8. Conclusion

As the third decade of the twenty-first century begins, what is the state of India’s Africa policy? In concluding the analysis, the final chapter summarises the main argument of the study. The profound transformation of India’s Africa policy over the last two or three decades, mainly economisation and—later—indeed ‘Modi-fication’, have altered a millennia-old relationship. However, New Delhi faces enormous challenges—and India’s Africa policy will have to find satisfying answers which will affect the normative foundation of Indo-African ties. The task for Delhi is to walk the thin line between gaining more economic weight and political influence on the one hand and jeopardising the very foundation of this development by losing soft power on the other hand.