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2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Complementing Feistel Ciphers

verfasst von : Alex Biryukov, Ivica Nikolić

Erschienen in: Fast Software Encryption

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Abstract

In this paper, we propose related-key differential distinguishers based on the complementation property of Feistel ciphers. We show that with relaxed requirements on the complementation, i.e. the property does not have to hold for all keys and the complementation does not have to be on all bits, one can obtain a variety of distinguishers. We formulate criteria sufficient for attacks based on the complementation property. To stress the importance of our findings we provide analysis of the full-round primitives:
  • For the hash mode of Camellia-128 without \(FL,FL^{-1}\) layers, differential multicollisions with \(2^{112}\) time.
  • For GOST, practical recovery of the full key with 31 related keys and \(2^{38}\) time/data.

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Fußnoten
1
The round function of DES does not strictly follow this definition due to the expansion of the initial input from 32 bits to 48 bits, nonetheless our reasoning can still be applied to DES.
 
2
One of our anonymous reviewers has informed us that a similar idea was used against DESX in Kelsey et al. [6]
 
3
When \(r\) is odd, there are \(\lceil \frac{r}{2}\rceil \) round keys with difference \(\varDelta _1\), and \(\lceil \frac{r}{2}\rceil - 1\) round keys with \(\varDelta _2\).
 
4
We can approximate with \(2^7\) as one of the output differences happens twice, which means that although we increase the number from 127 to 128, on the other hand we decrease the probability for this difference from \(2^{-6}\) to \(2^{-7}\), hence the two rounding errors compensate one another. This fact can easily be checked if one takes instead of bytes, 7-bit nibbles. Then the maximal differential probability of \(7\times 7\) S-box can be \(2^{6}\).
 
5
Actually, the number is smaller, as one hash function call requires much larger number of operations compared to the steps of our algorithm.
 
Literatur
1.
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2.
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3.
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Zurück zum Zitat Kelsey, J., Schneier, B., Wagner, D.: Related-key cryptanalysis of 3-WAY, Biham-DES, CAST, DES-X, NewDES, RC2, and TEA. In: Han, Y., Quing, S. (eds.) ICICS 1997. LNCS, vol. 1334, pp. 233–246. Springer, Heidelberg (1997) Kelsey, J., Schneier, B., Wagner, D.: Related-key cryptanalysis of 3-WAY, Biham-DES, CAST, DES-X, NewDES, RC2, and TEA. In: Han, Y., Quing, S. (eds.) ICICS 1997. LNCS, vol. 1334, pp. 233–246. Springer, Heidelberg (1997)
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Zurück zum Zitat Ko, Y., Hong, S., Lee, W., Lee, S., Kang, J.-S.: Related key differential attacks on 27 rounds of XTEA and full-round GOST. In: Roy, B., Meier, W. (eds.) FSE 2004. LNCS, vol. 3017, pp. 299–316. Springer, Heidelberg (2004) Ko, Y., Hong, S., Lee, W., Lee, S., Kang, J.-S.: Related key differential attacks on 27 rounds of XTEA and full-round GOST. In: Roy, B., Meier, W. (eds.) FSE 2004. LNCS, vol. 3017, pp. 299–316. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
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Metadaten
Titel
Complementing Feistel Ciphers
verfasst von
Alex Biryukov
Ivica Nikolić
Copyright-Jahr
2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43933-3_1