Comparison of the Geological Disposal of Carbon Dioxide and Radioactive Waste in European Russia

In this study a review is conducted of natural geological formations in European Russia in terms of their suitability for storage of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and radioactive waste. The geological conditions of European Russia are described, and the regional features and locations suitable for nuclear waste disposal are identified. A scheme is presented of the location of endogenous activity zones (seismic risks, volcanism) and increased radon risk in European Russia. A map showing suitable areas for nuclear waste storage is presented. The clay formations of the St Petersburg region are reviewed as a potential area for radioactive waste disposal. The main characteristics of the geological conditions that have potential as CO₂ storage sites are determined. A conceptual scheme of the CO₂ storage potential in north-west Russia, the most favourable region, is presented. Information about geological structures and depleted oilfields in north-west Russia is provided. The near-term outlook for CO₂ enhanced oil recovery in the oilfields in north-west Russia and the Kaliningrad region is given. A table of comparative assessments of the geological and economic characteristics of radioactive waste and CO₂ storage is also presented in the review.