quatern Res 36 (1):19–28. doi:10.1016/0033-5894(91)90014-v
Zurück zum Zitat Fox DL, Koch PL (2003) Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology 31(9):809–812. doi:10.1130/g19580.1 Fox DL, Koch PL (2003) Tertiary history of C4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA. Geology 31(9):809–812. doi:10.1130/g19580.1
Zurück zum Zitat Frakes LA, Sun JZ (1994) A Carbon-Isotope Record of the Upper Chinese Loess Sequence - Estimates of Plant Types during Stadials and Interstadials. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 108(1–2):183–189 Frakes LA, Sun JZ (1994) A Carbon-Isotope Record of the Upper Chinese Loess Sequence - Estimates of Plant Types during Stadials and Interstadials. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 108(1–2):183–189
Zurück zum Zitat Frank M (2000) Comparison of cosmogenic radionuclide production and geomagnetic field intensity over the last 200 000 years. Philos T Roy Soc A 358(1768):1089–1107. doi:10.1098/rsta.2000.0575 Frank M (2000) Comparison of cosmogenic radionuclide production and geomagnetic field intensity over the last 200 000 years. Philos T Roy Soc A 358(1768):1089–1107. doi:10.1098/rsta.2000.0575
Zurück zum Zitat Frank M, Schwarz B, Baumann S, Kubik PW, Suter M, Mangini A (1997) A 200 kyr record of cosmogenic radionuclide production rate and geomagnetic field intensity from 10Be in globally stacked deep-sea sediments. Earth Planet Sci Lett 149 (1-4):121–129. doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(97)00070-8 Frank M, Schwarz B, Baumann S, Kubik PW, Suter M, Mangini A (1997) A 200 kyr record of cosmogenic radionuclide production rate and geomagnetic field intensity from 10Be in globally stacked deep-sea sediments. Earth Planet Sci Lett 149 (1-4):121–129. doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(97)00070-8
Zurück zum Zitat Freeman KH, Colarusso LA (2001) Molecular and isotopic records of C4 grassland expansion in the late miocene. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 65 (9):1439–1454. doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(00)00573-1 Freeman KH, Colarusso LA (2001) Molecular and isotopic records of C4 grassland expansion in the late miocene. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 65 (9):1439–1454. doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(00)00573-1
Zurück zum Zitat Gallet S, Jahn BM, Torii M (1996) Geochemical characterization of the Luochuan loess-paleosol sequence, China, and paleoclimatic implications. Chem Geol 133 (1–4):67–88. doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(96)00070-8 Gallet S, Jahn BM, Torii M (1996) Geochemical characterization of the Luochuan loess-paleosol sequence, China, and paleoclimatic implications. Chem Geol 133 (1–4):67–88. doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(96)00070-8
Zurück zum Zitat Gao WY, Lin BH, Sun DH (1992) Catoptrics studies for loess and climatic variations. In: Liu TS, An ZS (eds) Loessï, Quaternary Geologyï, Global Change. Science Press, Beijing, pp 92–100 Gao WY, Lin BH, Sun DH (1992) Catoptrics studies for loess and climatic variations. In: Liu TS, An ZS (eds) Loessï, Quaternary Geologyï, Global Change. Science Press, Beijing, pp 92–100
Zurück zum Zitat Goni MA, Eglinton TI (1996) Stable carbon isotopic analyses of lignin-derived CuO oxidation products by isotope ratio monitoring gas chromatography mass spectrometry (irm-GC-MS). Org Geochem 24 (6–7):601–615. doi:10.1016/0146-6380(96)00052-6 Goni MA, Eglinton TI (1996) Stable carbon isotopic analyses of lignin-derived CuO oxidation products by isotope ratio monitoring gas chromatography mass spectrometry (irm-GC-MS). Org Geochem 24 (6–7):601–615. doi:10.1016/0146-6380(96)00052-6
Zurück zum Zitat Gu ZY, Guo Z, Lal D (2006) 10Be Concentration relation to chemical compositions of Chinese loess and red clay as a potential dating method. Quat Sci 26(2):244–249 Gu ZY, Guo Z, Lal D (2006) 10Be Concentration relation to chemical compositions of Chinese loess and red clay as a potential dating method. Quat Sci 26(2):244–249
Zurück zum Zitat Gu ZY, Lal D, Liu TS, Guo ZT, Southon J, Caffee MW (1997) Weathering histories of Chinese loess deposits based on uranium and thorium series nuclides and cosmogenic Be-10. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 61 (24):5221–5231. doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00313-X Gu ZY, Lal D, Liu TS, Guo ZT, Southon J, Caffee MW (1997) Weathering histories of Chinese loess deposits based on uranium and thorium series nuclides and cosmogenic Be-10. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 61 (24):5221–5231. doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00313-X
Zurück zum Zitat Gu ZY, Lal D, Liu TS, Southon J, Caffee MW, Guo ZT, Chen MY (1996) Five million year 10Be record in Chinese loess and red clay: climate and weathering relationships. Earth Planet Sci Lett 144 (1-2):273–287. doi:10.1016/0012-821x(96)00156-2 Gu ZY, Lal D, Liu TS, Southon J, Caffee MW, Guo ZT, Chen MY (1996) Five million year 10Be record in Chinese loess and red clay: climate and weathering relationships. Earth Planet Sci Lett 144 (1-2):273–287. doi:10.1016/0012-821x(96)00156-2
Zurück zum Zitat Gu ZY, Liu Q, Xu B, Han J, Yang S, Ding Z, Liu T (2003) Climate as the dominant control on C3 and C4 plant abundance in the Loess Plateau: Organic carbon isotope evidence from the last glacial-interglacial loess-soil sequences. Chinese Sci Bull 48(12):1271–1276. doi:10.1007/bf03183950 Gu ZY, Liu Q, Xu B, Han J, Yang S, Ding Z, Liu T (2003) Climate as the dominant control on C3 and C4 plant abundance in the Loess Plateau: Organic carbon isotope evidence from the last glacial-interglacial loess-soil sequences. Chinese Sci Bull 48(12):1271–1276. doi:10.1007/bf03183950
Zurück zum Zitat Guo ZT, Berger A, Yin QZ, Qin L (2009) Strong asymmetry of hemispheric climates during MIS-13 inferred from correlating China loess and Antarctica ice records. Clim Past 5(1):21–31 Guo ZT, Berger A, Yin QZ, Qin L (2009) Strong asymmetry of hemispheric climates during MIS-13 inferred from correlating China loess and Antarctica ice records. Clim Past 5(1):21–31
Zurück zum Zitat Guo ZT, Biscaye P, Wei LY, Chen XH, Peng SZ, Liu TS (2000) Summer monsoon variations over the last 1.2 Ma from the weathering of loess-soil sequences in China. Geophys Res Lett 27(12):1751–1754. doi:10.1029/1999gl008419 Guo ZT, Biscaye P, Wei LY, Chen XH, Peng SZ, Liu TS (2000) Summer monsoon variations over the last 1.2 Ma from the weathering of loess-soil sequences in China. Geophys Res Lett 27(12):1751–1754. doi:10.1029/1999gl008419
Zurück zum Zitat Guo ZT, Liu TS, Fedoroff N, Wei LY, Ding ZL, Wu NQ, Lu HY, Jiang WY, An ZS (1998) Climate extremes in Loess of China coupled with the strength of deep-water formation in the North Atlantic. Global Planet Change 18 (3-4):113–128. doi:10.1016/S0921-8181(98)00010-1 Guo ZT, Liu TS, Fedoroff N, Wei LY, Ding ZL, Wu NQ, Lu HY, Jiang WY, An ZS (1998) Climate extremes in Loess of China coupled with the strength of deep-water formation in the North Atlantic. Global Planet Change 18 (3-4):113–128. doi:10.1016/S0921-8181(98)00010-1
Zurück zum Zitat Guo ZT, Liu TS, Guiot J, Wu NQ, Lu H, Han J, Liu J, Gu Z (1996) High frequency pulses of East Asian monsoon climate in the last two glaciations: Link with the North Atlantic. Clim Dynam 12(10):701–709. doi:10.1007/s003820050137 Guo ZT, Liu TS, Guiot J, Wu NQ, Lu H, Han J, Liu J, Gu Z (1996) High frequency pulses of East Asian monsoon climate in the last two glaciations: Link with the North Atlantic. Clim Dynam 12(10):701–709. doi:10.1007/s003820050137
Zurück zum Zitat Guo ZT, Sun B, Zhang ZS, Peng SZ, Xiao GQ, Ge JY, Hao QZ, Qiao YS, Liang MY, Liu JF, Yin QZ, Wei JJ (2008) A major reorganization of Asian climate by the early Miocene. Clim Past 4(3): 153–174. Guo ZT, Sun B, Zhang ZS, Peng SZ, Xiao GQ, Ge JY, Hao QZ, Qiao YS, Liang MY, Liu JF, Yin QZ, Wei JJ (2008) A major reorganization of Asian climate by the early Miocene. Clim Past 4(3): 153–174.
Zurück zum Zitat Guo ZT, Ruddiman WF, Hao QZ, Wu HB, Qiao YS, Zhu RX, Peng SZ, Wei JJ, Yuan BY, Liu TS (2002) Onset of Asian desertification by 22 Myr ago inferred from loess deposits in China. Nature 416(6877):159–163 Guo ZT, Ruddiman WF, Hao QZ, Wu HB, Qiao YS, Zhu RX, Peng SZ, Wei JJ, Yuan BY, Liu TS (2002) Onset of Asian desertification by 22 Myr ago inferred from loess deposits in China. Nature 416(6877):159–163
Zurück zum Zitat Guyodo Y, Valet JP (1996) Relative variations in geomagnetic intensity from sedimentary records: The past 200,000 years. Earth Planet Sci Lett 143 (1-4):23–36. doi:10.1016/0012-821x(96)00121-5 Guyodo Y, Valet JP (1996) Relative variations in geomagnetic intensity from sedimentary records: The past 200,000 years. Earth Planet Sci Lett 143 (1-4):23–36. doi:10.1016/0012-821x(96)00121-5
Zurück zum Zitat Guyodo Y, Valet JP (1999) Global changes in intensity of the Earth’s magnetic field during the past 800 kyr. Nature 399(6733):249–252 Guyodo Y, Valet JP (1999) Global changes in intensity of the Earth’s magnetic field during the past 800 kyr. Nature 399(6733):249–252
Zurück zum Zitat Han J, Hus JJ, Liu T, Paepe R, Vandenberghe RE (1991) Magnetic properties of the Malan and Lshi formations. Quaternary Sciences 11(4):310–325 Han J, Hus JJ, Liu T, Paepe R, Vandenberghe RE (1991) Magnetic properties of the Malan and Lshi formations. Quaternary Sciences 11(4):310–325
Zurück zum Zitat Han J, Jiang W, Liu T (1996) Carbon isotopic records of the paleoclimatic changes in loess. Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci 39 (5):460–467 Han J, Jiang W, Liu T (1996) Carbon isotopic records of the paleoclimatic changes in loess. Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci 39 (5):460–467
Zurück zum Zitat Han JT, Fyfe WS, Longstaffe FJ (1998) Climatic implications of the S5 paleosol complex on the southernmost Chinese Loess Plateau. Quatern Res 50:21–33 Han JT, Fyfe WS, Longstaffe FJ (1998) Climatic implications of the S5 paleosol complex on the southernmost Chinese Loess Plateau. Quatern Res 50:21–33
Zurück zum Zitat Hao Q, Guo Z (2004) Magnetostratigraphy of a late Miocene-Pliocene loess-soil sequence in the western Loess Plateau in China. Geophys Res Lett 31(9):L09209 Hao Q, Guo Z (2004) Magnetostratigraphy of a late Miocene-Pliocene loess-soil sequence in the western Loess Plateau in China. Geophys Res Lett 31(9):L09209
Zurück zum Zitat Hao QZ, Guo ZT (2005) Spatial variations of magnetic susceptibility of Chinese loess for the last 600 ka: implications for monsoon evolution. J Geophys Res 110: B12101. Hao QZ, Guo ZT (2005) Spatial variations of magnetic susceptibility of Chinese loess for the last 600 ka: implications for monsoon evolution. J Geophys Res 110: B12101.
Zurück zum Zitat Hatte C, Fontugne M, Rousseau DD, Antoine P, Zoller L, Tisnerat-Laborde N, Bentaleb I (1998) delta C-13 variations of loess organic matter as a record of the vegetation response to climatic changes during the Weichselian. Geology 26 (7):583–586. doi:10.1130/0091-7613 (1998) 026 <0583:Cvolom>2.3.Co;2 Hatte C, Fontugne M, Rousseau DD, Antoine P, Zoller L, Tisnerat-Laborde N, Bentaleb I (1998) delta C-13 variations of loess organic matter as a record of the vegetation response to climatic changes during the Weichselian. Geology 26 (7):583–586. doi:10.1130/0091-7613 (1998) 026 <0583:Cvolom>2.3.Co;2
Zurück zum Zitat Hays JD, Imbrie J, Shackleton NJ (1976) Variations in the Earth’s Orbit: Pacemaker of the Ice Ages. Science 194(4270):1121–1132. doi:10.1126/science.194.4270.1121 Hays JD, Imbrie J, Shackleton NJ (1976) Variations in the Earth’s Orbit: Pacemaker of the Ice Ages. Science 194(4270):1121–1132. doi:10.1126/science.194.4270.1121
Zurück zum Zitat Head M (1979) Structure and chemical properties of fresh and degraded wood: their effects on radiocarbon dating measurements. MSc thesis Head M (1979) Structure and chemical properties of fresh and degraded wood: their effects on radiocarbon dating measurements. MSc thesis
Zurück zum Zitat Head M, Zhou W, Zhou M (1989) Evaluation of 14C ages of organic fractions of paleosols from loess-paleosol sequences near Xian, China. Radiocarbon 31(3):680–696 Head M, Zhou W, Zhou M (1989) Evaluation of 14C ages of organic fractions of paleosols from loess-paleosol sequences near Xian, China. Radiocarbon 31(3):680–696
Zurück zum Zitat Heller F, Evans ME (1995) Loess Magnetism. Rev Geophys 33(2):211–240 Heller F, Evans ME (1995) Loess Magnetism. Rev Geophys 33(2):211–240
Zurück zum Zitat Heller F, Liu T (1986) Palaeoclimatic and sedimentary history from magnetic susceptibility of loess in China. Geophys Res Lett 13(11):1169–1172. doi:10.1029/GL013i011p01169 Heller F, Liu T (1986) Palaeoclimatic and sedimentary history from magnetic susceptibility of loess in China. Geophys Res Lett 13(11):1169–1172. doi:10.1029/GL013i011p01169
Zurück zum Zitat Heller F, Liu TS (1982) Magnetostratigraphical Dating of Loess Deposits in China. Nature 300(5891):431–433 Heller F, Liu TS (1982) Magnetostratigraphical Dating of Loess Deposits in China. Nature 300(5891):431–433
Zurück zum Zitat Heller F, Liu TS (1984) Magnetism of Chinese Loess Deposits. Geophys J Roy Astr S. 77(1):125 Heller F, Liu TS (1984) Magnetism of Chinese Loess Deposits. Geophys J Roy Astr S. 77(1):125
Zurück zum Zitat Heller F, Shen CD, Beer J, Liu XM, Liu TS, Bronger A, Suter M, Bonani G (1993) Quantitative estimates of pedogenic ferromagnetic mineral formation in Chinese loess and palaeoclimatic implications. Earth Planet Sci Lett 114 (2–3):385–390. doi:10.1016/0012-821x(93)90038-b Heller F, Shen CD, Beer J, Liu XM, Liu TS, Bronger A, Suter M, Bonani G (1993) Quantitative estimates of pedogenic ferromagnetic mineral formation in Chinese loess and palaeoclimatic implications. Earth Planet Sci Lett 114 (2–3):385–390. doi:10.1016/0012-821x(93)90038-b
Zurück zum Zitat Heslop D, Langereis CG, Dekkers MJ (2000) A new astronomical timescale for the loess deposits of northern China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 184 (125–139) Heslop D, Langereis CG, Dekkers MJ (2000) A new astronomical timescale for the loess deposits of northern China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 184 (125–139)
Zurück zum Zitat Hilkert AW, Douthitt CB, Schluter HJ, Brand WA (1999) Isotope ratio monitoring gas chromatography mass spectrometry of D H by high temperature conversion isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Sp 13(13):1226–1230 Hilkert AW, Douthitt CB, Schluter HJ, Brand WA (1999) Isotope ratio monitoring gas chromatography mass spectrometry of D H by high temperature conversion isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Sp 13(13):1226–1230
Zurück zum Zitat Hou JZ, D’Andrea WJ, MacDonald D, Huang YS (2007) Hydrogen isotopic variability in leaf waxes among terrestrial and aquatic plants around Blood Pond, Massachusetts (USA). Org Geochem 38(6):977–984. doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.12.009 Hou JZ, D’Andrea WJ, MacDonald D, Huang YS (2007) Hydrogen isotopic variability in leaf waxes among terrestrial and aquatic plants around Blood Pond, Massachusetts (USA). Org Geochem 38(6):977–984. doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.12.009
Zurück zum Zitat Huang CC, Pang JL, Huang P, Hou CH, Han YP (2002a) Holocene climatic events on the loess tableland in the western Guanzhong basin, China. Arid Land Geography 25(1):10–15 Huang CC, Pang JL, Huang P, Hou CH, Han YP (2002a) Holocene climatic events on the loess tableland in the western Guanzhong basin, China. Arid Land Geography 25(1):10–15
Zurück zum Zitat Huang YS, Shuman B, Wang Y, Webb T (2002b) Hydrogen isotope ratios of palmitic acid in lacustrine sediments record late Quaternary climate variations. Geology 30(12):1103–1106 Huang YS, Shuman B, Wang Y, Webb T (2002b) Hydrogen isotope ratios of palmitic acid in lacustrine sediments record late Quaternary climate variations. Geology 30(12):1103–1106
