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2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

9. Conclusions and Further Notes on Understanding Early Modern Contracts and Pay

verfasst von : Judy Z. Stephenson

Erschienen in: Contracts and Pay

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The work and wages of early modern building craftsman and labourers have for a great deal of time provided the underpinnings of many historian’s narratives. New wage evidence gives us the opportunity to evaluate how useful builders really are to historians in economic and social analysis.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Contracts and Pay in Construction in the Long Run

As argued by Clark in Building Capitalism, or inherent in Hobsbawm’s argument that the ‘rules of the game’ changed in the 1840s in ‘Custom Wage and Workload’. Also see Rogers, Six Centuries of English Labour, pp. 396–398; Woodward, Men at Work, pp. 2–3.

Allen, ‘Great Divergence’; van Zanden ‘Wages and the Standard of Living in Europe’.

Clark, Building Capitalism, pp. 54–79.

Hartwell and Hobsbawm are reviewed best in Taylor, The Standard of Living in Britain During the Industrial Revolution.

Schwarz, ‘Custom Wage and Workload’.

See Chap. 1 in this volume.

Pollard, Genesis.

Berg, Age of Manufactures; Berg and Hudson, Manufacturing in Town and Country.

The challenge of explaining technological change in the eighteenth century has been the motivation of the significant contributions to economic and social history in the last two decades. See Crafts ‘Explaining the Industrial Revolution’, pp. 153–168. Latest estimates of the change in growth rates are discussed in Crafts and Mills, ‘Six Centuries of Economic Growth: A Time Series Perspective’.

Broadberry et al., British Economic Growth.

Crafts and Mills, ‘Six Centuries’.

Knoop and Jones, The London Mason, pp. 18–19; McKellar, Birth of Modern London.

Woodward, Men at Work; Clark, Building Capitalism.

Marglin, ‘What Do Bosses Do?’, p. 63.

Pollard, Genesis, p. 38; Wilson and Thompson, Making of Modern Management, pp. 6–8.

See Temin and Voth, Prometheus Shackled, pp. 24–38.

North and Weingast, ‘Constitutions and Commitment’, pp. 803–832.

Mokyr, Enlightened Economy, p. 211; Wilson and Thompson, Making of Modern Management, p. 6.

Hobsbawm, Labouring Men, p. 206; Riello, ‘Strategies and Boundaries’, pp. 243–280.

See Manning, Monopsony in Motion, pp. 3–48, and 117–140.

Allen, The British Industrial Revolution; Broadberry and Gupta, ‘The Early Modern Great Divergence’.

Young, A Six Months Tour Through the North of England.

Williamson, Coping with City Growth During the British Industrial Revolution, pp. 232–239.

See Wren Society, Volume V, for instance, Christopher Kempster was wholly in charge of the construction of Tom Tower, Christchurch Oxford, 1681–1682 for Wren.

Schwarz, ‘The Standard of Living in the Long Run’, p. 27.

Given Allen calculates rent as a constant percentage of real wage consumption per person (5%) rather than a nominal series it is hard to evaluate any disparity here, although Ormrod, Gibson, and Lyne, ‘City and Countryside Revisited: Comparative Rent Movements in London and the South-East, 1580–1914,’ shows a rise in rents greater than wages in a small sample of London. Guillery prices a modest house in the City as £6–£9 per annum and a house in the suburbs at £5 c. 1690–1740, The Small House, p. 35. £6 per annum would represent 20–25% of a craftsman’s annual wage based on the figures found in Chaps. 6–8. As many lodged, and household composition was varied further research is needed.

Allen, ‘Engels’ Pause’, pp. 418–435; The British Industrial Revolution, pp. 39–44.

Jacob, The First Knowledge Economy.

Blonde and Hanus, ‘Beyond Building Craftsmen’, pp. 179–207.

de Vries and van der Woude, The First Modern Economy, p. 610; de Vries, ‘An Inquiry into the Behaviour of Wages in the Dutch Republic’; Van der Wee, ‘Prices and Wages as Development Variables’.

Nusteling, Welvaart En Werkgelegenheid in Amsterdam, 1540–1860, p. 254.

de Vries, ‘An Inquiry into the Behaviour of Wages in the Dutch Republic’, p. 82.

N. Mayhew, ‘By Weight or Number? The International Comparison of Prices and Wages’, Paper given at the IHR, Senate House London, June 19, 2015.

In correspondence with this author Professor Jan de Vries has expressed the initial opinion that the wages collected in Holland for building craftsmen were different in format and could not have contained mark up in the same way as the English bills discussed in his thesis. The question will be thoroughly examined and compared to his sources as a next stage of research.

A brief review of Archief van het Stadsfabriekambt en Stadswerken en Stadsgebouwen, inventory number 4, Archief van het Stadsfabriekambt en Stadswerken en Stadsgebouwen, inventory number 731, Archief van het Stadsfabriekambt en Stadswerken en Stadsgebouwen, inventory number 24, Archief van de Thesaurieren Ordinaris, inventory number 370 all available via http://stadsarchief.amsterdam.nl/ leads to this statement. This question requires much further detailed research. I am grateful to Ruben Schalk, a doctoral candidate at the University of Utrecht for these archival leads.

Allen, ‘The Industrial Revolution in Miniature’.

Charles Auguste Hanauer, Études économiques sur l’Alsace ancienne et moderne (denrées et salaires).

I am indebted to Vincent Geloso for providing this detail on Hanaeur’s work. It was also discussed in a working paper by Professor Nicholas Mayhew, June 19, 2015, IHR, n. 33 above.

Titel: Conclusions and Further Notes on Understanding Early Modern Contracts and Pay
verfasst von: Judy Z. Stephenson
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Contracts and Pay
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-57507-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-57508-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57508-7_9

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