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Erschienen in:
A Short History of Builders’ Wages in Economic History Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. Contractors

verfasst von : Judy Z. Stephenson

Erschienen in: Contracts and Pay

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Who were the men and women who undertook the delivery of these large-scale seventeenth and eighteenth-century construction projects? A body of research in architectural history has sought to detail the backgrounds and biographies of the ‘master craftsmen’, or ‘artisans’, who built St Paul’s, the City Churches, Greenwich Hospital, and who carried out work at other sites—particularly those who worked for Sir Christopher Wren. In this chapter I argue that they are best understood as well-capitalised businessmen.

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Vorheriges Kapitel The Market for Building
Nächstes Kapitel Contracts and Ways of Working in the Building Trades
Fußnoten
1
Knoop and Jones, The London Mason, p. 47.
 
2
Knoop and Jones, The Mediaeval Mason, pp. 15–43; Ayres, Building the Georgian City, Chap. 1.
 
3
Colvin, A Biographical Dictionary of English Architects, pp. 4–11, the introduction to this edition is almost a lament for a master artisan; Summerson, Architecture in Britain, pp. 142–156, created a whole new oeuvre of seventeenth century architecture—the ‘artisan style’, to justify the design capability and skill of English building contractors.
 
4
Roscoe, Hardy, and Sullivan, et al., A Biographical Dictionary of Sculptors in Britain, entry for Joshua Marshall 1628–1678.
 
6
Wren Society, Vol. X, p. 89.
 
7
Addis, Building: 3,000 Years of Design, Engineering and Construction, p. 198.
 
8
Where specific notes are not given the information comes from Colvin, A Biographical Dictionary of English Architects, and Roscoe et al., A Biographical Dictionary of Sculptors in Britain, 1660–1851.
 
9
Campbell, Building St Paul’s, p. 75.
 
10
Colvin, A Biographical Dictionary of English Architects, p. 996.
 
11
Lambeth Palace Library MS 2703.
 
12
Campbell, Building St Paul’s, p. 76.
 
13
Beauchamp was registered for the £600 surcharge in the Marriage Duty Assessment of 1695.
 
14
Campbell, ‘Finances of the Carpenter’, p. 343.
 
15
The National Archives, E 134/8Geo1/Hil8.
 
16
Colvin, A Biographical Dictionary of English Architects, pp. 577–579.
 
18
Wren Society, Vol. V, p. 18.
 
19
Ibid., pp. 20–21.
 
20
Strong and Kempster are referred to as dining with Robert Hooke and Wren during work on St Stephen’s Walbroke by Colvin, A Biographical Dictionary of English Architects, p. 996. See Campbell, Building St Paul’s, Chap. 8 for further discussion of wealth also.
 
21
The National Archives C 106/145.
 
22
Roscoe et al., A Biographical Dictionary of Sculptors in Britain, entry for John Thompson c. 1655–1700.
 
23
Roscoe et al., A Biographical Dictionary of Sculptors in Britain, entry for William Kempster 1651 to 1719. It is likely that work on the staircase continued into 1706 as it is referred to in the books discussed in Chap. 6.
 
24
Roscoe et al., A Biographical Dictionary of Sculptors in Britain, entry for Joshua Fletcher I, d1729.
 
25
LMA MS 9172/113, Will Number: 100.
 
26
Fisher, ‘Stanton, William (1639–1705)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, http://​ezproxy-prd.​bodleian.​ox.​ac.​uk:​2167/​view/​article/​38004, accessed 19 July 2017.
 
27
Knoop and Jones, The London Mason, p. 78. The details of the two searches in 1678 and 1694 are transcribed, pp. 67–80.
 
28
Roscoe et al., A Biographical Dictionary of Sculptors in Britain, entry for Joshua Fletcher I d1729.
 
29
See Parnell, The Buildings and Works at the Office of Ordnance, pp. 94–95; BL MS27,587.
 
30
Colvin, A Biographical Dictionary of English Architects, p. 3.
 
31
London Metropolitan Archives CLA/007/FN/04/001-10.
 
32
Wren Society, Vol. X, pp. 45–53.
 
33
See London Metropolitan Archive COL/CC/BHC/10/001-6.
 
34
Roscoe, Hardy, and Sullivan, et al., A Biographical Dictionary of Sculptors in Britain, entry for Thomas Wise II; Wren Society, Vol. X, pp. 45–53.
 
35
Mobus, ‘Surviving Late Payments’, pp. 273–280.
 
36
Wren Society, Vol. X, pp. 46–53. Banks is discussed by Campbell in ‘The Finances of the Carpenter’, pp. 313–346.
 
37
Wren Society, Vol. XIX, pp. 46–52, Table of the Fifty-Four Churches with Trades and Costs. The masons may also have been operating independently at the same site but the indication from known partnership is otherwise.
 
38
The National Archives ADM 67/2.
 
39
Ibid.
 
40
Andrews Jelfe, letter Book British Library MS 27,587, p. 38 dealing with bills on Hawksmoor residence.
 
41
A typology referred to in Unwin, Industrial Organisation in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, pp. 64–65.
 
42
Mobus, ‘Surviving Late Payments’.
 
43
See Colvin’s remarks on Fulkes and Jelfe, Biographical Dictionary, p. 3; Also, Hewlings, ‘Jelfe, Andrews (c.1690–1759)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
 
44
Knoop and Jones, The London Mason, pp. 13–14.
 
45
By way of example see Farr, Artisans in Europe, definition, p. 3, does acknowledge those who ran enterprises, but the bulk of his cases and research is those who performed craft functions manually.
 
Metadaten
Titel
Contractors
verfasst von
Judy Z. Stephenson
Copyright-Jahr
2020
Buch
Contracts and Pay

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-57507-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-57508-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2020

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57508-7_3

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