Zurück zum Zitat Huang YS, Shuman B, Wang Y, Webb T (2004) Hydrogen isotope ratios of individual lipids in lake sediments as novel tracers of climatic and environmental change: a surface sediment test. J Paleolimnol 31(3):363–375 Huang YS, Shuman B, Wang Y, Webb T (2004) Hydrogen isotope ratios of individual lipids in lake sediments as novel tracers of climatic and environmental change: a surface sediment test. J Paleolimnol 31(3):363–375
Zurück zum Zitat Huang YS, Street-Perrott FA, Metcalfe SE, Brenner M, Moreland M, Freeman KH (2001) Climate Change as the Dominant Control on Glacial-Interglacial Variations in C3 and C4 Plant Abundance. Science 293(5535):1647–1651. doi:10.1126/science.1060143 Huang YS, Street-Perrott FA, Metcalfe SE, Brenner M, Moreland M, Freeman KH (2001) Climate Change as the Dominant Control on Glacial-Interglacial Variations in C3 and C4 Plant Abundance. Science 293(5535):1647–1651. doi:10.1126/science.1060143
Zurück zum Zitat Huang YS, Street-Perrott FA, Perrott RA, Metzger P, Eglinton G (1999) Glacial-interglacial environmental changes inferred from molecular and compound-specific δ13C analyses of sediments from Sacred Lake, Mt. Kenya. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 63 (9):1383–1404. doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(99)00074-5 Huang YS, Street-Perrott FA, Perrott RA, Metzger P, Eglinton G (1999) Glacial-interglacial environmental changes inferred from molecular and compound-specific δ13C analyses of sediments from Sacred Lake, Mt. Kenya. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 63 (9):1383–1404. doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(99)00074-5
Zurück zum Zitat IAEA/WMO (2000) Global Network for Isotopes in Precipitation IAEA/WMO (2000) Global Network for Isotopes in Precipitation
Zurück zum Zitat Imbrie J, Hays J, Martinson D, McIntyre A, Mix AC, Morley JJ, Pisias NG, Prell WL, Shackleton NJ (1984) The orbital theory of Pleistocene climate: support from revised chronology of the marine 18O record. In: Berger A (ed) Milankovitch and Climate, Part 1. Springer, New York, pp 269–305 Imbrie J, Hays J, Martinson D, McIntyre A, Mix AC, Morley JJ, Pisias NG, Prell WL, Shackleton NJ (1984) The orbital theory of Pleistocene climate: support from revised chronology of the marine 18O record. In: Berger A (ed) Milankovitch and Climate, Part 1. Springer, New York, pp 269–305
Zurück zum Zitat Ishikawa Y, Murakami H, Sekine T, Yoshihara K (1995) Precipitation scavenging studies of radionuclides in air using cosmogenic 7Be. J Environ Radioact 26 (1):19–36. doi:10.1016/0265-931x(95)91630-m Ishikawa Y, Murakami H, Sekine T, Yoshihara K (1995) Precipitation scavenging studies of radionuclides in air using cosmogenic 7Be. J Environ Radioact 26 (1):19–36. doi:10.1016/0265-931x(95)91630-m
Zurück zum Zitat Jahn BM, Gallet S, Han JM (2001) Geochemistry of the Xining, Xifeng and Jixian sections, Loess Plateau of China: eolian dust provenance and paleosol evolution during the last 140 ka. Chem Geol 178 (1–4):71–94. doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00430-7 Jahn BM, Gallet S, Han JM (2001) Geochemistry of the Xining, Xifeng and Jixian sections, Loess Plateau of China: eolian dust provenance and paleosol evolution during the last 140 ka. Chem Geol 178 (1–4):71–94. doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00430-7
Zurück zum Zitat Jamieson JC (1953) Phase equilibrium in the system calcite-aragonite. J Chem Phys 21(8):1385–1390. doi:10.1063/1.1699228 Jamieson JC (1953) Phase equilibrium in the system calcite-aragonite. J Chem Phys 21(8):1385–1390. doi:10.1063/1.1699228
Zurück zum Zitat Ji JF, Balsam WJC (2001) Mineralogic, climatic interpretations of the Luochuan loess section(China)based on diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry. Quatern Research 56(1):23–30 Ji JF, Balsam WJC (2001) Mineralogic, climatic interpretations of the Luochuan loess section(China)based on diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry. Quatern Research 56(1):23–30
Zurück zum Zitat Ji JF, Chen J, Balsam WL, Lu HY, Xu HF (2004) High resolution hematite/goethite records from Chinese loess sequences for the last glacial-interglacial cycle: rapid climatic response of the East Asian Monsoon to the tropical Pacific. Geophys Res Lett 31:L03207 Ji JF, Chen J, Balsam WL, Lu HY, Xu HF (2004) High resolution hematite/goethite records from Chinese loess sequences for the last glacial-interglacial cycle: rapid climatic response of the East Asian Monsoon to the tropical Pacific. Geophys Res Lett 31:L03207
Zurück zum Zitat Ji JF, Chen J, Zhou W, Zhao L, Wang HT (2006) Mineralogical evidences of a warm and dry summer monsoon for the late Tertiary red clay formation, China. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 70 (18):A292–A292. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.593 Ji JF, Chen J, Zhou W, Zhao L, Wang HT (2006) Mineralogical evidences of a warm and dry summer monsoon for the late Tertiary red clay formation, China. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 70 (18):A292–A292. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.593
Zurück zum Zitat Jia RF, Xin JL, Zhao L (1995) Organic matter changes in the Weinan loess section and implications for humidity variations. Geochimica 24:66–74 Jia RF, Xin JL, Zhao L (1995) Organic matter changes in the Weinan loess section and implications for humidity variations. Geochimica 24:66–74
Zurück zum Zitat Jia RF, Yan BZ, Li RS, Fan GC, Lin BH (1996) Characteristics of magnetotactic bacteria in Duanjiapo loess section, Shaanxi province and their environment significance. Sci China Ser D 39(5):478–485 Jia RF, Yan BZ, Li RS, Fan GC, Lin BH (1996) Characteristics of magnetotactic bacteria in Duanjiapo loess section, Shaanxi province and their environment significance. Sci China Ser D 39(5):478–485
Zurück zum Zitat Johnsen SJ, Dahl-Jensen D, Gundestrup N, Steffensen JP, Clausen HB, Miller H, Masson-Delmotte V, Sveinbjörnsdottir AE, White J (2001) Oxygen isotope and palaeotemperature records from six Greenland ice-core stations: Camp Century, Dye-3, GRIP, GISP2, Renland and NorthGRIP. J Quaternary Sci 16(4):299–307. doi:10.1002/jqs.622 Johnsen SJ, Dahl-Jensen D, Gundestrup N, Steffensen JP, Clausen HB, Miller H, Masson-Delmotte V, Sveinbjörnsdottir AE, White J (2001) Oxygen isotope and palaeotemperature records from six Greenland ice-core stations: Camp Century, Dye-3, GRIP, GISP2, Renland and NorthGRIP. J Quaternary Sci 16(4):299–307. doi:10.1002/jqs.622
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson BJ, Miller GH, Fogel ML, Magee JW, Gagan MK, Chivas AR (1999) 65,000 years of vegetation change in central Australia and the Australian summer monsoon. Science 284(5417):1150–1152 Johnson BJ, Miller GH, Fogel ML, Magee JW, Gagan MK, Chivas AR (1999) 65,000 years of vegetation change in central Australia and the Australian summer monsoon. Science 284(5417):1150–1152
Zurück zum Zitat Kang SG, Wang XL, Li XN, Lu YC (2010) Anomalous fading of the IRSL signal of polymineral grains in Chinese loess. Radiat Meas 45(1):22–28. doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2009.08.006 Kang SG, Wang XL, Li XN, Lu YC (2010) Anomalous fading of the IRSL signal of polymineral grains in Chinese loess. Radiat Meas 45(1):22–28. doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2009.08.006
Zurück zum Zitat Kemp RA (2001) Pedogenic modification of loess: significance for palaeoclimatic reconstructions. Earth-Sci Rev 54 (1–3):145–156. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(01)00045-9 Kemp RA (2001) Pedogenic modification of loess: significance for palaeoclimatic reconstructions. Earth-Sci Rev 54 (1–3):145–156. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(01)00045-9
Zurück zum Zitat Kukla G (1987) Loess Stratigraphy in Central China. Quaternary Sci Rev 6 (3-4):191–219. doi:10.1016/0277-3791(87)90004-7 Kukla G (1987) Loess Stratigraphy in Central China. Quaternary Sci Rev 6 (3-4):191–219. doi:10.1016/0277-3791(87)90004-7
Zurück zum Zitat Kukla G, An ZS (1989) Loess Stratigraphy in Central China. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 72(1–2):203–225 Kukla G, An ZS (1989) Loess Stratigraphy in Central China. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 72(1–2):203–225
Zurück zum Zitat Kukla G, Heller F, Ming LX, Chun XT, Sheng LT, Sheng AZ (1988) Pleistocene Climates in China Dated by Magnetic-Susceptibility. Geology 16 (9):811-814. doi:10.1130/0091-7613 (1988) 016<0811:Pcicdb>2.3.Co;2 Kukla G, Heller F, Ming LX, Chun XT, Sheng LT, Sheng AZ (1988) Pleistocene Climates in China Dated by Magnetic-Susceptibility. Geology 16 (9):811-814. doi:10.1130/0091-7613 (1988) 016<0811:Pcicdb>2.3.Co;2
Zurück zum Zitat Kutzbach JE, Prell WL, Ruddiman WF (1993) Sensitivity of Eurasian Climate to Surface Uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. J Geol 101(2):177–190 Kutzbach JE, Prell WL, Ruddiman WF (1993) Sensitivity of Eurasian Climate to Surface Uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. J Geol 101(2):177–190
Zurück zum Zitat Lai ZP (2010) Chronology and the upper dating limit for loess samples from Luochuan section in the Chinese Loess Plateau using quartz OSL SAR protocol. J Asian Earth Sci 37(2):176–185. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2009.08.003 Lai ZP (2010) Chronology and the upper dating limit for loess samples from Luochuan section in the Chinese Loess Plateau using quartz OSL SAR protocol. J Asian Earth Sci 37(2):176–185. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2009.08.003
Zurück zum Zitat Lai ZP, Wintle AG (2006) Locating the boundary between the Pleistocene and the Holocene in Chinese loess using luminescence. Holocene 16(6):893–899. doi:10.1191/0959683606hol980rr Lai ZP, Wintle AG (2006) Locating the boundary between the Pleistocene and the Holocene in Chinese loess using luminescence. Holocene 16(6):893–899. doi:10.1191/0959683606hol980rr
Zurück zum Zitat Lai ZP, Wintle AG, Thomas DSG (2007) Rates of dust deposition between 50 ka and 20 ka revealed by OSL dating at Yuanbao on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 248(3–4):431–439. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.12.013 Lai ZP, Wintle AG, Thomas DSG (2007) Rates of dust deposition between 50 ka and 20 ka revealed by OSL dating at Yuanbao on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 248(3–4):431–439. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.12.013
Zurück zum Zitat Laj C, Kissel C, Mazaud A, Channell JET, Beer J (2000) North Atlantic palaeointensity stack since 75 ka (NAPIS-75) and the duration of the Laschamp event. Philos T Roy Soc A 358(1768):1009–1025 Laj C, Kissel C, Mazaud A, Channell JET, Beer J (2000) North Atlantic palaeointensity stack since 75 ka (NAPIS-75) and the duration of the Laschamp event. Philos T Roy Soc A 358(1768):1009–1025
Zurück zum Zitat Lal D (2007) Recycling of cosmogenic nuclides after their removal from the atmosphere; special case of appreciable transport of Be-10 to polar regions by aeolian dust. Earth Planet Sci Lett 264(1–2):177–187. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.09.030 Lal D (2007) Recycling of cosmogenic nuclides after their removal from the atmosphere; special case of appreciable transport of Be-10 to polar regions by aeolian dust. Earth Planet Sci Lett 264(1–2):177–187. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.09.030
Zurück zum Zitat Lal D, Peters B (1967) Cosmic ray produced radioactivity on the earth. In: Handbuch der Physik. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Lal D, Peters B (1967) Cosmic ray produced radioactivity on the earth. In: Handbuch der Physik. Springer-Verlag, Berlin
Zurück zum Zitat Laskar J (1990) The chaotic motion of the solar system: a numerical estimate of the size of the chaotic zones. Icarus (88):226–291 Laskar J (1990) The chaotic motion of the solar system: a numerical estimate of the size of the chaotic zones. Icarus (88):226–291
Zurück zum Zitat Li FJ, Wu NQ, Pei YP, Hao QZ, Rousseau DD (2006) Wind-blown origin of Dongwan late Miocene-Pliocene dust sequence documented by land snail record in western Chinese Loess Plateau. Geology 34(5):405–408. doi:10.1130/G22232.1 Li FJ, Wu NQ, Pei YP, Hao QZ, Rousseau DD (2006) Wind-blown origin of Dongwan late Miocene-Pliocene dust sequence documented by land snail record in western Chinese Loess Plateau. Geology 34(5):405–408. doi:10.1130/G22232.1
Zurück zum Zitat Li HH (1982) Thermoluminescence age of loess. Geochimica 1:82–84 Li HH (1982) Thermoluminescence age of loess. Geochimica 1:82–84
Zurück zum Zitat Li HH, Sun J (1986) Formation age of Malan loess dated by thermoluminescence. Science in China Series B 29(11):1212–1220 Li HH, Sun J (1986) Formation age of Malan loess dated by thermoluminescence. Science in China Series B 29(11):1212–1220
Zurück zum Zitat Li J, Pei Z, ZZW, Lu Y (1977) A preliminary study of both the thermoluminescence of the quartz silts in loess and the age determination of the loess layers. Kexue Tongbao 7:498–502 Li J, Pei Z, ZZW, Lu Y (1977) A preliminary study of both the thermoluminescence of the quartz silts in loess and the age determination of the loess layers. Kexue Tongbao 7:498–502
Zurück zum Zitat Li JJ, Fang XM, Van der Voo R, Zhu JJ, Mac Niocaill C, Cao JX, Zhong W, Chen HL, Wang JL, Wang JM, Zhang YC (1997) Late Cenozoic magnetostratigraphy (11-0 Ma) of the Dongshanding and Wangjiashan sections in the Longzhong Basin, western China. Geol Mijnbouw 76(1–2):121–134 Li JJ, Fang XM, Van der Voo R, Zhu JJ, Mac Niocaill C, Cao JX, Zhong W, Chen HL, Wang JL, Wang JM, Zhang YC (1997) Late Cenozoic magnetostratigraphy (11-0 Ma) of the Dongshanding and Wangjiashan sections in the Longzhong Basin, western China. Geol Mijnbouw 76(1–2):121–134
Zurück zum Zitat Li YM, Liu DS (2003) delta C-13(SC) values of the loesspaleosol sequence in Dali area, Shaanxi Province, China, and paleoenvironmental implications. Chinese Sci Bull 48(9):902–907. doi:10.1360/02wd0224 Li YM, Liu DS (2003) delta C-13(SC) values of the loesspaleosol sequence in Dali area, Shaanxi Province, China, and paleoenvironmental implications. Chinese Sci Bull 48(9):902–907. doi:10.1360/02wd0224
Zurück zum Zitat Libby W (1955) Radiocarbon Dating, 2nd Ed. University of Chicago Press, Chicago Libby W (1955) Radiocarbon Dating, 2nd Ed. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
Zurück zum Zitat Lin BH, Liu R (1992) The stable isotope evidence of the variance of the Summer Monsoon in the Loess Plateau from recent 800 ka. Chinese Sci Bull 37 (18):1691–1693 Lin BH, Liu R (1992) The stable isotope evidence of the variance of the Summer Monsoon in the Loess Plateau from recent 800 ka. Chinese Sci Bull 37 (18):1691–1693
Zurück zum Zitat Lin BH, Liu RM, An ZS (1991) Preliminary research on stable isotopic compositions of Chinese loess. In: Liu T (ed) Environment and Global Ghange. Science Press, Beijing, pp 124–131 Lin BH, Liu RM, An ZS (1991) Preliminary research on stable isotopic compositions of Chinese loess. In: Liu T (ed) Environment and Global Ghange. Science Press, Beijing, pp 124–131
Zurück zum Zitat Lisiecki LE, Raymo ME (2005) A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic delta O-18 records. Paleoceanography 20 (1):Pa1003. doi:10.1029/2004pa001071 Lisiecki LE, Raymo ME (2005) A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic delta O-18 records. Paleoceanography 20 (1):Pa1003. doi:10.1029/2004pa001071
Zurück zum Zitat Liu JF, Guo ZT, Qiao YS, Hao QZ, Yuan BY (2006a) Eolian origin of the Miocene loess-soil sequence at Qin’an, China: Evidence of quartz morphology and quartz grain-size. Chinese Sci Bull 51(1):117–120. doi:10.1007/s11434-005-0811-8 Liu JF, Guo ZT, Qiao YS, Hao QZ, Yuan BY (2006a) Eolian origin of the Miocene loess-soil sequence at Qin’an, China: Evidence of quartz morphology and quartz grain-size. Chinese Sci Bull 51(1):117–120. doi:10.1007/s11434-005-0811-8
