Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Polymer Research 5/2021

01.05.2021 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Controllable synthesis of ZnFe2O4 sub-microparticles by poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-assisted solvothermal method

verfasst von: Manijeh Shaterian, Alireza Rezvani, Ahmad Reza Abbasian

Erschienen in: Journal of Polymer Research | Ausgabe 5/2021

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Magnetic zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) sub-microparticles were synthesized using a facile poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA)-assisted solvothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirm the formation of spinel structure of ZnFe2O4 with crystallite size from 11 to 41 nm. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) images show that the samples exhibit a spherical-like morphology self-assembled by primary nanoparticles with sizes about 95–345 nm that are changed with reaction conditions. The zeta potential is increased by the addition PDDA, which indicates the colloidal stability of the sub-microparticles. Dynamic light scattering measurement shows that the presence of PDDA significantly decreased the average hydrodynamic size of the sub-microparticles from 349 nm without PDDA to 117.6 nm with 6 mL of PDDA. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements reveal that the samples synthesized with 0 and 2 mL of PDDA exhibit superparamagnetic properties while those synthesized with 4, 6 and 8 mL of PDDA show a ferromagnetic behavior. The reaction time and different amounts of PDDA influence the crystallinity, size, magnetic property and surface area of the ZnFe2O4 sub-microparticles.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Pankhurst QA, Connolly J, Jones SK, Dobson J (2003) Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine. J Phys D Appl Phys 36:R167–R181CrossRef Pankhurst QA, Connolly J, Jones SK, Dobson J (2003) Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine. J Phys D Appl Phys 36:R167–R181CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Toledo-Antonio J, Nava N, Martınez M, Bokhimi X (2002) Correlation between the magnetism of non-stoichiometric zinc ferrites and their catalytic activity for oxidative dehydrogenation of 1-butene. Appl Catal A 234:137–144CrossRef Toledo-Antonio J, Nava N, Martınez M, Bokhimi X (2002) Correlation between the magnetism of non-stoichiometric zinc ferrites and their catalytic activity for oxidative dehydrogenation of 1-butene. Appl Catal A 234:137–144CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Raliya R, Avery C, Chakrabarti S, Biswas P (2017) Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye by pristine titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and graphene oxide nanostructures and their composites under visible light irradiation. Appl Nanosci 7:253–259CrossRef Raliya R, Avery C, Chakrabarti S, Biswas P (2017) Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye by pristine titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and graphene oxide nanostructures and their composites under visible light irradiation. Appl Nanosci 7:253–259CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Kobayashi M, Shirai H, Nunokawa M (2002) Measurements of Sulfur Capacity Proportional to Zinc Sulfidation on Sorbent Containing Zinc Ferrite−Silica Composite Powder in Pressurized Coal Gas. Ind Eng Chem Res 41:2903–2909CrossRef Kobayashi M, Shirai H, Nunokawa M (2002) Measurements of Sulfur Capacity Proportional to Zinc Sulfidation on Sorbent Containing Zinc Ferrite−Silica Composite Powder in Pressurized Coal Gas. Ind Eng Chem Res 41:2903–2909CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhong X-B, Yang Z-Z, Wang H-Y, Lu L, Jin B, Zha M, Jiang Q-C (2016) A novel approach to facilely synthesize mesoporous ZnFe2O4 nanorods for lithium ion batteries. J Power Sources 306:718–723CrossRef Zhong X-B, Yang Z-Z, Wang H-Y, Lu L, Jin B, Zha M, Jiang Q-C (2016) A novel approach to facilely synthesize mesoporous ZnFe2O4 nanorods for lithium ion batteries. J Power Sources 306:718–723CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang S, Gao X, Yang J, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Wang Y (2014) Synthesis and gas sensor application of ZnFe2O4–ZnO composite hollow microspheres. RSC