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2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Critical Areas for Compliance with PM₁₀ and NO₂ Limit Values in Europe

verfasst von : C. Nagl, C. Ansorge, L. Moosmann, W. Spangl, H. Wiesenberger

Erschienen in: Urban Air Quality in Europe

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Abstract

The Directive on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe (2008/50/EC) requires compliance with limit values inter alia for PM₁₀ and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), to be achieved by Member States by 2005 and 2010, respectively. Member States have been allowed to postpone compliance with these limit values until 2011 and 2015, respectively, under certain conditions.

Within Europe there are several regions where compliance with these limit values is expected to be very difficult even after the postponement period.

In this study criteria for the identification of such critical areas have been developed, and the respective areas are described.

A subset of these areas has been selected and analysed in more detail. Critical factors that hamper compliance in these selected areas have been identified. These include adverse dispersion conditions, sheer size of agglomerations, emission densities from traffic, industry, domestic heating, and deficiencies in air quality assessment and management.

For the selected areas air quality management approaches have been analysed and suggestions for suitable courses of action are made, based on these findings.

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Nächstes Kapitel The Evolution and Control of NOx Emissions from Road Transport in Europe

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http://www.emep.int/index.html.

European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change, now ETC/ACM, European Topic Centre for Air Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation.

Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate, http://www.gmes-atmosphere.eu/.

The latter criteria excluded southern Spain, as no air quality plans and time extension notification were available at the time of writing.

Scandinavian cities have been excluded as the sparse air quality problems are mostly due to winter sanding only. In addition, due the rather low background levels, these cities are not comparable to central European cities.

http://www.wmo.int/pages/index_en.html.

http://mars.jrc.ec.europa.eu/mars.

http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/jrc/index.cfm.

The range of values in different areas also reflects the size of the regions. Whereas the area of Košice is covered by two EMEP grid cells, northern Italy comprises about 50 grid cells.

For Košice one exceedance was claimed to have been caused by the Ukraine in 2007.

http://www.gmes-atmosphere.eu/.

Source categories residential, commercial and other combustion, industrial processes, extraction distribution of fossil fuels, solvent use, road transport, other mobile sources, waste treatment and disposal, agriculture (SNAP 2, 4–10).

Source categories power generation and industrial combustion (SNAP 1 and 3).

Average concentration per inhabitant.

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/quality/legislation/time_extensions.html.

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Air Quality Directive: Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe

NEC Directive: Directive 2001/81/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants

Commission Decision 2004/461/EC: Commission Decision of 29 April 2004 laying down a questionnaire to be used for annual reporting on ambient air quality assessment under Council Directives 96/62/EC and 1999/30/EC and under Directives 2000/69/EC and 2002/3/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. C(2004) 1714

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LCP Directive: Directive 2001/80/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants

13.

IPPC Directive: Council Directive 1996/61/EC of 24 September 1996 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control

14.

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15.

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Titel: Critical Areas for Compliance with PM10 and NO2 Limit Values in Europe
verfasst von: C. Nagl
C. Ansorge
L. Moosmann
W. Spangl
H. Wiesenberger
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch: Urban Air Quality in Europe
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-38450-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-642-38451-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2012_164