Zurück zum Zitat Liu L, Chen J, Ji J, Chen Y (2004) Comparison of paleoclimatic change from Zr/Rb ratios in Chinese loess with marine isotope records over the 2.6-1.2 Ma BP interval. Geophys Res Lett 31 (15):L15204. doi:10.1029/2004GL019693 Liu L, Chen J, Ji J, Chen Y (2004) Comparison of paleoclimatic change from Zr/Rb ratios in Chinese loess with marine isotope records over the 2.6-1.2 Ma BP interval. Geophys Res Lett 31 (15):L15204. doi:10.1029/2004GL019693
Zurück zum Zitat Liu QS, Roberts AP, Rohling EJ, Zhu R, Sun Y (2008) Post-depositional remanent magnetization lock-in and the location of the Matuyama-Brunhes geomagnetic reversal boundary in marine and Chinese loess sequences. Earth Planet Sci Lett 275(1–2):102–110. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.08.004 Liu QS, Roberts AP, Rohling EJ, Zhu R, Sun Y (2008) Post-depositional remanent magnetization lock-in and the location of the Matuyama-Brunhes geomagnetic reversal boundary in marine and Chinese loess sequences. Earth Planet Sci Lett 275(1–2):102–110. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.08.004
Zurück zum Zitat Liu T, Wen Q, An Z, Zheng H (1980) Loess deposits and the palaeoclimatic evolution since the Pleistocene in China. Paper presented at the International Geology Congress, Paris Liu T, Wen Q, An Z, Zheng H (1980) Loess deposits and the palaeoclimatic evolution since the Pleistocene in China. Paper presented at the International Geology Congress, Paris
Zurück zum Zitat Liu TS (1985) Loess and the Environment. China Ocean Press, Beijing Liu TS (1985) Loess and the Environment. China Ocean Press, Beijing
Zurück zum Zitat Liu TS, Chang TH (1962) The Huangtu (loess) of China. Acta Geol Sin 42(42):1–14 Liu TS, Chang TH (1962) The Huangtu (loess) of China. Acta Geol Sin 42(42):1–14
Zurück zum Zitat Liu TS, Ding ZL (1993) Stepwise Coupling of Monsoon Circulations to Global Ice Volume Variations during the Late Cenozoic. Global Planet Change 7(1-3):119–130 Liu TS, Ding ZL (1993) Stepwise Coupling of Monsoon Circulations to Global Ice Volume Variations during the Late Cenozoic. Global Planet Change 7(1-3):119–130
Zurück zum Zitat Liu TS, Ding ZL (1998) Chinese loess and the paleomonsoon. Annu Rev Earth Pl Sc 26:111–145 Liu TS, Ding ZL (1998) Chinese loess and the paleomonsoon. Annu Rev Earth Pl Sc 26:111–145
Zurück zum Zitat Liu TS, Ding ZL, Rutter N (1999a) Comparison of Milankovitch periods between continental loess and deep sea records over the last 2.5 Ma. Quaternary Sci Rev 18(10–11):1205–1212 Liu TS, Ding ZL, Rutter N (1999a) Comparison of Milankovitch periods between continental loess and deep sea records over the last 2.5 Ma. Quaternary Sci Rev 18(10–11):1205–1212
Zurück zum Zitat Liu TS, Guo ZT, Liu JQ, Han JM, Ding ZL, Gu ZY, Wu NQ (1995a) Variations of Eastern Asian Monsoon over the Last 140,000 Years. B Soc Geol Fr 166(2):221–229 Liu TS, Guo ZT, Liu JQ, Han JM, Ding ZL, Gu ZY, Wu NQ (1995a) Variations of Eastern Asian Monsoon over the Last 140,000 Years. B Soc Geol Fr 166(2):221–229
Zurück zum Zitat Liu WG, An ZS, Zhou WJ, Head MJ, Cai DL (2003a) Carbon isotope and C/N ratios of suspended matter in rivers: an indicator of seasonal change in C-4/C-3 vegetation. Appl Geochem 18 (8):1241–1249. doi:10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00249-4 Liu WG, An ZS, Zhou WJ, Head MJ, Cai DL (2003a) Carbon isotope and C/N ratios of suspended matter in rivers: an indicator of seasonal change in C-4/C-3 vegetation. Appl Geochem 18 (8):1241–1249. doi:10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00249-4
Zurück zum Zitat Liu WG, Feng XH, Ning YF, Zhang QL, Cao YN, An ZS (2005a) delta C-13 variation of C-3 and C-4 plants across an Asian monsoon rainfall gradient in arid northwestern China. Global Change Biol 11(7):1094–1100. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00969.x Liu WG, Feng XH, Ning YF, Zhang QL, Cao YN, An ZS (2005a) delta C-13 variation of C-3 and C-4 plants across an Asian monsoon rainfall gradient in arid northwestern China. Global Change Biol 11(7):1094–1100. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00969.x
Zurück zum Zitat Liu WG, Ning YF, An ZS, Wu ZH, Lu HY, Cao YN (2005b) Carbon isotopic composition of modern soil and paleosol as a response to vegetation change on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Sci China Ser D 48(1):93–99. doi:10.1360/02yd0148 Liu WG, Ning YF, An ZS, Wu ZH, Lu HY, Cao YN (2005b) Carbon isotopic composition of modern soil and paleosol as a response to vegetation change on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Sci China Ser D 48(1):93–99. doi:10.1360/02yd0148
Zurück zum Zitat Liu WG, Yang H, Li LW (2006b) Hydrogen isotopic compositions of n-alkanes from terrestrial plants correlate with their ecological life forms. Oecologia 150(2):330–338. doi:10.1007/s00442-006-0494-0 Liu WG, Yang H, Li LW (2006b) Hydrogen isotopic compositions of n-alkanes from terrestrial plants correlate with their ecological life forms. Oecologia 150(2):330–338. doi:10.1007/s00442-006-0494-0
Zurück zum Zitat Liu X, Yin ZY (2002) Sensitivity of East Asian monsoon climate to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 183(3):223–245 Liu X, Yin ZY (2002) Sensitivity of East Asian monsoon climate to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 183(3):223–245
Zurück zum Zitat Liu XD, Chen BD (2000) Climatic warming in the Tibetan Plateau during recent decades. Int J Climatol 20 (14):1729-1742. doi:10.1002/1097-0088(20001130)20:14<1729::Aid-Joc556>3.0.Co;2–Y Liu XD, Chen BD (2000) Climatic warming in the Tibetan Plateau during recent decades. Int J Climatol 20 (14):1729-1742. doi:10.1002/1097-0088(20001130)20:14<1729::Aid-Joc556>3.0.Co;2–Y
Zurück zum Zitat Liu XM, An Z, Rolph T, Qiang X, Hesse P, Lu H, Zhou J, Cai Y (2001) Magnetic properties of the Tertiary red clay from Gansu. Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci 44(7):635–651. doi:10.1007/BF02875337 Liu XM, An Z, Rolph T, Qiang X, Hesse P, Lu H, Zhou J, Cai Y (2001) Magnetic properties of the Tertiary red clay from Gansu. Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci 44(7):635–651. doi:10.1007/BF02875337
Zurück zum Zitat Liu XM, Hesse P, Rolph T, Beget JE (1999b) Properties of magnetic mineralogy of Alaskan loess: evidence for pedogenesis. Quatern Int 62:93–102. doi:10.1016/S1040-6182(99)00027-0 Liu XM, Hesse P, Rolph T, Beget JE (1999b) Properties of magnetic mineralogy of Alaskan loess: evidence for pedogenesis. Quatern Int 62:93–102. doi:10.1016/S1040-6182(99)00027-0
Zurück zum Zitat Liu XM, Liu TS, Xu TC, Liu C, Chen MY (1988) The Chinese Loess in Xifeng .1. The Primary Study on Magnetostratigraphy of a Loess Profile in Xifeng Area, Gansu Province. Geophys J Int 92(2):345–348 Liu XM, Liu TS, Xu TC, Liu C, Chen MY (1988) The Chinese Loess in Xifeng .1. The Primary Study on Magnetostratigraphy of a Loess Profile in Xifeng Area, Gansu Province. Geophys J Int 92(2):345–348
Zurück zum Zitat Liu XM, Rolph T, An ZS, Hesse P (2003b) Paleoclimatic significance of magnetic properties on the Red Clay underlying the loess and paleosols in China. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 199 (1–2):153–166. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00504-2 Liu XM, Rolph T, An ZS, Hesse P (2003b) Paleoclimatic significance of magnetic properties on the Red Clay underlying the loess and paleosols in China. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 199 (1–2):153–166. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00504-2
Zurück zum Zitat Liu XM, Rolph T, Bloemendal J, Shaw J, Liu TS (1995b) Quantitative Estimates of Palaeoprecipitation at Xifeng, in the Loess Plateau of China. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 113(2–4):243–248 Liu XM, Rolph T, Bloemendal J, Shaw J, Liu TS (1995b) Quantitative Estimates of Palaeoprecipitation at Xifeng, in the Loess Plateau of China. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 113(2–4):243–248
Zurück zum Zitat Liu XM, Xu T, Liu T (1989) The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and the genesis of Chinese loess: Implication to Quaternary research. Science in China (Series B) (4):441–448 Liu XM, Xu T, Liu T (1989) The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and the genesis of Chinese loess: Implication to Quaternary research. Science in China (Series B) (4):441–448
Zurück zum Zitat Lowick SE, Preusser F (2011) Investigating age underestimation in the high dose region of optically stimulated luminescence using fine grain quartz. Quaternary Geochronology 6(1):33–41. doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2010.08.001 Lowick SE, Preusser F (2011) Investigating age underestimation in the high dose region of optically stimulated luminescence using fine grain quartz. Quaternary Geochronology 6(1):33–41. doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2010.08.001
Zurück zum Zitat Lowick SE, Preusser F, Pini R, Ravazzi C (2010) Underestimation of fine grain quartz OSL dating towards the Eemian: Comparison with palynostratigraphy from Azzano Decimo, northeastern Italy. Quaternary Geochronology 5(5):583–590. doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2009.12.003 Lowick SE, Preusser F, Pini R, Ravazzi C (2010) Underestimation of fine grain quartz OSL dating towards the Eemian: Comparison with palynostratigraphy from Azzano Decimo, northeastern Italy. Quaternary Geochronology 5(5):583–590. doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2009.12.003
Zurück zum Zitat Lu H, Zhang FQ, Liu X, Duce RA (2004a) Periodicities of palaeoclimatic variations recorded by loess-paleosol sequences in China. Quaternary Sci Rev 23(18–19):1891–1900. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.06.005 Lu H, Zhang FQ, Liu X, Duce RA (2004a) Periodicities of palaeoclimatic variations recorded by loess-paleosol sequences in China. Quaternary Sci Rev 23(18–19):1891–1900. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.06.005
Zurück zum Zitat Lu HY, Han JM, Wu NQ, Guo ZT (1994) Determination of modern soil in China and its paleoclimatic significance. Science In China (series B) 24 (12):1290–1297 Lu HY, Han JM, Wu NQ, Guo ZT (1994) Determination of modern soil in China and its paleoclimatic significance. Science In China (series B) 24 (12):1290–1297
Zurück zum Zitat Lu HY, Liu XD, Zhang FQ, An ZS, Dodson J (1999) Astronomical calibration of loess-paleosol deposits at Luochuan, central Chinese loess plateau. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 154 (237–246) Lu HY, Liu XD, Zhang FQ, An ZS, Dodson J (1999) Astronomical calibration of loess-paleosol deposits at Luochuan, central Chinese loess plateau. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 154 (237–246)
Zurück zum Zitat Lu HY, Stevens T, Yi S, Sun X (2006) An erosional hiatus in Chinese loess sequences revealed by closely spaced optical dating. Chinese Sci Bull 51(18):2253–2259. doi:10.1007/s11434-006-2097-x Lu HY, Stevens T, Yi S, Sun X (2006) An erosional hiatus in Chinese loess sequences revealed by closely spaced optical dating. Chinese Sci Bull 51(18):2253–2259. doi:10.1007/s11434-006-2097-x
Zurück zum Zitat Lu HY, Vandenberghe J, An ZS (2001) Aeolian origin and palaeoclimatic implications of the ’Red Clay’ (north China) as evidenced by grain-size distribution. J Quaternary Sci 16 (1):89-97. doi:10.1002/1099-1417(200101)16:1<89::Aid-Jqs578>3.0.Co;2–8 Lu HY, Vandenberghe J, An ZS (2001) Aeolian origin and palaeoclimatic implications of the ’Red Clay’ (north China) as evidenced by grain-size distribution. J Quaternary Sci 16 (1):89-97. doi:10.1002/1099-1417(200101)16:1<89::Aid-Jqs578>3.0.Co;2–8
Zurück zum Zitat Lu HY, Wang XY, An ZS, Miao XD, Zhu RX, Ma HZ, Li Z, Tan HB, Wang XY (2004b) Geomorphologic evidence of phased uplift of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since 14 million years ago. Sci China Ser D 47(9):822–833. doi:10.1360/03yd0315 Lu HY, Wang XY, An ZS, Miao XD, Zhu RX, Ma HZ, Li Z, Tan HB, Wang XY (2004b) Geomorphologic evidence of phased uplift of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since 14 million years ago. Sci China Ser D 47(9):822–833. doi:10.1360/03yd0315
Zurück zum Zitat Lu YC (1981) Pleistocene climatic cycles and variation of CaCO3 content in a loess profile. Chin J Geol 16:122–131 Lu YC (1981) Pleistocene climatic cycles and variation of CaCO3 content in a loess profile. Chin J Geol 16:122–131
Zurück zum Zitat Lu YC, An ZS (1979) Quest for series of national environmental chagnes in loess plateau during Brunhes epoch. Kexue Tongbao 24:221–224 Lu YC, An ZS (1979) Quest for series of national environmental chagnes in loess plateau during Brunhes epoch. Kexue Tongbao 24:221–224
Zurück zum Zitat Lu YC, Prescott JR, Robertson GB, Hutton JT (1987) Thermoluminescence dating of the Malan loess at Zhaitang, China. Geology 15 (7):603-605. doi:10.1130/0091-7613 (1987) 15<603:tdotml>2.0.co;2 Lu YC, Prescott JR, Robertson GB, Hutton JT (1987) Thermoluminescence dating of the Malan loess at Zhaitang, China. Geology 15 (7):603-605. doi:10.1130/0091-7613 (1987) 15<603:tdotml>2.0.co;2
Zurück zum Zitat Lu YC, Wang XL, Wintle AG (2007) A new OSL chronology for dust accumulation in the last 130,000 yr for the Chinese Loess Plateau. Quatern Res 67(1):152–160. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2006.08.003 Lu YC, Wang XL, Wintle AG (2007) A new OSL chronology for dust accumulation in the last 130,000 yr for the Chinese Loess Plateau. Quatern Res 67(1):152–160. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2006.08.003
Zurück zum Zitat Lu YC, Zhang J, Xie J (1988) Thermoluminescence dating of loess and palaeosols from the Lantian section, Shaanxi province, China. Quaternary Sci Rev 7 (3–4):245–250. doi:10.1016/0277-3791(88)90011-x Lu YC, Zhang J, Xie J (1988) Thermoluminescence dating of loess and palaeosols from the Lantian section, Shaanxi province, China. Quaternary Sci Rev 7 (3–4):245–250. doi:10.1016/0277-3791(88)90011-x
Zurück zum Zitat Ma Y, Li J, Fan X (1998) Pollen-based vegetational and climaticrecords during 30.6 to 5.0 My from Linxia area, Gansu. Chinese Sci Bull 43(3):301–304 Ma Y, Li J, Fan X (1998) Pollen-based vegetational and climaticrecords during 30.6 to 5.0 My from Linxia area, Gansu. Chinese Sci Bull 43(3):301–304
Zurück zum Zitat Maher BA (1998) Magnetic properties of modern soils and Quaternary loessic paleosols: paleoclimatic implications. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 137(1–2):25–54 Maher BA (1998) Magnetic properties of modern soils and Quaternary loessic paleosols: paleoclimatic implications. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 137(1–2):25–54
Zurück zum Zitat Maher BA, Thompson R (1995) Paleorainfall reconstructions from pedogenic magnetic susceptibility variations in the Chinese Loess and Paleosols. Quatern Res 44(3):383–391. doi:10.1006/qres.1995.1083 Maher BA, Thompson R (1995) Paleorainfall reconstructions from pedogenic magnetic susceptibility variations in the Chinese Loess and Paleosols. Quatern Res 44(3):383–391. doi:10.1006/qres.1995.1083
Zurück zum Zitat Maher BA, Thompson R, Zhou LP (1994) Spatial and Temporal Reconstructions of Changes in the Asian Palaeomonsoon—a new mineral magnetic approach. Earth Planet Sci Lett 125(1–4):461–471 Maher BA, Thompson R, Zhou LP (1994) Spatial and Temporal Reconstructions of Changes in the Asian Palaeomonsoon—a new mineral magnetic approach. Earth Planet Sci Lett 125(1–4):461–471
Zurück zum Zitat Masarik J, Beer J (1999) Simulation of particle fluxes and cosmogenic nuclide production in the Earth’s atmosphere. J Geophys Res-Atmos 104 (D10):12099-12111. doi:10.1029/1998jd200091 Masarik J, Beer J (1999) Simulation of particle fluxes and cosmogenic nuclide production in the Earth’s atmosphere. J Geophys Res-Atmos 104 (D10):12099-12111. doi:10.1029/1998jd200091