Advances 4:57967–57974CrossRef Wang S, Gao X, Yang J, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Wang Y (2014) Synthesis and gas sensor application of ZnFe2O4–ZnO composite hollow microspheres. RSC Advances 4:57967–57974CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Mallakpour S, Madani M (2015) A review of current coupling agents for modification of metal oxide nanoparticles. Prog Org Coat 86:194–207CrossRef Mallakpour S, Madani M (2015) A review of current coupling agents for modification of metal oxide nanoparticles. Prog Org Coat 86:194–207CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang D, Wei K, Liu Q, Yang Y, Guo X, Rong H, Cheng M-L, Wang G (2013) Folic acid-functionalized magnetic ZnFe2O4 hollow microsphere core/mesoporous silica shell composite particles: Synthesis and application in drug release. Mater Sci Eng, C 33:2879–2884CrossRef Yang D, Wei K, Liu Q, Yang Y, Guo X, Rong H, Cheng M-L, Wang G (2013) Folic acid-functionalized magnetic ZnFe2O4 hollow microsphere core/mesoporous silica shell composite particles: Synthesis and application in drug release. Mater Sci Eng, C 33:2879–2884CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Anooj E, Sreelekshmi S, Gopukumar S, Praseetha P (2017) Evaluation of the Zinc Ferrite Nano particles for Bio-applications. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 46:22–26 Anooj E, Sreelekshmi S, Gopukumar S, Praseetha P (2017) Evaluation of the Zinc Ferrite Nano particles for Bio-applications. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 46:22–26
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Xuan S, Wang F, Wang Y-XJ, Jimmy CY, Leung KC-F (2010) Facile synthesis of size-controllable monodispersed ferrite nanospheres. J Mater Chem 20:5086–5094CrossRef Xuan S, Wang F, Wang Y-XJ, Jimmy CY, Leung KC-F (2010) Facile synthesis of size-controllable monodispersed ferrite nanospheres. J Mater Chem 20:5086–5094CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu Z-H, Yang X, Makita Y, Ooi K (2002) Preparation of a polycation-intercalated layered manganese oxide nanocomposite by a delamination/reassembling process. Chem Mater 14:4800–4806CrossRef Liu Z-H, Yang X, Makita Y, Ooi K (2002) Preparation of a polycation-intercalated layered manganese oxide nanocomposite by a delamination/reassembling process. Chem Mater 14:4800–4806CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Tripathi BP, Dubey NC, Stamm M (2013) Functional polyelectrolyte multilayer membranes for water purification applications. J Hazard Mater 252–253:401–412CrossRef Tripathi BP, Dubey NC, Stamm M (2013) Functional polyelectrolyte multilayer membranes for water purification applications. J Hazard Mater 252–253:401–412CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat .Li, F., Yang, Q., Qiu, F., and Liu, Y. (2016) Modification of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) at air atmosphere. Polym Adv Technol 27:1530–1534CrossRef .Li, F., Yang, Q., Qiu, F., and Liu, Y. (2016) Modification of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) at air atmosphere. Polym Adv Technol 27:1530–1534CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Borowiec J, Yan K, Tin C-C, Zhang J (2015) Synthesis of PDDA functionalized reduced graphene oxide decorated with gold nanoparticles and its electrochemical response toward levofloxacin. J Electrochem Soc 162:H164–H169CrossRef Borowiec J, Yan K, Tin C-C, Zhang J (2015) Synthesis of PDDA functionalized reduced graphene oxide decorated with gold nanoparticles and its electrochemical response toward levofloxacin. J Electrochem Soc 162:H164–H169CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Gan N, Zhang J, Lin S, Long N, Li T, Cao Y (2014) A novel magnetic graphene oxide composite absorbent for removing trace residues of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in water. Materials 7:6028–6044CrossRef Gan N, Zhang J, Lin S, Long N, Li T, Cao Y (2014) A novel magnetic graphene oxide composite absorbent for removing trace residues of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in water. Materials 7:6028–6044CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen H, Wang Y, Wang Y, Dong S, Wang E (2006) One-step preparation and characterization of PDDA-protected gold nanoparticles. Polymer 47:763–766CrossRef Chen H, Wang Y, Wang Y, Dong S, Wang E (2006) One-step preparation and characterization of PDDA-protected gold nanoparticles. Polymer 47:763–766CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang T, Zhang L, Wang H, Yang W, Fu Y, Zhou W, Yu W, Xiang K, Su Z, Dai S (2013) Controllable synthesis of hierarchical porous Fe3O4 particles mediated by poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and their application in arsenic removal. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:12449–12459CrossRef Wang T, Zhang L, Wang H, Yang W, Fu Y, Zhou W, Yu W, Xiang K, Su Z, Dai S (2013) Controllable synthesis of hierarchical porous Fe3O4 particles mediated by poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and their application in arsenic removal. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:12449–12459CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu Y, Hughes TC, Muir BW, Waddington LJ, Gengenbach TR, Easton CD, Hinton TM, Moffat BA, Hao X, Qiu J (2014) Water-dispersible magnetic carbon nanotubes as T2-weighted MRI contrast agents. Biomaterials 35:378–386CrossRef Liu Y, Hughes TC, Muir BW, Waddington LJ, Gengenbach TR, Easton CD, Hinton TM, Moffat BA, Hao X, Qiu J (2014) Water-dispersible magnetic carbon nanotubes as T2-weighted MRI contrast agents. Biomaterials 35:378–386CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Mevold AH, Hsu W-W, Hardiansyah A, Huang L-Y, Yang M-C, Liu T-Y, Chan T-Y, Wang K-S, Su Y-A, Jeng R-J (2015) Fabrication of gold nanoparticles/graphene-PDDA nanohybrids for bio-detection by SERS nanotechnology. Nanoscale Res Lett 10:397CrossRef Mevold AH, Hsu W-W, Hardiansyah A, Huang L-Y, Yang M-C, Liu T-Y, Chan T-Y, Wang K-S, Su Y-A, Jeng R-J (2015) Fabrication of gold nanoparticles/graphene-PDDA nanohybrids for bio-detection by SERS nanotechnology. Nanoscale Res Lett 10:397CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu R, Lv M, Wang Q, Li H, Guo P, Zhao XS (2017) Solvothermal synthesis of size-tunable ZnFe2O4 colloidal nanocrystal assemblies and their electrocatalytic activity towards hydrogen peroxide Liu R, Lv M, Wang Q, Li H, Guo P, Zhao XS (2017) Solvothermal synthesis of size-tunable ZnFe2O4 colloidal nanocrystal assemblies and their electrocatalytic activity towards hydrogen peroxide
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Guo P, Cui L, Wang Y, Lv M, Wang B, Zhao X (2013) Facile synthesis of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles with tunable magnetic and sensing properties. Langmuir 29:8997–9003CrossRef Guo P, Cui L, Wang Y, Lv M, Wang B, Zhao X (2013) Facile synthesis of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles with tunable magnetic and sensing properties. Langmuir 29:8997–9003CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang W, Shen F, Hong R (2011) Solvothermal synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 microparticles via self-assembly of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Particuology 9:179–186CrossRef Zhang W, Shen F, Hong R (2011) Solvothermal synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 microparticles via self-assembly of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Particuology 9:179–186CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhuang Z, Zhang J, Huang F, Wang Y, Lin Z (2009) Pure multistep oriented attachment growth kinetics of surfactant-free SnO2 nanocrystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 11:8516–8521CrossRef Zhuang Z, Zhang J, Huang F, Wang Y, Lin Z (2009) Pure multistep oriented attachment growth kinetics of surfactant-free SnO2 nanocrystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 11:8516–8521CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Xue X, Penn RL, Leite ER, Huang F, Lin Z (2014) Crystal growth by oriented attachment: kinetic models and control factors. Cryst Eng Comm 16:1419–1429CrossRef Xue X, Penn RL, Leite ER, Huang F, Lin Z (2014) Crystal growth by oriented attachment: kinetic models and control factors. Cryst Eng Comm 16:1419–1429CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Ma J, Zhao J, Li W, Zhang S, Tian Z, Basov S (2013) Preparation of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles via a novel solvothermal approach using divalent iron salt as precursors. Mater Res Bull 48:214–217CrossRef Ma J, Zhao J, Li W, Zhang S, Tian Z, Basov S (2013) Preparation of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles via a novel solvothermal approach using divalent iron salt as precursors. Mater Res Bull 48:214–217CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Rameshbabu R, Neppolian B (2016) Surfactant assisted hydrothermal synthesis of superparamagnetic ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles as an efficient visible-light photocatalyst for the degradation of organic pollutant. J Cluster Sci 27:1977–1987CrossRef Rameshbabu R, Neppolian B (2016) Surfactant assisted hydrothermal synthesis of superparamagnetic ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles as an efficient visible-light photocatalyst for the degradation of organic pollutant. J Cluster Sci 27:1977–1987CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Nurul Ulya H, Taufiq A, Sunaryono. (2019) Comparative Structural Properties of Nanosized ZnO/Fe3O4 Composites Prepared by Sonochemical and Sol-Gel Methods. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 276:012059CrossRef Nurul Ulya H, Taufiq A, Sunaryono. (2019) Comparative Structural Properties of Nanosized ZnO/Fe3O4 Composites Prepared by Sonochemical and Sol-Gel Methods. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 276:012059CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Din Israf Ud, Tasleem S, Naeem A, Kaisy Al, Ghassan MJ, Al Kaisy MJ (2013) Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticle Synthesis and Characterization, Effects of Annealing Temperature on the Size of nanoparticles. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 7(4):154–162 Din Israf Ud, Tasleem S, Naeem A, Kaisy Al, Ghassan MJ, Al Kaisy MJ (2013) Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticle Synthesis and Characterization, Effects of Annealing Temperature on the Size of nanoparticles. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 7(4):154–162
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang D-Q, Rochette J-F, Sacher E (2005) Spectroscopic evidence for π− π interaction between poly (diallyl dimethylammonium) chloride and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. J Phys Chem B 109:4481–4484CrossRef Yang D-Q, Rochette J-F, Sacher E (2005) Spectroscopic evidence for π− π interaction between poly (diallyl dimethylammonium) chloride and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. J Phys Chem B 109:4481–4484CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Thomas M, George KC (2009) Infrared and magnetic study of nanophase zinc ferrite. Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics (IJPAP) 47:81–86 Thomas M, George KC (2009) Infrared and magnetic study of nanophase zinc ferrite. Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics (IJPAP) 47:81–86
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Li Z, Gao K, Han G, Wang R, Li H, Zhao X, Guo P (2015) Solvothermal synthesis of MnFe2O4 colloidal nanocrystal assemblies and their magnetic and electrocatalytic properties. New J Chem 39:361–368CrossRef Li Z, Gao K, Han G, Wang R, Li H, Zhao X, Guo P (2015) Solvothermal synthesis of MnFe2O4 colloidal nanocrystal assemblies and their magnetic and electrocatalytic properties. New J Chem 39:361–368CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Roy M, Haldar B, Verma H (2005) Characteristic length scales of nanosize zinc ferrite. Nanotechnology 17:232CrossRef Roy M, Haldar B, Verma H (2005) Characteristic length scales of nanosize zinc ferrite. Nanotechnology 17:232CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Blanco-Gutierrez V, Saez-Puche R, Torralvo-Fernandez MJ (2012) Superparamagnetism and interparticle interactions in ZnFe2O4 nanocrystals. J Mater Chem 22:2992–3003CrossRef Blanco-Gutierrez V, Saez-Puche R, Torralvo-Fernandez MJ (2012) Superparamagnetism and interparticle interactions in ZnFe2O4 nanocrystals. J Mater Chem 22:2992–3003CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Yao C, Zeng Q, Goya G, Torres T, Liu J, Wu H, Ge M, Zeng Y, Wang Y, Jiang J (2007) ZnFe2O4 nanocrystals: synthesis and magnetic properties. J Phys Chem C 111:12274–12278CrossRef Yao C, Zeng Q, Goya G, Torres T, Liu J, Wu H, Ge M, Zeng Y, Wang Y, Jiang J (2007) ZnFe2O4 nanocrystals: synthesis and magnetic properties. J Phys Chem C 111:12274–12278CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Abbasian AR, Shafiee Afarani M (2019) One-step solution combustion synthesis and characterization of ZnFe2O4 and ZnFe1.6O4 nanoparticles, Appl Phys A 125, 721 Abbasian AR, Shafiee Afarani M (2019) One-step solution combustion synthesis and characterization of ZnFe2O4 and ZnFe1.6O4 nanoparticles, Appl Phys A 125, 721
