nach oben

2022 | Buch

Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Cities and Social Governance Reforms

Greater Bay Area Development Experiences

herausgegeben von: Ka Ho Mok

Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore

Buchreihe : Social Policy and Development Studies in East Asia

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Über dieses Buch

This book examines critically how the Chinese government has proactively engaged the nine cities and two special administrative regions in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) in Southern China for deeper collaborations in order to transform the country from the “World Factory” to become a leading world economy in innovation and entrepreneurialism. While most of the existing research related to China’s GBA development offers the economic and technological advancement perspectives, this book focuses on critical reflections upon how the call for megacity development and deeper regional collaborations in the Bay Area will affect people’s livelihoods, social integration and urban governance. The central theme of this book builds around “Cities, Social Cohesion and Governance.” Based upon policy and document analysis, first-hand fieldwork and surveys, and intensive interviews with major stakeholders responsible for pushing the Greater Bay Area development, this book offers not only regional perspectives in analyzing the Greater Bay Area development through comparing and contrasting development experiences within the country’s different bay economies like the Shanghai and Zhejiang Bay Area and Beijing and Bohai Bay Area. The present book also draws comparative and international insights from other well- established bay economies like Tokyo Bay, Florida Bay and New York Bay Areas when analyzing the development in the GBA in China.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Cities and Social Governance Reforms: China’s Greater Bay Development Experiences

Abstract

This book critically examines how the Chinese government has proactively engaged the nine cities and two special administrative regions (SARs) in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) in Southern China for deeper collaborations to transform the country from a ‘world factory’ to become a leading world economy in innovation and entrepreneurialism. Although the majority of existing studies related to China’s GBA development have offered economic and technological advancement perspectives, this book focuses on critical reflections on how the call for mega-cities development and deeper regional collaborations in GBA would affect people’s livelihood, social integration and urban governance. The central theme of this book builds around ‘cities, social cohesion and governance’.

Ka Ho Mok

Chapter 2. Policy Background for the Greater Bay Area Development in South China

Abstract

The Chinese authority intends to create a world-class city-cluster in Southern China, which includes 11 cities surrounding the Pearl River Delta area and has become known as Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). The state’s plan for the GBA is to strengthen the cooperation and maximize synergies among the cities based on their common cultural roots, similar customs, and geographical proximity.

Genghua Huang, Ka Wai Tam

Chapter 3. Greater Bay Area Cities on Mainland China: Perceptions of Hong Kong Residents

Abstract

This chapter reports on the full range of the Hong Kong public’s perceptions of mainland GBA cities by assessing the institutional concerns and motivations that are related to the differences in institutional arrangements between the mainland and Hong Kong. It also considers the individual concerns that are common in all migratory activities. We found the top three institutional concerns were food security, public security, and transportation, while the top three institutional motivations were entertainment, housing conditions, and employment opportunities. For individual concerns, we found the younger group was more concerned about migrating to mainland GBA cities than the older group; no difference was found between participants with higher and lower educational levels; individual concerns between professional and non-professional participants cannot be compared as the data did not support the measurement invariance.

Alex Yue Feng Zhu

Chapter 4. Competition for Premium Human Resources: Cooperation and Rivalry Between Hong Kong and Shenzhen

Abstract

The GBA Plan removed barriers to enable Hong Kong and Shenzhen to implement cooperation in innovation, but the resulting free mobility of talented people has activated rivalry for premium human resources. This chapter assessed the competitiveness of economic and social systems in both Hong Kong and Shenzhen in attracting and retaining knowledgeable, creative, and young talented people. We quantified the sense of relative deprivation among the premium human resources in both cities and adopted it as an indirect indicator to predict the future competitiveness of the two cities. As our indicator is human capital oriented, it is particularly powerful in assessing the sustainability of the economic growth of a city in the innovation-and knowledge-driven economy. All of our findings consistently show that: 1) the economic environment of Hong Kong is more competitive than that of Shenzhen in retaining premium human resources; 2) the quality of life in neither Hong Kong nor Shenzhen is competitive in retaining premium human resources, with the situation in Hong Kong being worse.