Zurück zum Zitat Mehra OP, Jackson ML (1960) Iron oxide removal from soils and clays by a Dithionite-Citrate System Buffered with Sodium Bicarbonate. Clays and Minerals 5:317–327 Mehra OP, Jackson ML (1960) Iron oxide removal from soils and clays by a Dithionite-Citrate System Buffered with Sodium Bicarbonate. Clays and Minerals 5:317–327
Zurück zum Zitat Members EC(2004) Eight glacial cycles from an Antarctic ice core. Nature 429(6992):623–628. doi:10.1038/Nature02599 Members EC(2004) Eight glacial cycles from an Antarctic ice core. Nature 429(6992):623–628. doi:10.1038/Nature02599
Zurück zum Zitat Merrill RT, Mcfadden PL (1995) Dynamo Theory and Paleomagnetism. J Geophys Res-Sol Ea 100 (B1):317-326. doi:10.1029/94jb02361 Merrill RT, Mcfadden PL (1995) Dynamo Theory and Paleomagnetism. J Geophys Res-Sol Ea 100 (B1):317-326. doi:10.1029/94jb02361
Zurück zum Zitat Milankovitch M (1930) Mathematische Klimalehre und Astronomische Theorie der Klimaschwankungen. In: Köppen (ed) Handbuch der Klimalogie Band 1. Teil A Borntrager, Berlin, Milankovitch M (1930) Mathematische Klimalehre und Astronomische Theorie der Klimaschwankungen. In: Köppen (ed) Handbuch der Klimalogie Band 1. Teil A Borntrager, Berlin,
Zurück zum Zitat Mohr H, Schopfer P (1995) C4 Plants and CAM Plants. In: Plant Physiology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 245–257. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-97570-7_15 Mohr H, Schopfer P (1995) C4 Plants and CAM Plants. In: Plant Physiology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 245–257. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-97570-7_15
Zurück zum Zitat Morgan ME, Kingston JD, Marino BD (1994) Carbon Isotopic Evidence for the Emergence of C4 Plants in the Neogene from Pakistan and Kenya. Nature 367(6459):162–165. doi:10.1038/367162a0 Morgan ME, Kingston JD, Marino BD (1994) Carbon Isotopic Evidence for the Emergence of C4 Plants in the Neogene from Pakistan and Kenya. Nature 367(6459):162–165. doi:10.1038/367162a0
Zurück zum Zitat Murray A, Olley J (2002) Precision and accuracy in the optically stimulated luminescence dating of sedimentary quartz: a status review. Geochronometria 21:1–16 Murray A, Olley J (2002) Precision and accuracy in the optically stimulated luminescence dating of sedimentary quartz: a status review. Geochronometria 21:1–16
Zurück zum Zitat Murray AS, Svendsen JI, Mangerud J, Astakhov VI (2007) Testing the accuracy of quartz OSL dating using a known-age Eemian site on the river Sula, northern Russia. Quaternary Geochronology 2(1-4):102–109. doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2006.04.004 Murray AS, Svendsen JI, Mangerud J, Astakhov VI (2007) Testing the accuracy of quartz OSL dating using a known-age Eemian site on the river Sula, northern Russia. Quaternary Geochronology 2(1-4):102–109. doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2006.04.004
Zurück zum Zitat Muscheler R, Beer R, Kubik PW, Synal HA (2005) Geomagnetic field intensity during the last 60,000 years based on Be-10 and Cl-36 from the Summit ice cores and C-14. Quaternary Sci Rev 24(16-17):1849–1860. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.01.012 Muscheler R, Beer R, Kubik PW, Synal HA (2005) Geomagnetic field intensity during the last 60,000 years based on Be-10 and Cl-36 from the Summit ice cores and C-14. Quaternary Sci Rev 24(16-17):1849–1860. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.01.012
Zurück zum Zitat Ning YF, Liu WG, An ZS (2008) A 130-ka reconstruction of precipitation on the Chinese Loess Plateau from organic carbon isotopes. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 270(1-2):59–63. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.08.015 Ning YF, Liu WG, An ZS (2008) A 130-ka reconstruction of precipitation on the Chinese Loess Plateau from organic carbon isotopes. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 270(1-2):59–63. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.08.015
Zurück zum Zitat Nordt LC, Boutton TW, Jacob JS, Mandel RD (2002) C-4 plant productivity and Climate-CO2 variations in south-central Texas during the late Quaternary. Quatern Res 58(2):182–188. doi:10.1006/qres.2002.2344 Nordt LC, Boutton TW, Jacob JS, Mandel RD (2002) C-4 plant productivity and Climate-CO2 variations in south-central Texas during the late Quaternary. Quatern Res 58(2):182–188. doi:10.1006/qres.2002.2344
Zurück zum Zitat Nugteren G, Vandenberghe J (2004) Spatial climatic variability on the Central Loess Plateau (China) as recorded by grain size for the last 250 kyr. Global Planet Change 41(3–4):185–206. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.01.005 Nugteren G, Vandenberghe J (2004) Spatial climatic variability on the Central Loess Plateau (China) as recorded by grain size for the last 250 kyr. Global Planet Change 41(3–4):185–206. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.01.005
Zurück zum Zitat Olsson IU (1980) 14C extractives from wood. Radiocarbon 22 (2) Olsson IU (1980) 14C extractives from wood. Radiocarbon 22 (2)
Zurück zum Zitat Pagani M, Freeman KH, Arthur MA (1999) Late Miocene Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations and the Expansion of C4 Grasses. Science 285(5429):876–879. doi:10.1126/science.285.5429.876 Pagani M, Freeman KH, Arthur MA (1999) Late Miocene Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations and the Expansion of C4 Grasses. Science 285(5429):876–879. doi:10.1126/science.285.5429.876
Zurück zum Zitat Pan YX, Zhu RX, Shaw J, Liu QS, Guo B (2001a) Can relative paleointensities be determined from the normalized magnetization of the wind-blown loess of China? J Geophys Res-Sol Ea 106(B9):19221–19232 Pan YX, Zhu RX, Shaw J, Liu QS, Guo B (2001a) Can relative paleointensities be determined from the normalized magnetization of the wind-blown loess of China? J Geophys Res-Sol Ea 106(B9):19221–19232
Zurück zum Zitat Pan YX, Zhu RX, Shaw J, Liu QS, Guo B (2001b) Can relative paleointensities be determined from the normalized magnetization of the wind-blown loess of China?. J Geophys Resear: Solid Earth 106 (B9):19221–19232 Pan YX, Zhu RX, Shaw J, Liu QS, Guo B (2001b) Can relative paleointensities be determined from the normalized magnetization of the wind-blown loess of China?. J Geophys Resear: Solid Earth 106 (B9):19221–19232
Zurück zum Zitat Pang JL, Huang CC, Liu A, Wang LJ (2007) Ba/Sr and Rb/Sr ratio of holocene loess-palaeosol sequences and its significiance in south Loess Plateau. China Quat Resear 27:357–364 Pang JL, Huang CC, Liu A, Wang LJ (2007) Ba/Sr and Rb/Sr ratio of holocene loess-palaeosol sequences and its significiance in south Loess Plateau. China Quat Resear 27:357–364
Zurück zum Zitat Peng S, Guo Z (2001) Geochemical indicator of original eolian grain size and implications on winter monsoon evolution. Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci 44(1):261–266. doi:10.1007/BF02911995 Peng S, Guo Z (2001) Geochemical indicator of original eolian grain size and implications on winter monsoon evolution. Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci 44(1):261–266. doi:10.1007/BF02911995
Zurück zum Zitat Petit JR, Jouzel J, Raynaud D, Barkov NI, Barnola JM, Basile I, Bender M, Chappellaz J, Davis M, Delaygue G, Delmotte M, Kotlyakov VM, Legrand M, Lipenkov VY, Lorius C, Pepin L, Ritz C, Saltzman E, Stievenard M (1999) Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica. Nature 399(6735):429–436 Petit JR, Jouzel J, Raynaud D, Barkov NI, Barnola JM, Basile I, Bender M, Chappellaz J, Davis M, Delaygue G, Delmotte M, Kotlyakov VM, Legrand M, Lipenkov VY, Lorius C, Pepin L, Ritz C, Saltzman E, Stievenard M (1999) Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica. Nature 399(6735):429–436
Zurück zum Zitat Porter SC (2000) High-resolution paleoclimatic information from Chinese eolian sediments based on grayscale intensity profiles. Quatern Res 53:70–77 Porter SC (2000) High-resolution paleoclimatic information from Chinese eolian sediments based on grayscale intensity profiles. Quatern Res 53:70–77
Zurück zum Zitat Porter SC, An ZS (1995) Correlation between climate events in the North Atlantic and China during the last glaciation. Nature 375(6529):305–308. doi:10.1038/375305a0 Porter SC, An ZS (1995) Correlation between climate events in the North Atlantic and China during the last glaciation. Nature 375(6529):305–308. doi:10.1038/375305a0
Zurück zum Zitat Porter SC, Hallet B, Wu XH, An ZH (2001) Dependence of near-surface magnetic susceptibility on dust accumulation rate and precipitation on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Quatern Res 55(3):271–283 Porter SC, Hallet B, Wu XH, An ZH (2001) Dependence of near-surface magnetic susceptibility on dust accumulation rate and precipitation on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Quatern Res 55(3):271–283
Zurück zum Zitat Porter SC, Zhou WJ (2006) Synchronism of Holocene East Asian monsoon variations and North Atlantic drift-ice tracers. Quatern Res 65(3):443–449. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2006.01.007 Porter SC, Zhou WJ (2006) Synchronism of Holocene East Asian monsoon variations and North Atlantic drift-ice tracers. Quatern Res 65(3):443–449. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2006.01.007
Zurück zum Zitat Prell W, Kutzbach J (1997) The impact of Tibet-Himalayan elevation on the sensitivity of the monsoon climate system to changes in solar radiation. In: Ruddiman WF (ed) Tectonic Uplift and Climate Change. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, pp. 171–201 Prell W, Kutzbach J (1997) The impact of Tibet-Himalayan elevation on the sensitivity of the monsoon climate system to changes in solar radiation. In: Ruddiman WF (ed) Tectonic Uplift and Climate Change. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, pp. 171–201
Zurück zum Zitat Prescott JR, Robertson GB (1997) Sediment dating by luminescence: a review. Radiat Meas 27 (5–6):893–922. doi:10.1016/s1350-4487(97)00204-7 Prescott JR, Robertson GB (1997) Sediment dating by luminescence: a review. Radiat Meas 27 (5–6):893–922. doi:10.1016/s1350-4487(97)00204-7
Zurück zum Zitat Priller A, Berger M, Gaggeler HW, Gerasopoulos E, Kubik PW, Schnabel C, Tobler L, Wild EM, Zanis P, Zerefos C (2004) Accelerator mass spectrometry of particle-bound Be-10. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 223:601–607. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2004.04.111 Priller A, Berger M, Gaggeler HW, Gerasopoulos E, Kubik PW, Schnabel C, Tobler L, Wild EM, Zanis P, Zerefos C (2004) Accelerator mass spectrometry of particle-bound Be-10. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 223:601–607. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2004.04.111
Zurück zum Zitat Prins MA, Vriend M, Nugteren G, Vandenberghe J, Lu HY, Zheng HB, Weltje GJ (2007) Late Quaternary aeolian dust input variability on the Chinese Loess Plateau: inferences from unmixing of loess grain-size records. Quaternary Sci Rev 26(1–2):230–242. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.07.002 Prins MA, Vriend M, Nugteren G, Vandenberghe J, Lu HY, Zheng HB, Weltje GJ (2007) Late Quaternary aeolian dust input variability on the Chinese Loess Plateau: inferences from unmixing of loess grain-size records. Quaternary Sci Rev 26(1–2):230–242. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.07.002
Zurück zum Zitat Pyankov VI, Gunin PD, Tsoog S, Black CC (2000) C-4 plants in the vegetation of Mongolia: their natural occurrence and geographical distribution in relation to climate. Oecologia 123(1):15–31 Pyankov VI, Gunin PD, Tsoog S, Black CC (2000) C-4 plants in the vegetation of Mongolia: their natural occurrence and geographical distribution in relation to climate. Oecologia 123(1):15–31
Zurück zum Zitat Pye K (1987) Aeolian dust and dust deposits. Academic Press, London Pye K (1987) Aeolian dust and dust deposits. Academic Press, London
Zurück zum Zitat Qiang MR, Chen FH, Wang ZT, Niu GM, Song L (2010) Aeolian deposits at the southeastern margin of the Tengger Desert (China): Implications for surface wind strength in the Asian dust source area over the past 20,000 years. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 286(1–2):66–80. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.12.005 Qiang MR, Chen FH, Wang ZT, Niu GM, Song L (2010) Aeolian deposits at the southeastern margin of the Tengger Desert (China): Implications for surface wind strength in the Asian dust source area over the past 20,000 years. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 286(1–2):66–80. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.12.005
Zurück zum Zitat Qiang XK, An ZS, Li HM, Chang H, Song YG (2005) Magnetic properties of Jiaxian red clay sequences from northern Chinese Loess Plateau and its paleoclimatic significance. Sci China Ser D 48(8):1234–1245. doi:10.1360/03yd0251 Qiang XK, An ZS, Li HM, Chang H, Song YG (2005) Magnetic properties of Jiaxian red clay sequences from northern Chinese Loess Plateau and its paleoclimatic significance. Sci China Ser D 48(8):1234–1245. doi:10.1360/03yd0251
Zurück zum Zitat Qiang XK, An ZS, Song YG, Chang H, Sun YB, Liu WG, Ao H, Dong JB, Fu CF, Wu F, Lu FY, Cai YJ, Zhou WJ, Cao JJ, Xu XW, Ai L (2011) New eolian red clay sequence on the western Chinese Loess Plateau linked to onset of Asian desertification about 25 Ma ago. Sci China Earth Sci 54(1):136–144. doi:10.1007/s11430-010-4126-5 Qiang XK, An ZS, Song YG, Chang H, Sun YB, Liu WG, Ao H, Dong JB, Fu CF, Wu F, Lu FY, Cai YJ, Zhou WJ, Cao JJ, Xu XW, Ai L (2011) New eolian red clay sequence on the western Chinese Loess Plateau linked to onset of Asian desertification about 25 Ma ago. Sci China Earth Sci 54(1):136–144. doi:10.1007/s11430-010-4126-5
Zurück zum Zitat Qiang XK, Li ZX, Powell CM, Zheng HB (2001) Magnetostratigraphic record of the Late Miocene onset of the East Asian monsoon, and Pliocene uplift of northern Tibet. Earth Planet Sci Lett 187(1-2):83–93 Qiang XK, Li ZX, Powell CM, Zheng HB (2001) Magnetostratigraphic record of the Late Miocene onset of the East Asian monsoon, and Pliocene uplift of northern Tibet. Earth Planet Sci Lett 187(1-2):83–93
Zurück zum Zitat Qiao Y, Huang B, Zhou M (1987) 14C Dating of loess. In: T.S L (ed) Loess and the environment. China Ocean Press, Beijing, pp 81–92 Qiao Y, Huang B, Zhou M (1987) 14C Dating of loess. In: T.S L (ed) Loess and the environment. China Ocean Press, Beijing, pp 81–92
Zurück zum Zitat Qiao YS, Guo ZT, Hao QZ, Yin QZ, Yuan BY, Liu TS (2006) Grain-size features of a Miocene loess-soil sequence at Qinan: Implications on its origin. Sci China Ser D 49(7):731–738. doi:10.1007/s11430-006-0731-8 Qiao YS, Guo ZT, Hao QZ, Yin QZ, Yuan BY, Liu TS (2006) Grain-size features of a Miocene loess-soil sequence at Qinan: Implications on its origin. Sci China Ser D 49(7):731–738. doi:10.1007/s11430-006-0731-8
Zurück zum Zitat Qin X, Cai B, Liu T (2005) Loess record of the aerodynamic environment in the east Asia monsoon area since 60,000 years before present. J Geophys Resear: Solid Earth 110 (B1):B01204. doi:10.1029/2004JB003131 Qin X, Cai B, Liu T (2005) Loess record of the aerodynamic environment in the east Asia monsoon area since 60,000 years before present. J Geophys Resear: Solid Earth 110 (B1):B01204. doi:10.1029/2004JB003131
Zurück zum Zitat Quade J, Cerling TE (1995) Expansion of C-4 Grasses in the Late Miocene of Northern Pakistan - Evidence from Stable Isotopes in Paleosols. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 115(1-4):91–116 Quade J, Cerling TE (1995) Expansion of C-4 Grasses in the Late Miocene of Northern Pakistan - Evidence from Stable Isotopes in Paleosols. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 115(1-4):91–116
Zurück zum Zitat Quade J, Cerling TE, Bowman JR (1989) Development of Asian monsoon revealed by marked ecological shift during the latest Miocene in Northern Pakistan. Nature 342(6246):163–166 Quade J, Cerling TE, Bowman JR (1989) Development of Asian monsoon revealed by marked ecological shift during the latest Miocene in Northern Pakistan. Nature 342(6246):163–166