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Rameshbabu R, Ramesh R, Kanagesan S, Karthigeyan A, Ponnusamy S (2014) Synthesis and study of structural, morphological and magnetic properties of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles. J Supercond Novel Magn 27:1499–1502CrossRef Rameshbabu R, Ramesh R, Kanagesan S, Karthigeyan A, Ponnusamy S (2014) Synthesis and study of structural, morphological and magnetic properties of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles. J Supercond Novel Magn 27:1499–1502CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang M, Zi Z, Liu Q, Zhang P, Tang X, Yang J, Zhu X, Sun Y, Dai J (2013) Size effects on magnetic properties of prepared by sol-gel method, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering Zhang M, Zi Z, Liu Q, Zhang P, Tang X, Yang J, Zhu X, Sun Y, Dai J (2013) Size effects on magnetic properties of prepared by sol-gel method, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Shaterian M, Rezvani A, Abbasian AR (2020) Controlled synthesis and self-assembly of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles into microspheres by solvothermal method, Materials Research Express 6, 1250e1255 Shaterian M, Rezvani A, Abbasian AR (2020) Controlled synthesis and self-assembly of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles into microspheres by solvothermal method, Materials Research Express 6, 1250e1255
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Aslibeiki B, Kameli P, Salamati H (2016) The effect of dipole-dipole interactions on coercivity, anisotropy constant, and blocking temperature of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles. J Appl Phys 119:063901CrossRef Aslibeiki B, Kameli P, Salamati H (2016) The effect of dipole-dipole interactions on coercivity, anisotropy constant, and blocking temperature of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles. J Appl Phys 119:063901CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Aslibeiki B, Kameli P, Ehsani M, Salamati H, Muscas G, Agostinelli E, Foglietti V, Casciardi S, Peddis D (2016) Solvothermal synthesis of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles: the role of polymer coating on morphology and magnetic properties. J Magn Magn Mater 399:236–244CrossRef Aslibeiki B, Kameli P, Ehsani M, Salamati H, Muscas G, Agostinelli E, Foglietti V, Casciardi S, Peddis D (2016) Solvothermal synthesis of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles: the role of polymer coating on morphology and magnetic properties. J Magn Magn Mater 399:236–244CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Vestal CR, Zhang ZJ (2003) Effects of surface coordination chemistry on the magnetic properties of MnFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 125:9828–9833CrossRef Vestal CR, Zhang ZJ (2003) Effects of surface coordination chemistry on the magnetic properties of MnFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 125:9828–9833CrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Kruk M, Jaroniec M (2001) Gas adsorption characterization of ordered organic− inorganic nanocomposite materials. Chem Mater 13:3169–3183CrossRef Kruk M, Jaroniec M (2001) Gas adsorption characterization of ordered organic− inorganic nanocomposite materials. Chem Mater 13:3169–3183CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat BELSORP-Analysis Software User’s Manual (2017), BEL JAPAN, INC BELSORP-Analysis Software User’s Manual (2017), BEL JAPAN, INC
Metadaten
Titel
Controllable synthesis of ZnFe2O4 sub-microparticles by poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-assisted solvothermal method
verfasst von
Manijeh Shaterian
Alireza Rezvani
Ahmad Reza Abbasian
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2021
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
Journal of Polymer Research / Ausgabe 5/2021
Print ISSN: 1022-9760
Elektronische ISSN: 1572-8935
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-021-02416-1

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2021

Journal of Polymer Research 5/2021 Zur Ausgabe

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.