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2018 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Climate Finance as an Instrument to Promote the Green Growth in Developing Countries

verfasst von: Prof. Antonio A. Romano, Dr. Giuseppe Scandurra, Alfonso Carfora, Monica Ronghi

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : SpringerBriefs in Climate Studies

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

This book analyses the effectiveness of climate finance as political instrument to reduce the effect of anthropogenic activities on climate change and promote the green growth in developing countries.

The book highlights that close attention should also be paid to the analysis of political contexts in a broad sense. Particularly focusing on the international negotiations process that enables the direction of funds toward specific needs and priorities and the issue of access to electricity. For example, the difficulties that developing countries face when trying to improve their green economic development without access to carbon remains a matter of the utmost importance and urgency for many developing countries that lack significant aid from developed countries.

This book will be of interest to a wide body of academics and practitioners in climate change and energy policies. Moreover, this project is a valid instrument for students in energy policies and climate programs.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
In this chapter we introduce the topics and the goals of the book. We present the problem of environmental sustainability of the current economic production system and consumption of goods starting from one of the first approach attempts through dynamical systems proposed by J.W. Forrester. It shows how concern for the Earth system was already important in the late ’60s. Finally, it outlines the work plan in view of the deepening of a measure of adaptation-mitigation as the Climate Finance.
Antonio A. Romano, Giuseppe Scandurra, Alfonso Carfora, Monica Ronghi
Chapter 2. Climate Change
Abstract
This chapter deepens the thermal balance of the Earth-Atmosphere System with respect to the balance between the incoming solar energy in the system and that the outgoing radiation heat. It introduces the concept of the greenhouse effect – analyzing the natural and the enhanced greenhouse effect – and outlines the role that the gases contained in the atmosphere have in determining the global average temperature of the Earth’s surface. It also introduces the concept of reaction and the important influence that it has in the evolution of thermal equilibrium of the Earth System. From the scientific evidence of global warming, also outline the requirements to mitigate the consequences of climate change and, given the long permanence of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, to provide measures for adaptation to the effects of global heating.
Antonio A. Romano, Giuseppe Scandurra, Alfonso Carfora, Monica Ronghi
Chapter 3. Climate Finance
Abstract
Since 1992, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has set out a framework for international action to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) to prevent dangerous climate change. The UNFCCC recognizes that developed country Parties (Annex II Parties) have to provide financial resources to assist developing country Parties in implementing the set goals.
During the 15th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP15) held in Copenhagen, the developed countries pledged to cooperatively provide USD 100 billion annually by 2020 to developing countries and guaranteed immediate “Fast-start Finance” of up to USD 30 billion over 2010–2012 to launch the project. Such financing can support developing nations by enabling poorer countries to move towards low-emission and climate-resilient development pathways.
In this chapter we focus on climate finance as it appears from the meetings that have taken place from the COP1 to the COP22. We propose a first analysis of the financial flows intended to promote energy generation and supply with renewable sources and those funds intended for the protection of the physical environment in order to identify preferential channels in “Fast-start finance” distribution and whether these preferences can affect the effectiveness of such measures.
Antonio A. Romano, Giuseppe Scandurra, Alfonso Carfora, Monica Ronghi
Chapter 4. Assessing the Effectiveness of Climate Finance: Composite Indicators and Quantile Regression
Abstract
In this chapter we briefly explain methods proposed to assess the effectiveness of the climate funds to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions.
Greenhouse gas emissions are constituted by Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide (N2O) and Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), together called F-gases.
Considering the multidimensional concept and the complexity of the topic we first explain the composite indicator as useful tools to summarize in one indicator the individual components of the greenhouse gas emissions and to compare performances of the countries. Second, we describe the quantile regression, focusing on the theory and possible applications in research fields of interest. Quantile regression, in fact, is one of the tools used to assess the effects of economic policies on some of the target variables.
Antonio A. Romano, Giuseppe Scandurra, Alfonso Carfora, Monica Ronghi
Chapter 5. Empirical Study of Climate Finance
Abstract
The chapter proposes one of the possible approaches to investigate whether developing countries can progress towards more environmentally sustainable development using the flow of funds provided by developed (or donor) countries by increasing the resilience of their environmental, social and economic systems to either endogenous or exogenous shocks. After a description of the observed data, there will follow a construction of a composite indicator capable of providing a quantitative measure of the environmental performance of a country related to other variables that are able to describe social and economic particularities. In this way, it is possible to individuate a way capable of giving a measure of the repercussion of the financial flows on combating environmental degradation seen through the most important components of the increase in global warming. Our results contribute to the debate on the vulnerability and resilience of receiving countries as part of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change agreement.
Antonio A. Romano, Giuseppe Scandurra, Alfonso Carfora, Monica Ronghi
Chapter 6. Conclusions and Policy Implications
Abstract
In this chapter we report some concluding remarks and policy implications. The results obtained by the analysis of the committed and disbursed flow of funds revealed a strong heterogeneity in the way the funds are being allocated by donors; however, our findings show a relationship between the amounts disbursed and greenhouse gas emissions, which is more significant with regard to the funds directed toward biosphere protection.
Our study shows that close attention should be paid to the analysis of political contexts in a broad sense. Particularly, we must focus on the international negotiations process that enables the direction of funds toward specific needs and priorities and the issue of access to electricity. For example, the difficulties that developing countries face when trying to improve their green economic development without access to carbon remain a matter of the utmost importance and urgency for many developing countries that lack significant aid from developed countries.
Antonio A. Romano, Giuseppe Scandurra, Alfonso Carfora, Monica Ronghi
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Climate Finance as an Instrument to Promote the Green Growth in Developing Countries
verfasst von
Prof. Antonio A. Romano
Dr. Giuseppe Scandurra
Alfonso Carfora
Monica Ronghi
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-60711-5
Print ISBN
978-3-319-60710-8
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60711-5