Zurück zum Zitat Ravelo AC, Andreasen DH, Lyle M, Lyle AO, Wara MW (2004) Regional climate shifts caused by gradual global cooling in the Pliocene epoch. Nature 429(6989):263–267. doi:10.1038/Nature02567 Ravelo AC, Andreasen DH, Lyle M, Lyle AO, Wara MW (2004) Regional climate shifts caused by gradual global cooling in the Pliocene epoch. Nature 429(6989):263–267. doi:10.1038/Nature02567
Zurück zum Zitat Raymo ME, Ruddiman WF (1992) Tectonic Forcing of Late Cenozoic Climate. Nature 359(6391):117–122 Raymo ME, Ruddiman WF (1992) Tectonic Forcing of Late Cenozoic Climate. Nature 359(6391):117–122
Zurück zum Zitat Rea DK (1994) The paleoclimatic record provided by eolian deposition in the deep-sea—the geologic history of wind. Rev Geophys 32(2):159–195 Rea DK (1994) The paleoclimatic record provided by eolian deposition in the deep-sea—the geologic history of wind. Rev Geophys 32(2):159–195
Zurück zum Zitat Rea DK, Snoeckx H, Joseph LH (1998) Late Cenozoic eolian deposition in the North Pacific: Asian drying, Tibetan uplift, and cooling of the northern hemisphere. Paleoceanography 13(3):215–224 Rea DK, Snoeckx H, Joseph LH (1998) Late Cenozoic eolian deposition in the North Pacific: Asian drying, Tibetan uplift, and cooling of the northern hemisphere. Paleoceanography 13(3):215–224
Zurück zum Zitat Regnéll J (1992) Preparing pollen concentrates for AMS dating—a methodological study from a hard-water lake in southern Sweden. Boreas 21(4):373–377. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3885.1992.tb00042.x Regnéll J (1992) Preparing pollen concentrates for AMS dating—a methodological study from a hard-water lake in southern Sweden. Boreas 21(4):373–377. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3885.1992.tb00042.x
Zurück zum Zitat Reheis MC (1987) Climatic implications of alternating clay and carbonate formation in semiarid soils of South-Central Montana. Quatern Res 27(3):270–282 Reheis MC (1987) Climatic implications of alternating clay and carbonate formation in semiarid soils of South-Central Montana. Quatern Res 27(3):270–282
Zurück zum Zitat Richthofen F (1877) China, vol 1. Verlag von Dietrich Reimer, Berlin Richthofen F (1877) China, vol 1. Verlag von Dietrich Reimer, Berlin
Zurück zum Zitat Roberts AP, Lehman B, Weeks RJ, Verosub KL, Laj C (1997) Relative paleointensity of the geomagnetic field over the last 200,000 years from ODP Sites 883 and 884, North Pacific Ocean. Earth Planet Sci Lett 152(1–4):11–23 Roberts AP, Lehman B, Weeks RJ, Verosub KL, Laj C (1997) Relative paleointensity of the geomagnetic field over the last 200,000 years from ODP Sites 883 and 884, North Pacific Ocean. Earth Planet Sci Lett 152(1–4):11–23
Zurück zum Zitat Roberts HM, Wintle AG (2001) Equivalent dose determinations for polymineralic fine-grains using the SAR protocol: application to a Holocene sequence of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Quat Sci Rev 20(5-9):859–863 Roberts HM, Wintle AG (2001) Equivalent dose determinations for polymineralic fine-grains using the SAR protocol: application to a Holocene sequence of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Quat Sci Rev 20(5-9):859–863
Zurück zum Zitat Rossinsky Jr V, Swart PK (1993) Influence of climate on the formation and isotopic composition of calcretes. In: Swart PK, Lohmann, K.C., McKenzie, J., Savin, S (eds.) Climate change in continental isotopic records, vol 78. vol Geophys. Monogr. Ser. AGU, Washington, D. C. doi:10.1029/GM078p0067 Rossinsky Jr V, Swart PK (1993) Influence of climate on the formation and isotopic composition of calcretes. In: Swart PK, Lohmann, K.C., McKenzie, J., Savin, S (eds.) Climate change in continental isotopic records, vol 78. vol Geophys. Monogr. Ser. AGU, Washington, D. C. doi:10.1029/GM078p0067
Zurück zum Zitat Rousseau DD, Wu NQ, Guo ZT (2000) The terrestrial mollusks as new indices of the Asian paleomonsoons in the Chinese loess Plateau. Global Planet Change 26:199–206 Rousseau DD, Wu NQ, Guo ZT (2000) The terrestrial mollusks as new indices of the Asian paleomonsoons in the Chinese loess Plateau. Global Planet Change 26:199–206
Zurück zum Zitat Rowe PJ, Maher BA (2000) ‘Cold’ stage formation of calcrete nodules in the Chinese Loess Plateau: evidence from U-series dating and stable isotope analysis. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 157 (1-2):109–125. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00157-1 Rowe PJ, Maher BA (2000) ‘Cold’ stage formation of calcrete nodules in the Chinese Loess Plateau: evidence from U-series dating and stable isotope analysis. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 157 (1-2):109–125. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00157-1
Zurück zum Zitat Ruddiman WF (1997) Tectonic uplift and climate change. Plenum Press, New York, London Ruddiman WF (1997) Tectonic uplift and climate change. Plenum Press, New York, London
Zurück zum Zitat Rutter N (1992) Xiii Inqua Congress 1991—Chinese Loess and global change—Presidential-Address. Quaternary Sci Rev 11 (3):275–281. doi:10.1016/0277-3791(92)90001-O Rutter N (1992) Xiii Inqua Congress 1991—Chinese Loess and global change—Presidential-Address. Quaternary Sci Rev 11 (3):275–281. doi:10.1016/0277-3791(92)90001-O
Zurück zum Zitat Rutter N, Ding ZL, Liu TS (1991) Comparison of isotope Stages 1–61 with the Baoji-Type pedostratigraphic section of North-Central China. Can J Earth Sci 28(7):985–990. doi:10.1139/E91-089 Rutter N, Ding ZL, Liu TS (1991) Comparison of isotope Stages 1–61 with the Baoji-Type pedostratigraphic section of North-Central China. Can J Earth Sci 28(7):985–990. doi:10.1139/E91-089
Zurück zum Zitat Sachse D, Radke J, Gleixner G (2006) delta D values of individual n-alkanes from terrestrial plants along a climatic gradient—Implications for the sedimentary biomarker record. Org Geochem 37(4):469–483. doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.12.003 Sachse D, Radke J, Gleixner G (2006) delta D values of individual n-alkanes from terrestrial plants along a climatic gradient—Implications for the sedimentary biomarker record. Org Geochem 37(4):469–483. doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.12.003
Zurück zum Zitat Sage RF (2001) Environmental and evolutionary preconditions for the origin and diversification of the C4 photosynthetic syndrome. Plant Biol 3:202–203 Sage RF (2001) Environmental and evolutionary preconditions for the origin and diversification of the C4 photosynthetic syndrome. Plant Biol 3:202–203
Zurück zum Zitat Sauer P, Eglinton TI, Hayes JM, Schimmelmann A, Sessions AL (2001) Compound-specific D/H ratios of lipid biomarkers from sediments as a proxy for environmental and climatic conditions. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 65:213–222 Sauer P, Eglinton TI, Hayes JM, Schimmelmann A, Sessions AL (2001) Compound-specific D/H ratios of lipid biomarkers from sediments as a proxy for environmental and climatic conditions. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 65:213–222
Zurück zum Zitat Schefuß E, Schouten S, Jansen JHF, Sinninghe DJS (2003) Africa vegetation controlled by tropical sea surface temperatures in the mid-Pleistocene period. Nature 422:418–421 Schefuß E, Schouten S, Jansen JHF, Sinninghe DJS (2003) Africa vegetation controlled by tropical sea surface temperatures in the mid-Pleistocene period. Nature 422:418–421
Zurück zum Zitat Schulze E, Ellis R, Schulze W, Trimborn P, Ziegler H (1996) Diversity, metabolic types and δ13C carbon isotope ratios in the grass flora of Namibia in relation to growth form, precipitation and habitat conditions. Oecologia 106(352):369 Schulze E, Ellis R, Schulze W, Trimborn P, Ziegler H (1996) Diversity, metabolic types and δ13C carbon isotope ratios in the grass flora of Namibia in relation to growth form, precipitation and habitat conditions. Oecologia 106(352):369
Zurück zum Zitat Sessions AL (2006) Seasonal changes in D/H fractionation accompanying lipid biosynthesis in Spartina alternflora. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 70(9):2153–2162. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2006.02.003 Sessions AL (2006) Seasonal changes in D/H fractionation accompanying lipid biosynthesis in Spartina alternflora. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 70(9):2153–2162. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2006.02.003
Zurück zum Zitat Sessions AL, Burgoyne TW, Schimmelmann A, Hayes JM (1999) ractionation of hydrogen isotopes in lipid biosynthesis. Org Geochem 30:1193–1200 Sessions AL, Burgoyne TW, Schimmelmann A, Hayes JM (1999) ractionation of hydrogen isotopes in lipid biosynthesis. Org Geochem 30:1193–1200
Zurück zum Zitat Sessions AL, Hayes JM (2005) Calculation of hydrogen isotopic fractionations in biogeochemical systems. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 69(3):593–597 Sessions AL, Hayes JM (2005) Calculation of hydrogen isotopic fractionations in biogeochemical systems. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 69(3):593–597
Zurück zum Zitat Shackleton NJ, Berger A, Peltier WR (1990) An alternative astronomical calibration of the lower Pleistocene timescale based on ODP Site 677. Earth and environmental science transactions of the royal society of Edinburgh 81 (04):251–261. doi:10.1017/S0263593300020782 Shackleton NJ, Berger A, Peltier WR (1990) An alternative astronomical calibration of the lower Pleistocene timescale based on ODP Site 677. Earth and environmental science transactions of the royal society of Edinburgh 81 (04):251–261. doi:10.1017/S0263593300020782
Zurück zum Zitat Shackleton NJ, Hall MA, Pate D (1995) Pliocene stable isotope stratigraphy of Site 864. In: Pisias N, Mayer L, Janecek T, Palmer-Julson A, van Andel T (eds) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, vol 138. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX pp 337–355. doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.138.117.1995 Shackleton NJ, Hall MA, Pate D (1995) Pliocene stable isotope stratigraphy of Site 864. In: Pisias N, Mayer L, Janecek T, Palmer-Julson A, van Andel T (eds) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, vol 138. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX pp 337–355. doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.138.117.1995
Zurück zum Zitat Shen C, Beer J, Heller F (2000) 10Be-susceptibility model and quantitative estimates of pedogenic ferromagnetic material flux in Chinese loess. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 172:551–554 Shen C, Beer J, Heller F (2000) 10Be-susceptibility model and quantitative estimates of pedogenic ferromagnetic material flux in Chinese loess. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 172:551–554
Zurück zum Zitat Shen C, Beer J, Liu T (1992) 10Be in Chinese loess. Earth Planet Sci Lett 109(1–2):169–177 Shen C, Beer J, Liu T (1992) 10Be in Chinese loess. Earth Planet Sci Lett 109(1–2):169–177
Zurück zum Zitat Shen C, Liu T, Beer J (1989) 10Be and the accumulating process of Chinese Loess. Science in China Series B 7:744–751 Shen C, Liu T, Beer J (1989) 10Be and the accumulating process of Chinese Loess. Science in China Series B 7:744–751
Zurück zum Zitat Shen J, Liu XQ, Wang SM, Matsumoto R (2005) Palaeoclimatic changes in the Qinghai Lake area during the last 18,000 years. Quatern Int 136:131–140. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2004.11.014 Shen J, Liu XQ, Wang SM, Matsumoto R (2005) Palaeoclimatic changes in the Qinghai Lake area during the last 18,000 years. Quatern Int 136:131–140. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2004.11.014
Zurück zum Zitat Shen ZX, Cao JJ, Zhang XY, Arimoto R, Ji JF, Balsam WL, Wang YQ, Zhang RJ, Li XX (2006) Spectroscopic analysis of iron-oxide minerals in aerosol particles from northern China. Sci Total Environ 367(2-3):899–907 Shen ZX, Cao JJ, Zhang XY, Arimoto R, Ji JF, Balsam WL, Wang YQ, Zhang RJ, Li XX (2006) Spectroscopic analysis of iron-oxide minerals in aerosol particles from northern China. Sci Total Environ 367(2-3):899–907
Zurück zum Zitat Smith B, Ziegler H (1990) Isotopic fractionation of hydrogen in plants. Botanica Acta 103:335–342 Smith B, Ziegler H (1990) Isotopic fractionation of hydrogen in plants. Botanica Acta 103:335–342
Zurück zum Zitat Smith FA, Freeman KH (2006) Influence of physiology and climate on δD of leaf wax n-alkanes from C3 and C4 grasses. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 70:1172–1187 Smith FA, Freeman KH (2006) Influence of physiology and climate on δD of leaf wax n-alkanes from C3 and C4 grasses. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 70:1172–1187
Zurück zum Zitat Song YG, Fang XM, Li JJ, An ZS, Miao XD (2001) The Late Cenozoic uplift of the Liupan Shan, China. Sci China Ser D 44:176–184 Song YG, Fang XM, Li JJ, An ZS, Miao XD (2001) The Late Cenozoic uplift of the Liupan Shan, China. Sci China Ser D 44:176–184
Zurück zum Zitat Song YG, Fang XM, Li JJ, An ZS, Yang D, Lu LQ (2000) Age of red clay at Chaona section near Liupan Mountain and its tectonic significance. Quat Sci 20:457–463 Song YG, Fang XM, Li JJ, An ZS, Yang D, Lu LQ (2000) Age of red clay at Chaona section near Liupan Mountain and its tectonic significance. Quat Sci 20:457–463
Zurück zum Zitat Spassov S, Heller F, Evans M (2001) The Matuyama/Brunhes Geomagnetic Polarity Transition at Lingtai and Baoji, Chinese Loess Plateau. Phys Chemi Earth (A) 26 (11-12):899–904 Spassov S, Heller F, Evans M (2001) The Matuyama/Brunhes Geomagnetic Polarity Transition at Lingtai and Baoji, Chinese Loess Plateau. Phys Chemi Earth (A) 26 (11-12):899–904
Zurück zum Zitat Spooner NA (1994) The anomalous fading of infrared-stimulated luminescence from feldspars. Radiat Meas 23(2-3):625–632 Spooner NA (1994) The anomalous fading of infrared-stimulated luminescence from feldspars. Radiat Meas 23(2-3):625–632
Zurück zum Zitat Stevens T, Armitage SJ, Lu HY, Thomas DSG (2006) Sedimentation and diagenesis of Chinese loess: Implications for the preservation of continuous, high-resolution climate records. Geology 34(10):849–852. doi:10.1130/G22472.1 Stevens T, Armitage SJ, Lu HY, Thomas DSG (2006) Sedimentation and diagenesis of Chinese loess: Implications for the preservation of continuous, high-resolution climate records. Geology 34(10):849–852. doi:10.1130/G22472.1
Zurück zum Zitat Stevens T, Lu H (2010) Radiometric dating of the late Quaternary summer monsoon on the Loess Plateau, China. Geological Society, London. Special Publications 342(1):87–108. doi:10.1144/sp342.8 Stevens T, Lu H (2010) Radiometric dating of the late Quaternary summer monsoon on the Loess Plateau, China. Geological Society, London. Special Publications 342(1):87–108. doi:10.1144/sp342.8
Zurück zum Zitat Stevens T, Thomas DSG, Armitage SJ, Lunn HR, Lu HY (2007) Reinterpreting climate proxy records from late Quaternary Chinese loess: A detailed OSL investigation. Earth-Sci Rev 80(1–):111–136. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2006.09.001 Stevens T, Thomas DSG, Armitage SJ, Lunn HR, Lu HY (2007) Reinterpreting climate proxy records from late Quaternary Chinese loess: A detailed OSL investigation. Earth-Sci Rev 80(1–):111–136. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2006.09.001
Zurück zum Zitat Stewart G, Turnbull M, Schmidt S, Erskine P (1995) 13C natural abundance in plant communities along a rainfall gradient: A biological integrator of water availability. Aus J Plant Physiol 22:51–55 Stewart G, Turnbull M, Schmidt S, Erskine P (1995) 13C natural abundance in plant communities along a rainfall gradient: A biological integrator of water availability. Aus J Plant Physiol 22:51–55
Zurück zum Zitat Stokes S, Hetzel R, Bailey RM, Tao MX (2003) Combined IRSL-OSL single aliquot regeneration (SAR) equivalent dose (D-e) estimates from source proximal Chinese loess. Quaternary Sci Rev 22 (10–13):975–983. doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00044-1 Stokes S, Hetzel R, Bailey RM, Tao MX (2003) Combined IRSL-OSL single aliquot regeneration (SAR) equivalent dose (D-e) estimates from source proximal Chinese loess. Quaternary Sci Rev 22 (10–13):975–983. doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00044-1
