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2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. Cognitive and Neural Aspects of Face Processing

verfasst von : Davide Rivolta

Erschienen in: Prosopagnosia

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Abstract

Faces represent the stimuli we rely on the most for social interaction. They inform us about the identity, mood, gender, age, attractiveness, race and approachability of a person. This is remarkable if we think that all faces share the same composition of internal features (i.e., two eyes above the nose and a mouth) and 3D structure. Thus, faces are unique in terms of the richness of social signals they convey, and the reason why face perception has played a central role for social interaction in a wide range of species for millions of years. Given its importance, face processing has also become one of the most prominent areas of research in cognitive science of the last 50 years, and a large number of behavioural, neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies have significantly advanced our understanding of the developmental, cognitive and neural bases of face perception.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Cognitive Science: History, Techniques and Methodology

Nächstes Kapitel Prosopagnosia: The Inability to Recognize Faces

Over the past 20 years different authors have used different names such as configural, second-order relations or global to refer to what I define here as holistic processing. The theoretical reasons behind this go beyond the aim of the book.

Also known as the disproportionate inversion effect for faces.

In the original Jane task there is also a third condition, called the “contour condition”, that for clarity reasons I do not report here. The interested reader is invited to refer to the original articles.

Some researchers believe that holistic processing involves even the features of faces, but it is beyond the aim of the book to address those theoretical issues. See McKone and Yovel (2009) for a detailed description of the issue.

The reader interested in the theoretical debate between the competing domain-specific and expertize hypothesis is invited to read works from Gauthier and colleagues.

Firing rates are typically measured as the number of action potentials (spikes) a neuron fires in 1 s.

PET belongs to the class of invasive neuroimaging techniques. This technique enables to see brain activity only after the intravenous injection of a radioactive substance. PET represented one of the most adopted techniques for the visualization of brain activity in vivo before fMRI was invented.

Face inversion increased the activity of object selective regions, further suggesting that inverted faces are processed using mechanisms that are common to object processing.

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Titel: Cognitive and Neural Aspects of Face Processing
verfasst von: Davide Rivolta
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch: Prosopagnosia
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-40783-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-642-40784-0

Copyright-Jahr: 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40784-0_2

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