Alex Yue Feng Zhu

Chapter 5. Understanding Migration into Greater Bay Area Cities in Mainland China as an Investment for Hong Kong Young Adults

Abstract

This study conceptualized migration to Greater Bay Area (GBA) cities in Mainland China as an investment with both risk and potential gain. With a large-scale sample of younger adults in Hong Kong, we used k-mean cluster analysis to identify risk-takers in the migration case who were fully aware of both risk and potential gain and were still willing to migrate to GBA cities to venture for a better life, upward social mobility, or other personal objectives. Binary logistic regression was used to assess how biopsychosocial, environmental, and participating factors predicted the likelihood of a person becoming a risk-taker and being willing to tolerate the risk associated with migration. Results showed that being female, having experience of visiting a Mainland city, and not being a full-time employee in the hotel and catering industries were associated with a higher likelihood of becoming a risk-taker. Findings offer valuable policy implications for promoting GBA plans among young adults in Hong Kong.

Alex Yue Feng Zhu, Ka Ho Mok

Chapter 6. Combating the COVID-19 Pandemic and Enhancing Social Integration: Health Coverage Support for Hong Kong Residents in the GBA

Abstract

International population mobility is a significant challenge for the management of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, an ongoing public health crisis spreading around the world. The suspension of flights and other traffic has been adopted as an important measure to avoid more cases of imported infection by many countries during the pandemic, but these measures mean that most migrant populations, including migrates, migrant and seasonal workers, international students, and others, have to stay in their host nations.

Genghua Huang, Zhaiwen Peng

Chapter 7. Variations on Contracting Out Social Services in China’s Cities: The Case of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou

Abstract

Contracting out social services is China’s main welfare approach in recent years. This study compares the practices of commissioning social services in three China’s economically developed cities, including Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. It was found that local government agencies, regional branches of national mass organizations, and lower level government agencies are commissioning non-government organizations to deliver welfare services. Moreover, Bejing and Shanghai use hub organizations to commission NGOs to launch small-scale projects, while Guangzhou uses open-biddings to contract its social services. Third, the contract period in Beijing and Shanghai is one year, which is limited by their annual financial year. On the other hand, the Guangzhou government offers three years contract to NGOs. It is suggested that multiple purchasers in a region need to coordinate their contracting activities in order to minimize wastes and avoid creating inequalities.

Chak Kwan Chan, Xue Liu

Chapter 8. Contracting Out Social Services and the Development of Non-governmental Organizations in China

Abstract

Contracting out social services has become China’s main approach to deliver social services. This chapter critically analyses the advantages and disadvantages of China’s contracting practices on its non-governmental organisations. As a result of China’s contracting policy, more NGOs have established and are providing more services. On the other hand, NGOs have to do extra work not listed in the service contracts because local governments are treating them as official agents. Moreover, NGOs trend to focus on providing services instead of engaging in human rights issues for fearing of reducing chances in securing government contracts. Under the contracting social services policy, the Chinese government is able to enhance the welfare contributions of NGOs but limits their political activities.

Chak Kwan Chan, Xue Liu

Chapter 9. Cities and Social Integration: Reimagining China–Africa Relations in the Greater Bay Area

Abstract

The presence of African students in Chinese societies has gained more attention over the past two decades. African students have received various higher education training in Chinese societies through numerous bilateral and multilateral partnerships. Some of these students have over the years transitioned into migrants after graduation and engaged in various economic ventures with plans to settle. However, there is a limited understanding of the conditions and implications of their presence, particularly when it comes to the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA). Based on existing literature, this chapter critically reflects on the social, economic, and geopolitical perspectives of African students and graduates in Chinese societies. It particularly focuses on the factors that shape the social integration of African students and migrants in these societies, particularly the GBA. The chapter discusses measures to promote the well-being and social integration of these Africans in the GBA as part of the broader Sino-African relations.

Obert Hodzi, Padmore Adusei Amoah

Chapter 10. Managing the Global COVID-19 Crisis: China’s Strategies and Greater Bay Area Residents’ Responses

Abstract

As the world faces an unprecedented global health crisis after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries across the global village have encountered tremendous political, health, financial, economic, and educational challenges.

Francis Arthur-Holmes, Ka Ho Mok

Chapter 11. Cities, Higher Education and GBA Development from Comparative Perspectives

Abstract

Based upon the above empirical findings and critical analysis, this chapter aims to offer a critical review of how the rapid urbanization taking place in the GBA has affected social integration.

Ka Ho Mok

Backmatter

Titel: Cities and Social Governance Reforms
herausgegeben von: Ka Ho Mok
Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore
Electronic ISBN: 978-981-16-9531-5
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-9530-8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9531-5