Zurück zum Zitat StreetPerrott FA, Huang YS, Perrott RA, Eglinton G, Barker P, BenKhelifa L, Harkness DD, Olago DO (1997) Impact of lower atmospheric carbon dioxide on tropical mountain ecosystems. Science 278(5342):1422–1426. doi:10.1126/science.278.5342.1422 StreetPerrott FA, Huang YS, Perrott RA, Eglinton G, Barker P, BenKhelifa L, Harkness DD, Olago DO (1997) Impact of lower atmospheric carbon dioxide on tropical mountain ecosystems. Science 278(5342):1422–1426. doi:10.1126/science.278.5342.1422
Zurück zum Zitat Sun DH, An Z, Shaw J, Bloemendal J, Sun Y (1998a) Magnetostratigraphy and palaeoclimatic significance of Late Tertiary aeolian sequences in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Geophys J Intern 134(1):207–212. doi:10.1046/j.1365-246x.1998.00553.x Sun DH, An Z, Shaw J, Bloemendal J, Sun Y (1998a) Magnetostratigraphy and palaeoclimatic significance of Late Tertiary aeolian sequences in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Geophys J Intern 134(1):207–212. doi:10.1046/j.1365-246x.1998.00553.x
Zurück zum Zitat Sun DH, Bloemendal J, Rea DK, An ZS, Vandenberghe J, Lu HY, Su RX, Liu TS (2004) Bimodal grain-size distribution of Chinese loess, and its palaeoclimatic implications. Catena 55:325–340 Sun DH, Bloemendal J, Rea DK, An ZS, Vandenberghe J, Lu HY, Su RX, Liu TS (2004) Bimodal grain-size distribution of Chinese loess, and its palaeoclimatic implications. Catena 55:325–340
Zurück zum Zitat Sun DH, Liu DS, Chen MY, An ZS, Shaw J (1997) Magnetostratigraphy and palaeoclimate of Red Clay sequences from Chinese Loess Plateau. Sci China Ser D 40(4):337–343. doi:10.1007/Bf02877564 Sun DH, Liu DS, Chen MY, An ZS, Shaw J (1997) Magnetostratigraphy and palaeoclimate of Red Clay sequences from Chinese Loess Plateau. Sci China Ser D 40(4):337–343. doi:10.1007/Bf02877564
Zurück zum Zitat Sun DH, Shaw J, An Z (1993) Matuyama/Brunhes (M/B) transition recorded in Chinese Loess. J Geomagn Geoelectr 45:319–330 Sun DH, Shaw J, An Z (1993) Matuyama/Brunhes (M/B) transition recorded in Chinese Loess. J Geomagn Geoelectr 45:319–330
Zurück zum Zitat Sun DH, Shaw J, An ZS, Cheng MY, Yue LP (1998b) Magnetostratigraphy and paleoclimatic interpretation of a continuous 7.2Ma Late Cenozoic eolian sediments from the Chinese Loess Plateau. Geophys Res Lett 25(1):85–88 Sun DH, Shaw J, An ZS, Cheng MY, Yue LP (1998b) Magnetostratigraphy and paleoclimatic interpretation of a continuous 7.2Ma Late Cenozoic eolian sediments from the Chinese Loess Plateau. Geophys Res Lett 25(1):85–88
Zurück zum Zitat Sun DH, Su RX, Bloemendal J, Lu HY (2008a) Grain-size and accumulation rate records from Late Cenozoic aeolian sequences in northern China: Implications for variations in the East Asian winter monsoon and westerly atmospheric circulation. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 264(1–2):39–53. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.011 Sun DH, Su RX, Bloemendal J, Lu HY (2008a) Grain-size and accumulation rate records from Late Cenozoic aeolian sequences in northern China: Implications for variations in the East Asian winter monsoon and westerly atmospheric circulation. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 264(1–2):39–53. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.011
Zurück zum Zitat Sun JM (2002) Provenance of loess material and formation of loess deposits on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Earth Planet Sci Lett 203 (3–4):845–859. doi:10.1016/S0012-821x(02)00921-4 Sun JM (2002) Provenance of loess material and formation of loess deposits on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Earth Planet Sci Lett 203 (3–4):845–859. doi:10.1016/S0012-821x(02)00921-4
Zurück zum Zitat Sun JM (2005a) Nd and Sr isotopic variations in Chinese eolian deposits during the past 8 Ma: Implications for provenance change. Earth Planet Sci Lett 240(454):466 Sun JM (2005a) Nd and Sr isotopic variations in Chinese eolian deposits during the past 8 Ma: Implications for provenance change. Earth Planet Sci Lett 240(454):466
Zurück zum Zitat Sun JM, Liu TS (2000) Stratigraphic evidence for the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau between similar to 1.1 and similar to 0.9 myr ago. Quatern Res 54(3):309–320. doi:10.1006/qres.2000.2170 Sun JM, Liu TS (2000) Stratigraphic evidence for the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau between similar to 1.1 and similar to 0.9 myr ago. Quatern Res 54(3):309–320. doi:10.1006/qres.2000.2170
Zurück zum Zitat Sun JM, Zhu ZK (2010) Temporal variations in Pb isotopes and trace element concentrations within Chinese eolian deposits during the past 8 Ma: Implications for provenance change. Earth Planet Sci Lett 290:438–447 Sun JM, Zhu ZK (2010) Temporal variations in Pb isotopes and trace element concentrations within Chinese eolian deposits during the past 8 Ma: Implications for provenance change. Earth Planet Sci Lett 290:438–447
Zurück zum Zitat Sun JZ (2005b) Loess. Hong Kong Archaeological Society Hong Kong Sun JZ (2005b) Loess. Hong Kong Archaeological Society Hong Kong
Zurück zum Zitat Sun X, Du N, Weng C, Lin R, Wei K (1994) Paleovegetation and paleoenvironment of Nanaisi lake, Xinjiang, N.W. China during the last 14,000 years. Quat Sci 3:239–248 Sun X, Du N, Weng C, Lin R, Wei K (1994) Paleovegetation and paleoenvironment of Nanaisi lake, Xinjiang, N.W. China during the last 14,000 years. Quat Sci 3:239–248
Zurück zum Zitat Sun Y, He L, Liang L, An Z (2011) Changing color of Chinese loess: Geochemical constraint and paleoclimatic significance. J Asian Earth Sci 40(6):1131–1138 Sun Y, He L, Liang L, An Z (2011) Changing color of Chinese loess: Geochemical constraint and paleoclimatic significance. J Asian Earth Sci 40(6):1131–1138
Zurück zum Zitat Sun YB, An ZS (2002) History and variability of Asian interior aridity recorded by eolian flux in the Chinese Loess Plateau during the past 7 Ma. Sci China Ser D 45(5):420–429 Sun YB, An ZS (2002) History and variability of Asian interior aridity recorded by eolian flux in the Chinese Loess Plateau during the past 7 Ma. Sci China Ser D 45(5):420–429
Zurück zum Zitat Sun YB, An ZS (2004) An improved comparison of Chinese loess with deep-sea 18O record over the interval 1.6–2.6 Ma. Geophys Res Lett 31:L13210 Sun YB, An ZS (2004) An improved comparison of Chinese loess with deep-sea 18O record over the interval 1.6–2.6 Ma. Geophys Res Lett 31:L13210
Zurück zum Zitat Sun YB, An ZS (2005) Late Pliocene-Pleistocene changes in mass accumulation rates of eolian deposits on the central Chinese Loess Plateau. J Geophys Res-Atmos 110:D23101. doi:10.1029/2005jd006064 Sun YB, An ZS (2005) Late Pliocene-Pleistocene changes in mass accumulation rates of eolian deposits on the central Chinese Loess Plateau. J Geophys Res-Atmos 110:D23101. doi:10.1029/2005jd006064
Zurück zum Zitat Sun YB, An ZS, Clemens SC, Bloemendal J, Vandenberghe J (2010a) Seven million years of wind and precipitation variability on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Earth Planet Sci Lett 297(3-4):525–535. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.07.004 Sun YB, An ZS, Clemens SC, Bloemendal J, Vandenberghe J (2010a) Seven million years of wind and precipitation variability on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Earth Planet Sci Lett 297(3-4):525–535. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.07.004
Zurück zum Zitat Sun YB, Clemens SC, An ZS, Yu ZW (2006a) Astronomical timescale and palaeoclimatic implication of stacked 3.6-Myr monsoon records from the Chinese Loess Plateau. Quaternary Sci Rev 25(1–2):33–48. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.07.005 Sun YB, Clemens SC, An ZS, Yu ZW (2006a) Astronomical timescale and palaeoclimatic implication of stacked 3.6-Myr monsoon records from the Chinese Loess Plateau. Quaternary Sci Rev 25(1–2):33–48. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.07.005
Zurück zum Zitat Sun YB, Clemens SC, Morrill C, Lin X, Wang X, An Z (2012) Influence of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation on the East Asian winter monsoon. Nat Geosci 5(1):46–49. doi:10.1038/ngeo1326 Sun YB, Clemens SC, Morrill C, Lin X, Wang X, An Z (2012) Influence of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation on the East Asian winter monsoon. Nat Geosci 5(1):46–49. doi:10.1038/ngeo1326
Zurück zum Zitat Sun YB, Lu HY, An ZS (2006b) Grain size of loess-laeosol and Red Clay deposits on the Chinese Loess Plateau: Significance for understanding pedogenic alteration and palaeomonsoon evolution. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 241:129–138 Sun YB, Lu HY, An ZS (2006b) Grain size of loess-laeosol and Red Clay deposits on the Chinese Loess Plateau: Significance for understanding pedogenic alteration and palaeomonsoon evolution. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 241:129–138
Zurück zum Zitat Sun YB, Tada RJ, Chen JC, Liu QS, Toyoda S, Tani A, Ji JF, Isozaki Y (2008b) Tracing the provenance of fine-grained dust deposited on the central Chinese Loess Plateau. Geophys Res Lett 35 (1):L01804. doi:10.1029/2007gl031672 Sun YB, Tada RJ, Chen JC, Liu QS, Toyoda S, Tani A, Ji JF, Isozaki Y (2008b) Tracing the provenance of fine-grained dust deposited on the central Chinese Loess Plateau. Geophys Res Lett 35 (1):L01804. doi:10.1029/2007gl031672
Zurück zum Zitat Sun YB, Wang XL, Liu QS, Clemens SC (2010b) Impacts of post-depositional processes on rapid monsoon signals recorded by the last glacial loess deposits of northern China. Earth Planet Sci Lett 289(1-2):171–179. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.10.038 Sun YB, Wang XL, Liu QS, Clemens SC (2010b) Impacts of post-depositional processes on rapid monsoon signals recorded by the last glacial loess deposits of northern China. Earth Planet Sci Lett 289(1-2):171–179. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.10.038
Zurück zum Zitat Teilhard deCP YCC (1930) Preliminary observations on the pre-Loessic and postPontian formations in W. Shansi and N. Shensi. Geol Mem, Ser A (8):32–35 Teilhard deCP YCC (1930) Preliminary observations on the pre-Loessic and postPontian formations in W. Shansi and N. Shensi. Geol Mem, Ser A (8):32–35
Zurück zum Zitat Thompson L, Yao T, Davis M (1997) Tropical climate instability: the last glacial cycle from a Qinghai-Tibetan ice core. Science 276:1821–1825 Thompson L, Yao T, Davis M (1997) Tropical climate instability: the last glacial cycle from a Qinghai-Tibetan ice core. Science 276:1821–1825
Zurück zum Zitat Thompson R (1986) Modelling magnetization data using SIMPLEX. Phys Earth Planet Ints 42:113–127 Thompson R (1986) Modelling magnetization data using SIMPLEX. Phys Earth Planet Ints 42:113–127
Zurück zum Zitat Tiedemann R, Sarnthein M, Shackleton NJ (1994) Astronomical timescale for the Pliocene Atlantic 18O and dust flux records of Ocean Drilling Program site 659. Paleoceanography 9:619–638 Tiedemann R, Sarnthein M, Shackleton NJ (1994) Astronomical timescale for the Pliocene Atlantic 18O and dust flux records of Ocean Drilling Program site 659. Paleoceanography 9:619–638
Zurück zum Zitat Torrent J, Liu QS, Bloemendal J, Barro´n V (2007) Magnetic enhancement and iron oxides in the upper luochuan loess-paleosol sequence, Chinese Loess Plateau. Soil Sci Soc Am J 71:1570–1578. doi:10.2136/sssaj2006.0328 Torrent J, Liu QS, Bloemendal J, Barro´n V (2007) Magnetic enhancement and iron oxides in the upper luochuan loess-paleosol sequence, Chinese Loess Plateau. Soil Sci Soc Am J 71:1570–1578. doi:10.2136/sssaj2006.0328
Zurück zum Zitat Trauth MH, Larrasoan JC, Mudelsee M (2009) Trends, rhythms and events in Plio-Pleistocene African climate. Quaternary Sci Rev 28:399–411 Trauth MH, Larrasoan JC, Mudelsee M (2009) Trends, rhythms and events in Plio-Pleistocene African climate. Quaternary Sci Rev 28:399–411
Zurück zum Zitat Tric E, Valet JP, Tucholka P, Paterne M, Labeyrie L, Guichard F, Tauxe L, Fontugne M (1992) Paleointensity of the Geomagnetic-Field during the Last 80,000 Years. J Geophys Res-Sol Ea 97 (B6):9337–9351. doi:10.1029/91jb01620 Tric E, Valet JP, Tucholka P, Paterne M, Labeyrie L, Guichard F, Tauxe L, Fontugne M (1992) Paleointensity of the Geomagnetic-Field during the Last 80,000 Years. J Geophys Res-Sol Ea 97 (B6):9337–9351. doi:10.1029/91jb01620
Zurück zum Zitat Valet J, Meynadier L (1993) Geomagnetic field intensity and reversal during the past four million years. Nature 366:234–238 Valet J, Meynadier L (1993) Geomagnetic field intensity and reversal during the past four million years. Nature 366:234–238
Zurück zum Zitat Vandenberghe J, An ZS, Nugteren G, Lu HY, VanHuissteden K (1997) New absolute time scale for the Quaternary climate in the Chinese loess region by grain-size analysis. Geology 25 (1):35–38. doi:10.1130/0091-7613 (1997) 025<0035:Natsft>2.3.Co;2 Vandenberghe J, An ZS, Nugteren G, Lu HY, VanHuissteden K (1997) New absolute time scale for the Quaternary climate in the Chinese loess region by grain-size analysis. Geology 25 (1):35–38. doi:10.1130/0091-7613 (1997) 025<0035:Natsft>2.3.Co;2
Zurück zum Zitat Vandenberghe J, Lu HY, Sun D, Huissteden Jv, Konert M (2004) The late Miocene and Pliocene climate in East Asia as recorded by grain size and magnetic susceptibility of the Red Clay deposits (Chinese Loess Plateau). Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 204:239–255 Vandenberghe J, Lu HY, Sun D, Huissteden Jv, Konert M (2004) The late Miocene and Pliocene climate in East Asia as recorded by grain size and magnetic susceptibility of the Red Clay deposits (Chinese Loess Plateau). Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 204:239–255
Zurück zum Zitat Vidic NJ, Montanez IP (2004) Climatically driven glacial-interglacial variations in C-3 and C-4 plant proportions on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Geology 32(4):337–340. doi:10.1130/G20222.1 Vidic NJ, Montanez IP (2004) Climatically driven glacial-interglacial variations in C-3 and C-4 plant proportions on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Geology 32(4):337–340. doi:10.1130/G20222.1
Zurück zum Zitat Visocekas R (1985) Tunnelling radiative recombination in labradorite: Its association with anomalous fading of thermoluminescence. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements (1982) 10 (4–6):521–529. doi:10.1016/0735-245x(85)90053-5 Visocekas R (1985) Tunnelling radiative recombination in labradorite: Its association with anomalous fading of thermoluminescence. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements (1982) 10 (4–6):521–529. doi:10.1016/0735-245x(85)90053-5
Zurück zum Zitat Visocekas R, Spooner NA, Zink A, Blanc P (1994) Tunnel afterglow, fading and infrared emission in thermoluminescence of feldspars. Radiat Meas 23 (2–3):377–385. doi:10.1016/1350-4487(94)90067-1 Visocekas R, Spooner NA, Zink A, Blanc P (1994) Tunnel afterglow, fading and infrared emission in thermoluminescence of feldspars. Radiat Meas 23 (2–3):377–385. doi:10.1016/1350-4487(94)90067-1
Zurück zum Zitat Wagner G, Masarik J, Beer J, Baumgartner S, Imboden D, Kubik PW, Synal HA, Suter M (2000) Reconstruction of the geomagnetic field between 20 and 60 kyr BP from cosmogenic radionuclides in the GRIP ice core. Nucl Instrum Meth B 172 (1–4):597–604. doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(00)00285-8 Wagner G, Masarik J, Beer J, Baumgartner S, Imboden D, Kubik PW, Synal HA, Suter M (2000) Reconstruction of the geomagnetic field between 20 and 60 kyr BP from cosmogenic radionuclides in the GRIP ice core. Nucl Instrum Meth B 172 (1–4):597–604. doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(00)00285-8
