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2010 | Buch

Continuum Mechanics

Advanced Topics and Research Trends

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Über dieses Buch

R In the companion book (Continuum Mechanics Using Mathematica )to this volume, we explained the foundations of continuum mechanics and described some basic applications of ?uid dynamics and linear elasticity. However, deciding on the approach and content of this book, Continuum Mechanics: Advanced Topics and Research Trends, proved to be a more di?culttask.Afteralongperiodofre?ection,wemadethedecisiontodirect our e?orts into drafting a book that demonstrates the ?exibility and great potential of continuum physics to describe the wide range of macroscopic phenomena that we can observe. It is the opinion of the authors that this is the most stimulating way to learn continuum mechanics. However, it is also quite evident that this aim cannot be fully realized in a single book. Consequently,inthis book wechoseto presentonly thebasicsofinteresting continuum mechanics models, along with some important applications of them. We assume that the reader is familiar with all of the basic principles of continuum mechanics: the general balance laws, constitutive equations, isotropygroupsfor materials,the laws of thermodynamics, ordinarywaves, etc. All of these concepts can be found in Continuum Mechanics Using Mathematica and many other books. We believe that this book gives the reader a su?ciently wide view of the “boundless forest” of continuum mechanics, before focusing his or her attention on the beauty and complex structure of single trees within it (- deed,wecouldsaythatContinuumMechanics UsingMathematica provides only the fertile humus on which the trees of this forest take root!).

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Nonlinear Elasticity
Abstract
In this chapter we focus on the basics of nonlinear elasticity in order to show its interesting mathematical and physical aspects. Readers who are interested in delving deeper into this subject should refer to the many existing books on it (see, for instance, [1]–[15]).
Antonio Romano, Addolorata Marasco
Chapter 2. Micropolar Elasticity
Abstract
The model of an elastic body S presented in the previous chapter cannot always be used to describe the behavior of a real body in a satisfactory way. In some cases, it can be usefully replaced by a more sophisticated model in which a set of one or more vectors, called directors, are associated with any point of S. We will now list some physical situations in which this model appears to be meaningful.
Antonio Romano, Addolorata Marasco
Chapter 3. Continuous System with a Nonmaterial Interface
Abstract
In this chapter, we propose a macroscopic model of phase transitions. It is essential to note that any macroscopic model of these phenomena does not describe why a phase transition takes place nor the modifications it produces in the matter at a microscopic level. It is only able to describe how it takes place.
Antonio Romano, Addolorata Marasco
Chapter 4. Phase Equilibrium
Abstract
In this chapter we analyze some phase equilibrium problems using the model of a continuous system with an interface, which we explored in the previous chapter. We consider a system S consisting of two phases (that fill the regions C 1 and C 2) and an interface Σ. The body force b is assumed to derive from a potential energy U(x), so that b = −∇U.
Antonio Romano, Addolorata Marasco
Chapter 5. Stationary and Time-Dependent Phase Changes
Abstract
In the preceding chapter we used the model of a continuous system with a nonmaterial interface to analyze some phase equilibrium problems. In this chapter we show that it is possible to describe some stationary and timedependent phase changes by again adopting suitable models of a continuous system with a nonmaterial interface.
Antonio Romano, Addolorata Marasco
Chapter 6. An Introduction to Mixture Theory
Abstract
We have already remarked that the simplified models of continuum mechanics (perfect and viscous fluids, elastic systems, etc.) do not always accurately describe the complex phenomenology exhibited by real materials. In Chap. 2 we discussed a nonstandard model that includes (along with the usual elastic properties) microrotation, revealing internal microstructure. There are other situations in which we must derive more complex models to recover some phenomenological features related to internal structure that is erased by the continuous model. For instance, in Chap. 3 the model of a continuum with an interface was proposed in order to produce a macroscopic description of phase transitions in simple materials.
Antonio Romano, Addolorata Marasco
Chapter 7. Electromagnetism in Matter
Abstract
Let S be a continuous system, and let C(t) be the region occupied by S at the instant t. Generally, C(t) is the union of the disjoint regions C 1 (t),…, C ν (t), and S exhibits the same physical properties in each of these regions. For instance, if S consists of two adjacent dielectrics occupying the regions C 1 (t) and C 2 (t) in the presence of a fixed conductor of volume C 3, then we have C(t) = C 1 (t)∪ C 2 (t)∪C 3C 4 (t), where C 4 (t) is the space around the dielectrics and the conductor.
Antonio Romano, Addolorata Marasco
Chapter 8. Introduction to Magnetofluid Dynamics
Abstract
In this section we consider the equations of quasi-magnetostatics for a fluid S that is a perfect conductor.
Antonio Romano, Addolorata Marasco
Chapter 9. Continua with an Interface and Micromagnetism
Abstract
In the presence of an external magnetic field, a ferromagnetic substance1 exhibits a behavior that is quite different from the behavior of a paramagnetic body. Under the same conditions, the former shows an induced magnetization that is much greater than the corresponding magnetization exhibited by the the latter. Moreover, the functional relation between the magnetic field and the magnetization is nonlinear in a ferromagnetic body and linear in a paramagnetic one. Finally, in a ferromagnetic body the magnetization depends not only on the actual value of the magnetic field but its history (i.e., hysteresis).
Antonio Romano, Addolorata Marasco
Chapter 10. Relativistic Continuous Systems
Abstract
In this section, for the reader’s convenience, we briefly recall the physical foundations upon which special relativity is built. This introduction will be useful when we present relativistic continuum mechanics.
The wave character of the propagation of light was established during the eighteenth century, when scientists were convinced that all physical phenomena could be described by mechanical models. Consequently, it appeared natural to the researchers of that time to assume that empty space is filled with an isotropic and transparent medium, the ether, which supports light waves. This hypothesis seemed to be confirmed by the fact that forces acting on charges and currents could be evaluated by assuming that electromagnetic fields generate a deformation state in the ether, which is described by the Maxwell stress tensor.
Antonio Romano, Addolorata Marasco
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Continuum Mechanics
verfasst von
Antonio Romano
Addolorata Marasco
Copyright-Jahr
2010
Verlag
Birkhäuser Boston
Electronic ISBN
978-0-8176-4870-1
Print ISBN
978-0-8176-4869-5
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-4870-1

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