Zurück zum Zitat Wallbrink P, Murray A (1994) Fallout of 7Be in South Eastern Australia. J Environ Radioact 25:213–228 Wallbrink P, Murray A (1994) Fallout of 7Be in South Eastern Australia. J Environ Radioact 25:213–228
Zurück zum Zitat Wang B (2006) The Asian Monsoon. Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York Wang B (2006) The Asian Monsoon. Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Zurück zum Zitat Wang DJ, Wang YC, Han JT, Duan MG, Shan JZ, Liu TS (2010) Geomagnetic anomalies recorded in L9 of the Songjiadian loess section in southeastern Chinese Loess Plateau. Chinese Sci Bull 55(6):520–529 Wang DJ, Wang YC, Han JT, Duan MG, Shan JZ, Liu TS (2010) Geomagnetic anomalies recorded in L9 of the Songjiadian loess section in southeastern Chinese Loess Plateau. Chinese Sci Bull 55(6):520–529
Zurück zum Zitat Wang G, Han J, Liu D (2003a) The carbon isotope composition of C3 herbaceous plants in loess area of northern China. Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci 46(10):1069–1076. doi:10.1007/BF02959402 Wang G, Han J, Liu D (2003a) The carbon isotope composition of C3 herbaceous plants in loess area of northern China. Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci 46(10):1069–1076. doi:10.1007/BF02959402
Zurück zum Zitat Wang H, Ambrose SH, Liu CLJ, Follmer LR (1997) Paleosol stable isotope evidence for early hominid occupation of east Asian temperate environments. Quatern Res 48(2):228–238. doi:10.1006/qres.1997.1921 Wang H, Ambrose SH, Liu CLJ, Follmer LR (1997) Paleosol stable isotope evidence for early hominid occupation of east Asian temperate environments. Quatern Res 48(2):228–238. doi:10.1006/qres.1997.1921
Zurück zum Zitat Wang H, Follmer LR (1998) Proxy of monsoon seasonality in carbon isotopes from paleosols of the southern Chinese Loess Plateau. Geology 26 (11):987-990. doi:10.1130/0091-7613 (1998) 026<0987:Pomsic>2.3.Co;2 Wang H, Follmer LR (1998) Proxy of monsoon seasonality in carbon isotopes from paleosols of the southern Chinese Loess Plateau. Geology 26 (11):987-990. doi:10.1130/0091-7613 (1998) 026<0987:Pomsic>2.3.Co;2
Zurück zum Zitat Wang P, Jian Z, Zhao Q, Li Q, Wang R, Liu Z, Wu G, Shao L, Wang J, Huang B (2003b) Evolution of the South China Sea and monsoon history revealed in deep-sea records. Chinese Sci Bull 48(23):2549–2561 Wang P, Jian Z, Zhao Q, Li Q, Wang R, Liu Z, Wu G, Shao L, Wang J, Huang B (2003b) Evolution of the South China Sea and monsoon history revealed in deep-sea records. Chinese Sci Bull 48(23):2549–2561
Zurück zum Zitat Wang PX, Clemens S, Beaufort L, Braconnot P, Ganssen G, Jian ZM, Kershaw P, Sarnthein M (2005) Evolution and variability of the Asian monsoon system: state of the art and outstanding issues. Quaternary Sci Rev 24(5-6):595–629 Wang PX, Clemens S, Beaufort L, Braconnot P, Ganssen G, Jian ZM, Kershaw P, Sarnthein M (2005) Evolution and variability of the Asian monsoon system: state of the art and outstanding issues. Quaternary Sci Rev 24(5-6):595–629
Zurück zum Zitat Wang PX, Jian Z, Zhao Q, Li Q, RJ Wang, ZF Liu, GX Wu,L Shao,J Wang,B Huang,D Fang,J Tian, J Li, X Li, G Wei, Xi Sun, Y Luo, X Su, S Mao, Chen M (2003) Evolution of the South China Sea and monsoon history revealed in deep-sea records. Chin Sci Bull, 48(23): 2549–2561 Wang PX, Jian Z, Zhao Q, Li Q, RJ Wang, ZF Liu, GX Wu,L Shao,J Wang,B Huang,D Fang,J Tian, J Li, X Li, G Wei, Xi Sun, Y Luo, X Su, S Mao, Chen M (2003) Evolution of the South China Sea and monsoon history revealed in deep-sea records. Chin Sci Bull, 48(23): 2549–2561
Zurück zum Zitat Wang P, Jian Z, Zhao Q, Li Q, Wang R, et al. (2003b) Evolution of the South China Sea and monsoon history revealed in deep-sea records. Chinese Sci Bull 48: 2549–2561. Wang P, Jian Z, Zhao Q, Li Q, Wang R, et al. (2003b) Evolution of the South China Sea and monsoon history revealed in deep-sea records. Chinese Sci Bull 48: 2549–2561.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang X, Lu Y, Zhao H (2006) On the performances of the single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol for Chinese loess: fine quartz and polymineral grains. Radiat Meas 41(1):1–8. doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2005.02.010 Wang X, Lu Y, Zhao H (2006) On the performances of the single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol for Chinese loess: fine quartz and polymineral grains. Radiat Meas 41(1):1–8. doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2005.02.010
Zurück zum Zitat Wang Y, Cheng H, Edwards RL, Kong X, Shao X, Chen S, Wu J, Jiang X, Wang X, An Z (2008) Millennial- and orbital-scale changes in the East Asian monsoon over the past 224,000 years. Nature 451(7182):1090–1093. doi:10.1038/nature06692 Wang Y, Cheng H, Edwards RL, Kong X, Shao X, Chen S, Wu J, Jiang X, Wang X, An Z (2008) Millennial- and orbital-scale changes in the East Asian monsoon over the past 224,000 years. Nature 451(7182):1090–1093. doi:10.1038/nature06692
Zurück zum Zitat Wang Y, Shen J, Wu J, Liu X, Zhang E, Liu E (2007a) Hard-water effect correction of lacustrine sediment ages using the relationship between 14C levels in lake waters and in the atmosphere: the case of Lake Qinghai. Journal of Lake Sciences 19(5):504–508 Wang Y, Shen J, Wu J, Liu X, Zhang E, Liu E (2007a) Hard-water effect correction of lacustrine sediment ages using the relationship between 14C levels in lake waters and in the atmosphere: the case of Lake Qinghai. Journal of Lake Sciences 19(5):504–508
Zurück zum Zitat Wang YJ, Cheng H, Edwards RL, An ZS, Wu JY, Shen CC, Dorale JA (2001) A high-resolution absolute-dated Late Pleistocene monsoon record from Hulu Cave, China. Science 294(5550):2345–2348 Wang YJ, Cheng H, Edwards RL, An ZS, Wu JY, Shen CC, Dorale JA (2001) A high-resolution absolute-dated Late Pleistocene monsoon record from Hulu Cave, China. Science 294(5550):2345–2348
Zurück zum Zitat Wang YX, Yang JD, Chen J, Zhang KJ, Rao WB (2007b) The Sr and Nd isotopic variations of the Chinese Loess Plateau during the past 7 Ma: Implications for the East Asian winter monsoon and source areas of loess. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 249(3-4):351–361. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.02.010 Wang YX, Yang JD, Chen J, Zhang KJ, Rao WB (2007b) The Sr and Nd isotopic variations of the Chinese Loess Plateau during the past 7 Ma: Implications for the East Asian winter monsoon and source areas of loess. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 249(3-4):351–361. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.02.010
Zurück zum Zitat Watanuki T, Murray AS, Tsukamoto S (2003) A comparison of OSL ages derived from silt-sized quartz and polymineral grains from Chinese loess. Quaternary Sci Rev 22 (10-13):991–997. doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00053-2 Watanuki T, Murray AS, Tsukamoto S (2003) A comparison of OSL ages derived from silt-sized quartz and polymineral grains from Chinese loess. Quaternary Sci Rev 22 (10-13):991–997. doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00053-2
Zurück zum Zitat Webster PJ, Magana VO, Palmer TN, Shukla J, Tomas RA, Yanai M, Yasunari T (1998) Monsoons: Processes, predictability, and the prospects for prediction. J Geophys Res-Oceans 103 (C7):14451–14510. doi:10.1029/97jc02719 Webster PJ, Magana VO, Palmer TN, Shukla J, Tomas RA, Yanai M, Yasunari T (1998) Monsoons: Processes, predictability, and the prospects for prediction. J Geophys Res-Oceans 103 (C7):14451–14510. doi:10.1029/97jc02719
Zurück zum Zitat Weeks RJ, Laj C, Endignoux L, Mazaud A, Labeyrie L, Roberts AP, Kissel C, Blanchard E (1995) Normalized Natural Remanent Magnetization Intensity during the Last 240000 Years in Piston Cores from the Central North-Atlantic Ocean - Geomagnetic-Field Intensity or Environmental Signal. Phys Earth Planet In 87(3–4):213–229 Weeks RJ, Laj C, Endignoux L, Mazaud A, Labeyrie L, Roberts AP, Kissel C, Blanchard E (1995) Normalized Natural Remanent Magnetization Intensity during the Last 240000 Years in Piston Cores from the Central North-Atlantic Ocean - Geomagnetic-Field Intensity or Environmental Signal. Phys Earth Planet In 87(3–4):213–229
Zurück zum Zitat Wen L, Lu H, Qiang X (2005) Changes in grain-size and sedimentation rate of the Neogene Red Clay deposits along the Chinese Loess Plateau and implications for the palaeowind system. SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sci 48(9):1452–1462. doi:10.1360/01yd0558 Wen L, Lu H, Qiang X (2005) Changes in grain-size and sedimentation rate of the Neogene Red Clay deposits along the Chinese Loess Plateau and implications for the palaeowind system. SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sci 48(9):1452–1462. doi:10.1360/01yd0558
Zurück zum Zitat Wintle AG (1973) Anomalous fading of thermoluminescence in mineral samples. Nature 245(5421):143–144 Wintle AG (1973) Anomalous fading of thermoluminescence in mineral samples. Nature 245(5421):143–144
Zurück zum Zitat Wintle AG (1990) A Review of Current Research on Tl Dating of Loess. Quaternary Sci Rev 9(4):385–397 Wintle AG (1990) A Review of Current Research on Tl Dating of Loess. Quaternary Sci Rev 9(4):385–397
Zurück zum Zitat Wintle AG, Murray AS (2006) A review of quartz optically stimulated luminescence characteristics and their relevance in single-aliquot regeneration dating protocols. Radiat Meas 41(4):369–391 Wintle AG, Murray AS (2006) A review of quartz optically stimulated luminescence characteristics and their relevance in single-aliquot regeneration dating protocols. Radiat Meas 41(4):369–391
Zurück zum Zitat Wu N, Lu H, Sun X, Guo Z, Liu J, Han J (1994) Climate transfer function from opal phytolith and its application in paleoclimate reconstrution of China loess-paleosol sequence. Quat Sci 3:270–279 Wu N, Lu H, Sun X, Guo Z, Liu J, Han J (1994) Climate transfer function from opal phytolith and its application in paleoclimate reconstrution of China loess-paleosol sequence. Quat Sci 3:270–279
Zurück zum Zitat Xian F, An Z, Wu Z, Beck J, Yu H, Kang Z, Cheng P (2008) A simple model for reconstructing geomagnetic field intensity with 10Be production rate and its application in Loess studies. Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci 51(6):855–861. doi:10.1007/s11430-008-0054-z Xian F, An Z, Wu Z, Beck J, Yu H, Kang Z, Cheng P (2008) A simple model for reconstructing geomagnetic field intensity with 10Be production rate and its application in Loess studies. Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci 51(6):855–861. doi:10.1007/s11430-008-0054-z
Zurück zum Zitat Xiao JL, An Z (1999a) Three large shifts in East Asian monsoon circulation indicated by loess-paleosol sequences in China and late Cenozoic deposits in Japan. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 154(3):179–189 Xiao JL, An Z (1999a) Three large shifts in East Asian monsoon circulation indicated by loess-paleosol sequences in China and late Cenozoic deposits in Japan. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 154(3):179–189
Zurück zum Zitat Xiao JL, An ZS (1999b) Three large shifts in East Asian monsoon circulation indicated by loess-paleosol sequences in China and late Cenozoic deposits in Japan. Palaeogeograph Palaeoclimatol 154:179–189 Xiao JL, An ZS (1999b) Three large shifts in East Asian monsoon circulation indicated by loess-paleosol sequences in China and late Cenozoic deposits in Japan. Palaeogeograph Palaeoclimatol 154:179–189
Zurück zum Zitat Xiao JL, Porter SC, An ZS, Kumai H, Yoshikawa S (1995) Grain-Size of Quartz as an Indicator of Winter Monsoon Strength on the Loess Plateau of Central China during the Last 130,000-Yr. Quatern Res 43(1):22–29 Xiao JL, Porter SC, An ZS, Kumai H, Yoshikawa S (1995) Grain-Size of Quartz as an Indicator of Winter Monsoon Strength on the Loess Plateau of Central China during the Last 130,000-Yr. Quatern Res 43(1):22–29
Zurück zum Zitat Xiao JL, Zheng HB, Zhao H (1992) Variation of winter monsoon intensity on the Loess Plateau, central China during the last 130,000 years: evidences from grain size distribution. Quat Resear 31:13–19 Xiao JL, Zheng HB, Zhao H (1992) Variation of winter monsoon intensity on the Loess Plateau, central China during the last 130,000 years: evidences from grain size distribution. Quat Resear 31:13–19
Zurück zum Zitat Xie S, Nott CJ, Avsejs LA, Volders F, Maddy D, Chambers FM, Gledhill A, Carter JF, Evershed RP (2000) Palaeoclimate records in compound-specific delta D values of a lipid biomarker in ombrotrophic peat. Org Geochem 31(10):1053–1057 Xie S, Nott CJ, Avsejs LA, Volders F, Maddy D, Chambers FM, Gledhill A, Carter JF, Evershed RP (2000) Palaeoclimate records in compound-specific delta D values of a lipid biomarker in ombrotrophic peat. Org Geochem 31(10):1053–1057
Zurück zum Zitat Xu Y, Yue LP, Li JX, Sun L, Sun B, Zhang JY, Ma J, Wang JQ (2009) An 11-Ma-old red clay sequence on the Eastern Chinese Loess Plateau. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 284(3–4):383–391. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.10.023 Xu Y, Yue LP, Li JX, Sun L, Sun B, Zhang JY, Ma J, Wang JQ (2009) An 11-Ma-old red clay sequence on the Eastern Chinese Loess Plateau. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 284(3–4):383–391. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.10.023
Zurück zum Zitat Yakir D (1992) Variations in the natural abundance of oxygen-18 and deuterium in plant carbohydrates. Plant Cell Environment 15:1005–1020 Yakir D (1992) Variations in the natural abundance of oxygen-18 and deuterium in plant carbohydrates. Plant Cell Environment 15:1005–1020
Zurück zum Zitat Yamazaki T (1999) Relative paleointensity of the geomagnetic field during Brunhes Chron recorded in North Pacific deep-sea sediment cores: orbital influence? Earth Planet Sci Lett 169 (1–2):23–35. doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(99)00064-3 Yamazaki T (1999) Relative paleointensity of the geomagnetic field during Brunhes Chron recorded in North Pacific deep-sea sediment cores: orbital influence? Earth Planet Sci Lett 169 (1–2):23–35. doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(99)00064-3
Zurück zum Zitat Yamazaki T, Kanamatsu T (2007) A relative paleointensity record of the geomagnetic field since 1.6 Ma from the North Pacific. Earth Planet Sci Lett 59:785–794 Yamazaki T, Kanamatsu T (2007) A relative paleointensity record of the geomagnetic field since 1.6 Ma from the North Pacific. Earth Planet Sci Lett 59:785–794
Zurück zum Zitat Yang H, Huang Y (2003) Preservation of lipid hydrogen isotope ratios in Miocene lacustrine sediments and plant fossils at Clarkia, northern Idaho, USA. Org. Geochemical J 34:413–423 Yang H, Huang Y (2003) Preservation of lipid hydrogen isotope ratios in Miocene lacustrine sediments and plant fossils at Clarkia, northern Idaho, USA. Org. Geochemical J 34:413–423
Zurück zum Zitat Yang SL, Ding ZL (2001) Seven million-year iron geochemistry record from a thick eolian red clay-loess sequence in Chinese Loess Plateau and the implications for paleomonsoon evolution. Chinese Sci Bull 46(4):337–341 Yang SL, Ding ZL (2001) Seven million-year iron geochemistry record from a thick eolian red clay-loess sequence in Chinese Loess Plateau and the implications for paleomonsoon evolution. Chinese Sci Bull 46(4):337–341
Zurück zum Zitat Yang SL, Ding ZL (2003) Color reflectance of Chinese loess and its implications for climate gradient changes during the last two glacial-interglacial cycles. Geophys Res Lett 30(20):2058. doi:10.1029/2003GL018346 Yang SL, Ding ZL (2003) Color reflectance of Chinese loess and its implications for climate gradient changes during the last two glacial-interglacial cycles. Geophys Res Lett 30(20):2058. doi:10.1029/2003GL018346
Zurück zum Zitat Yang SL, Ding ZL (2004) Comparison of particle size characteristics of the Tertiary ‘red clay’ and Pleistocene loess in the Chinese Loess Plateau: implications for origin and sources of the ‘red clay’. Sedimentology 51(1):77–93. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3091.2003.00612.x Yang SL, Ding ZL (2004) Comparison of particle size characteristics of the Tertiary ‘red clay’ and Pleistocene loess in the Chinese Loess Plateau: implications for origin and sources of the ‘red clay’. Sedimentology 51(1):77–93. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3091.2003.00612.x
Zurück zum Zitat Yapp C, Epstein S (1982) A re-examination of cellulose carbon-bound hydrogen D measurement and some factors affecting plant-water D/H relationships. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 46:955–965 Yapp C, Epstein S (1982) A re-examination of cellulose carbon-bound hydrogen D measurement and some factors affecting plant-water D/H relationships. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 46:955–965
Zurück zum Zitat Yu J, Kelts K (2002) Abrupt changes in climatic conditions across the late-glacial/Holocene transition on the N. E. Tibet-Qinghai Plateau: evidence from Lake Qinghai, China. J Paleolimnol 28(2):195–206 Yu J, Kelts K (2002) Abrupt changes in climatic conditions across the late-glacial/Holocene transition on the N. E. Tibet-Qinghai Plateau: evidence from Lake Qinghai, China. J Paleolimnol 28(2):195–206
Zurück zum Zitat Yu SY, Shen J, Colman SM (2007) Modeling the radiocarbon reservoir effect in lacustrine systems. Radiocarbon 49(3):1241–1254 Yu SY, Shen J, Colman SM (2007) Modeling the radiocarbon reservoir effect in lacustrine systems. Radiocarbon 49(3):1241–1254
Zurück zum Zitat Yu ZW, Ding ZL (1998) An automatic orbital tuning method for the Paleoclimate records. Geophys Res Lett 25:4525–4528 Yu ZW, Ding ZL (1998) An automatic orbital tuning method for the Paleoclimate records. Geophys Res Lett 25:4525–4528
Zurück zum Zitat Yuan DX, Cheng H, Edwards RL, Dykoski CA, Kelly MJ, Zhang ML, Qing JM, Lin YS, Wang YJ, Wu JY, Dorale JA, An ZS, Cai YJ (2004) Timing, duration, and transitions of the Last Interglacial Asian Monsoon. Science 304(5670):575–578 Yuan DX, Cheng H, Edwards RL, Dykoski CA, Kelly MJ, Zhang ML, Qing JM, Lin YS, Wang YJ, Wu JY, Dorale JA, An ZS, Cai YJ (2004) Timing, duration, and transitions of the Last Interglacial Asian Monsoon. Science 304(5670):575–578
Zurück zum Zitat Yue L, Lei X, Qu H (1991) A Magnetostratigraphic study on hte Jingyuan loess section, Gansu, China. Quaternary Sciences (4):349–352 Yue L, Lei X, Qu H (1991) A Magnetostratigraphic study on hte Jingyuan loess section, Gansu, China. Quaternary Sciences (4):349–352
Zurück zum Zitat Zachos J, Pagani M, Sloan L, Thomas E, Billups K (2001) Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present. Science 292(5517):686–693 Zachos J, Pagani M, Sloan L, Thomas E, Billups K (2001) Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present. Science 292(5517):686–693
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang DE (1982) Analysis of dust deposition phenomena in historical times. Kexue Tongbao 27(5):294–297 Zhang DE (1982) Analysis of dust deposition phenomena in historical times. Kexue Tongbao 27(5):294–297
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang XY, Arimoto R, An ZS (1999) Glacial and interglacial patterns for Asian dust transport. Quaternary Science Review 18:811–819 Zhang XY, Arimoto R, An ZS (1999) Glacial and interglacial patterns for Asian dust transport. Quaternary Science Review 18:811–819
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang XY, Zhang GY, Zhu GH, Zhang D, An ZS, Chen T, Huang XP (1996) Elemental tracers for Chinese source dust. Sci China Ser D 39(5):512–521 Zhang XY, Zhang GY, Zhu GH, Zhang D, An ZS, Chen T, Huang XP (1996) Elemental tracers for Chinese source dust. Sci China Ser D 39(5):512–521
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang YG, Ji J, Balsam W, Liu L, Chen J (2009a) Mid-Pliocene Asian monsoon intensification and the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. Geology 37(7):599–602. doi:10.1130/g25670a.1 Zhang YG, Ji J, Balsam W, Liu L, Chen J (2009a) Mid-Pliocene Asian monsoon intensification and the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. Geology 37(7):599–602. doi:10.1130/g25670a.1
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang YG, Ji JF, Balsam W, Liu LW, Chen J (2009b) Mid-Pliocene Asian monsoon intensification and the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. Geology 37(7):599–602. doi:10.1130/G25670a.1 Zhang YG, Ji JF, Balsam W, Liu LW, Chen J (2009b) Mid-Pliocene Asian monsoon intensification and the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. Geology 37(7):599–602. doi:10.1130/G25670a.1
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang Z, Zhao M, Lu H (2003) Lower temperature as the main cause of C4 plant declines during the glacial periods on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Earth Planet Sc Lett 214:467–481 Zhang Z, Zhao M, Lu H (2003) Lower temperature as the main cause of C4 plant declines during the glacial periods on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Earth Planet Sc Lett 214:467–481
Zurück zum Zitat Zhao H, Chen FH, Li SH, Wintle AG, Fan YX, Xia DS (2007) A record of Holocene climate change in the Guanzhong Basin, China, based on optical dating of a loess-palaeosol sequence. Holocene 17(7):1015–1022. doi:10.1177/0959683607080530 Zhao H, Chen FH, Li SH, Wintle AG, Fan YX, Xia DS (2007) A record of Holocene climate change in the Guanzhong Basin, China, based on optical dating of a loess-palaeosol sequence. Holocene 17(7):1015–1022. doi:10.1177/0959683607080530
Zurück zum Zitat Zheng H (1984) Holocene loess in the middle reaches of Yellow River. Geochemistry 3:237–346 Zheng H (1984) Holocene loess in the middle reaches of Yellow River. Geochemistry 3:237–346
Zurück zum Zitat Zheng HB, An ZS, Shaw J (1992) New contributions to Chinese Plio-Pleistocene magnetostratigraphy. Phys Earth Planet In 70:146–153 Zheng HB, An ZS, Shaw J (1992) New contributions to Chinese Plio-Pleistocene magnetostratigraphy. Phys Earth Planet In 70:146–153
Zurück zum Zitat Zheng HB, Oldfield F, Yu LH, Shaw J, An ZS (1991) The Magnetic-Properties of Particle-Sized Samples from the Luo-Chuan Loess Section—Evidence for Pedogenesis. Phys Earth Planet In 68(3-4):250–258 Zheng HB, Oldfield F, Yu LH, Shaw J, An ZS (1991) The Magnetic-Properties of Particle-Sized Samples from the Luo-Chuan Loess Section—Evidence for Pedogenesis. Phys Earth Planet In 68(3-4):250–258
Zurück zum Zitat Zheng HB, Rolph T, Shaw J, An ZS (1995) A Detailed Paleomagnetic Record for the Last Interglacial Period. Earth Planet Sci Lett 133 (3-4):339–351. doi:10.1016/0012-821x(95)00089-U Zheng HB, Rolph T, Shaw J, An ZS (1995) A Detailed Paleomagnetic Record for the Last Interglacial Period. Earth Planet Sci Lett 133 (3-4):339–351. doi:10.1016/0012-821x(95)00089-U
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou LP, Oldfield F, Wintle AG, Robinson SG, Wang JT (1990a) Partly pedogenic origin of magnetic variations in Chinese loess. Nature 346(6286):737–739 Zhou LP, Oldfield F, Wintle AG, Robinson SG, Wang JT (1990a) Partly pedogenic origin of magnetic variations in Chinese loess. Nature 346(6286):737–739
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou LP, Shackleton NJ (1999) Misleading positions of geomagnetic reversal boundaries in Eurasian loess and implications for correlation between continental and marine sedimentary sequences. Earth Planet Sci Lett 168 (1–2):117–130. doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(99)00052-7 Zhou LP, Shackleton NJ (1999) Misleading positions of geomagnetic reversal boundaries in Eurasian loess and implications for correlation between continental and marine sedimentary sequences. Earth Planet Sci Lett 168 (1–2):117–130. doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(99)00052-7
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou WJ, An ZS, Head MJ (1994a) Stratigraphic division of holocene loess in China. Radiocarbon 36(1):37–45 Zhou WJ, An ZS, Head MJ (1994a) Stratigraphic division of holocene loess in China. Radiocarbon 36(1):37–45
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou WJ, An ZS, Lin BH, Xiao JL, Zhang JZ, Xie J, Zhou MF, Porter SC, Head MJ, Donahue DJ (1992) Chronology of the Baxie Loess profile and the history of monsoon climates in China between 17,000 and 6000 years Bp. Radiocarbon 34(3):818–825 Zhou WJ, An ZS, Lin BH, Xiao JL, Zhang JZ, Xie J, Zhou MF, Porter SC, Head MJ, Donahue DJ (1992) Chronology of the Baxie Loess profile and the history of monsoon climates in China between 17,000 and 6000 years Bp. Radiocarbon 34(3):818–825
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou WJ, Chen M, Xian F, Song S, Wu Z, Jull AJT, Liu W (2007a) The mean value concept in mono-linear regression of multi-variables and its application to trace studies in geosciences. Sci China Ser D 50(12):1828–1834. doi:10.1007/s11430-007-0123-8 Zhou WJ, Chen M, Xian F, Song S, Wu Z, Jull AJT, Liu W (2007a) The mean value concept in mono-linear regression of multi-variables and its application to trace studies in geosciences. Sci China Ser D 50(12):1828–1834. doi:10.1007/s11430-007-0123-8
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou WJ, Donahue D, Jull AJT (1997) Radiocarbon AMS dating of pollen concentrated from eolian sediments: Implications for monsoon climate change since the late Quaternary. Radiocarbon 39(1):19–26 Zhou WJ, Donahue D, Jull AJT (1997) Radiocarbon AMS dating of pollen concentrated from eolian sediments: Implications for monsoon climate change since the late Quaternary. Radiocarbon 39(1):19–26
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou WJ, Donahue DJ, Porter SC, Jull TA, Li XQ, Stuiver M, An ZS, Matsumoto E, Dong GG (1996) Variability of monsoon climate in East Asia at the end of the last glaciation. Quatern Res 46(3):219–229 Zhou WJ, Donahue DJ, Porter SC, Jull TA, Li XQ, Stuiver M, An ZS, Matsumoto E, Dong GG (1996) Variability of monsoon climate in East Asia at the end of the last glaciation. Quatern Res 46(3):219–229
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou WJ, Head M, Kaihoa L (1994b) Small sample dating in China. Radiocarbon 36(1):47–49 Zhou WJ, Head M, Kaihoa L (1994b) Small sample dating in China. Radiocarbon 36(1):47–49
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou WJ, Head MJ, Wang FB, Donahue DJ, Jull AJT (1999) The reliability of AMS radiocarbon dating of shells from China. Radiocarbon 41(1):17–24 Zhou WJ, Head MJ, Wang FB, Donahue DJ, Jull AJT (1999) The reliability of AMS radiocarbon dating of shells from China. Radiocarbon 41(1):17–24
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou WJ, Priller A, Beck JW, Wu ZK, Chen MB, An ZS, Kutschera W, Feng X, Yu HG, Lin L (2007b) Disentangling geomagnetic and precipitation signals in an 80-Kyr Chinese loess record of Be-10. Radiocarbon 49(1):139–160 Zhou WJ, Priller A, Beck JW, Wu ZK, Chen MB, An ZS, Kutschera W, Feng X, Yu HG, Lin L (2007b) Disentangling geomagnetic and precipitation signals in an 80-Kyr Chinese loess record of Be-10. Radiocarbon 49(1):139–160
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou WJ, Xian F, Beck JW, Jull AJT, An ZS, Wu ZK, Liu M, Chen MB, Priller A, Kutschera W, Burr GS, Yu HG, Song SH, Cheng P, Kong XH (2010) Reconstruction of 130-Kyr Relative Geomagnetic Intensities from 10Be in Two Chinese Loess Sections. Radiocarbon 52(1):129–147 Zhou WJ, Xian F, Beck JW, Jull AJT, An ZS, Wu ZK, Liu M, Chen MB, Priller A, Kutschera W, Burr GS, Yu HG, Song SH, Cheng P, Kong XH (2010) Reconstruction of 130-Kyr Relative Geomagnetic Intensities from 10Be in Two Chinese Loess Sections. Radiocarbon 52(1):129–147
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou WJ, Yu XF, Jull AJT, Burr G, Xiao JY, Lu XF, Xian F (2004) High-resolution evidence from southern China of an early Holocene optimum and a mid-Holocene dry event during the past 18,000 years. Quatern Res 62(1):39–48. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2004.05.004 Zhou WJ, Yu XF, Jull AJT, Burr G, Xiao JY, Lu XF, Xian F (2004) High-resolution evidence from southern China of an early Holocene optimum and a mid-Holocene dry event during the past 18,000 years. Quatern Res 62(1):39–48. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2004.05.004
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou WJ, Zhao X, Lu X, Lin L, Wu Z, Peng C, Zhao W, Huang C (2006) The 3MV multi-element AMS in Xi’an, China: Unique features and preliminary tests. Radiocarbon 48(2):285–293 Zhou WJ, Zhao X, Lu X, Lin L, Wu Z, Peng C, Zhao W, Huang C (2006) The 3MV multi-element AMS in Xi’an, China: Unique features and preliminary tests. Radiocarbon 48(2):285–293
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou WJ, Zhou MF, Head J (1990b) 14C chronology of Beizhuang Cun sedimentation sequence since 30,000 years BP. Chinese Sci Bull 35(7):567–572 Zhou WJ, Zhou MF, Head J (1990b) 14C chronology of Beizhuang Cun sedimentation sequence since 30,000 years BP. Chinese Sci Bull 35(7):567–572
Zurück zum Zitat Zhu RX, Coe RS, Guo B, Anderson R, Zhao XX (1998) Inconsistent palaeomagnetic recording of the Blake event in Chinese loess related to sedimentary environment. Geophys Intern 134(3):867–875 Zhu RX, Coe RS, Guo B, Anderson R, Zhao XX (1998) Inconsistent palaeomagnetic recording of the Blake event in Chinese loess related to sedimentary environment. Geophys Intern 134(3):867–875
Zurück zum Zitat Zhu RX, Ding ZL, Wu HN, Huang BC, Jiang L (1993) Details of magnetic polarity transition recorded in Chinese Loess. J Geomagn Geoelectr 45(4):289–299 Zhu RX, Ding ZL, Wu HN, Huang BC, Jiang L (1993) Details of magnetic polarity transition recorded in Chinese Loess. J Geomagn Geoelectr 45(4):289–299
Zurück zum Zitat Zhu RX, Laj C, Mazaud A (1994a) The Matuyama-Brunhes and upper jaramillo transitions recorded in a Loess Section at Weinan, North-Central China. Earth Planet Sci Lett 125(1-4):143–158 Zhu RX, Laj C, Mazaud A (1994a) The Matuyama-Brunhes and upper jaramillo transitions recorded in a Loess Section at Weinan, North-Central China. Earth Planet Sci Lett 125(1-4):143–158
Zurück zum Zitat Zhu RX, Liu QS, Pan YX, Deng CL, Sun JM (2006) Identifying the origin of the magnetic directional anomalies recorded in the Datong loess profile, northeastern Chinese loess plateau. Geophysical Journal International 164(2):312–318. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02848.x Zhu RX, Liu QS, Pan YX, Deng CL, Sun JM (2006) Identifying the origin of the magnetic directional anomalies recorded in the Datong loess profile, northeastern Chinese loess plateau. Geophysical Journal International 164(2):312–318. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02848.x
Zurück zum Zitat Zhu RX, Pan YX, Coe RS (2000) Paleointensity studies of a lava succession from Jilin Province, northeastern China: Evidence for the Blake event. J Geophys Res-Sol Ea 105 (B4):8305-8317. doi:10.1029/1999jb900448 Zhu RX, Pan YX, Coe RS (2000) Paleointensity studies of a lava succession from Jilin Province, northeastern China: Evidence for the Blake event. J Geophys Res-Sol Ea 105 (B4):8305-8317. doi:10.1029/1999jb900448
Zurück zum Zitat Zhu RX, Zhang R, Deng CL, Pan YX, Liu QS, Sun YB (2007) Are Chinese loess deposits essentially continuous? Geophys Res Lett 34 (17):L17306. doi:10.1029/2007gl030591 Zhu RX, Zhang R, Deng CL, Pan YX, Liu QS, Sun YB (2007) Are Chinese loess deposits essentially continuous? Geophys Res Lett 34 (17):L17306. doi:10.1029/2007gl030591
Zurück zum Zitat Zhu RX, Zhou LP, Laj C, Mazaud A, Ding ZL (1994b) The blake geomagnetic polarity episode recorded in Chinese Loess. Geophys Res Lett 21(8):697–700 Zhu RX, Zhou LP, Laj C, Mazaud A, Ding ZL (1994b) The blake geomagnetic polarity episode recorded in Chinese Loess. Geophys Res Lett 21(8):697–700
Metadaten
Titel
Chinese Loess and the East Asian Monsoon
verfasst von
Zhisheng An
Youbin Sun
Weijian Zhou
Weiguo Liu
Xiaoke Qiang
Xulong Wang
Feng Xian
Peng Cheng
George S. Burr
Copyright-Jahr
2014
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7817-7_2