nach oben

Erschienen in:

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. Cycling of Organic Matter

verfasst von : Christopher S. Cronan

Erschienen in: Ecosystem Biogeochemistry

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

One of the useful ways of integrating concepts of energy flow and nutrient cycling in a terrestrial ecosystem is to focus on the cycling of organic matter. The chemical energy and nutrients sequestered in terrestrial plant biomass or within a forest soil are part of a larger ecosystem cycle of organic matter characterized by (i) multiple storage pools with different residence times and (ii) multiple component processes, including trophic transfers among consumer organisms, production of detritus or necromass from senescent or dead life forms, release of elements from organic matter via decomposition and mineralization processes, evolution of gaseous CO₂ from respiration, and recycling of nutrients into new growth of organisms. This chapter examines how organic matter pools are distributed in the landscape, what processes control organic matter cycling, and how organic matter cycling is influenced by environmental and ecological conditions.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Plant Biogeochemistry

Nächstes Kapitel Atmospheric Deposition

Baisden WT, Parfitt RL, Ross C, Schipper LA, Canessa S (2011) Evaluating 50 years of time-series soil radiocarbon data: towards routine calculation of robust C residence times. Biogeochemistry. doi:10.1007/s10533-011-9675-y

Berg B, Staaf H (1981) Leaching, accumulation, and release of nitrogen in decomposing forest litter. Ecol Bull 33:163–178

Berg B, Davey MP, De Marco A, Emmett B, Faituri M, Hobbie SE, Johansson M-B, Liu C, McClaugherty C, Norell L, Rutigliano FA, Vesterdal L, Virzo De Santo A (2010) Factors influencing limit values for pine needle litter decomposition: a synthesis for boreal and temperate pine forest systems. Biogeochemistry 100:57–73CrossRef

Bowden RD, Nadelhoffer KJ, Boone RD, Melillo JM, Garrison JB (1993) Contributions of aboveground litter, belowground litter, and root respiration to total soil respiration in a temperate mixed hardwood forest. Can J For Res 23:1402–1407CrossRef

Bray JR, Gorham E (1964) Litter production in forests of the world. Adv Ecol Res 2:101–157CrossRef

Buchmann N (2000) Biotic and abiotic factors controlling soil respiration rates in Picea abies stands. Soil Biol Biochem 32:1625–1635CrossRef

Bünemann EK (2015) Assessment of gross and net mineralization rates of soil organic phosphorus: a review. Soil Biol Biochem 89:82–98CrossRef

Coleman DC, Crossley DA (1996) Fundamentals of soil ecology. Academic Press, New York

Covington WW (1981) Changes in forest floor organic matter and nutrient content following clear cutting in northern hardwoods. Ecology 62:41–48CrossRef

Cromack K, Monk CD (1975) Litter production, decomposition, and nutrient cycling in a mixed hardwood watershed and a white pine watershed. In: Howell FG et al. (eds) Mineral cycling in southeastern ecosystems. CONF-740513. National Technical Information Service, pp 609–624

Cronan CS (1990) Patterns of organic acid transport from forested watersheds to aquatic ecosystems. In: Perdue EM, Gjessing ET (eds) Organic acids in aquatic ecosystems. Wiley, New York, pp 245–260

Cronan CS (2003) Belowground biomass, production, and carbon cycling in mature Norway spruce, Maine, USA. Can J For Res 33:339–350CrossRef

Currie WS, Aber JD (1997) Modeling leaching as a decomposition process in humid montane forests. Ecology 78:1844–1860CrossRef

Cusack DF, Chadwick OA, Ladefoged T, Vitousek PM (2012) Long-term effects of agriculture on soil carbon pools and carbon chemistry along a Hawaiian environmental gradient. Biogeochemistry. doi:10.1007/s10533-012-9718-z

Dornbush ME, Isenhart TM, Raich JW (2002) Quantifying fine root decomposition: an alternative to buried litterbags. Ecology 83:2985–2990CrossRef

Edwards NT, Harris WF (1977) Carbon cycling in a mixed deciduous forest floor. Ecology 58:431–437CrossRef

Fahey TJ (1983) Nutrient dynamics of aboveground detritus in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Ssp. latifolia) ecosystems, southeastern Wyoming. Ecol Monogr 53:51–72CrossRef

Fahey TJ, Siccama TG, Driscoll CT, Likens GE, Campbell J, Johnson CE, Battles JJ, Aber JD, Cole JJ, Fisk MC, Groffman PM, Hamburg SP, Holmes RT, Schwarz PA, Yanai RD (2005) The biogeochemistry of carbon at Hubbard Brook. Biogeochemistry 75:109–176CrossRef

Foster JR, Lang GE (1982) Decomposition of red spruce and balsam fir boles in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Can J For Res 12:617–626CrossRef

Frey SD, Ollinger S, Nadelhoffer K, Bowden R, Brzostek E, Burton A, Caldwell BA, Crow S, Goodale CL, Grandy AS, Finzi A, Kramer MG, Lajtha K, LeMoine J, Martin M, McDowell WH, Minocha R, Sadowsky JJ, Templer PH, Wickings K (2014) Chronic nitrogen additions suppress decomposition and sequester soil carbon in temperate forests. Biogeochemistry 121:305–316CrossRef

Gaudinski JB, Trumbore SE, Davidson EA, Zheng S (2000) Soil carbon cycling in a temperate forest: radiocarbon-based estimates of residence times, sequestration rates, and partitioning fluxes. Biogeochemistry 51:33–69CrossRef

Gholz HL, Hendry LC, Cropper WP (1986) Organic matter dynamics of fine roots in plantations of slash pine (Pinus elliotti) in north Florida. Can J For Res 16:529–538CrossRef

Giardina CP, Ryan MG (2000) Evidence that decomposition rates of organic carbon in mineral soil do not vary with temperature. Nature 404:858–860CrossRef

Gonzalez G, Seastedt TR (2001) Soil fauna and plant litter decomposition in tropical and subalpine forests. Ecology 82:955–964CrossRef

Gosz JR, Likens GE, Bormann FH (1972) Nutrient content of litterfall on the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH. Ecology 53:769–784CrossRef

Gosz JR, Likens GE, Bormann FH (1973) Nutrient release from decomposing leaf and branch litter in the Hubbard Brook Forest, NH. Ecol Monogr 43:173–191CrossRef

Gosz JR, Likens GE, Bormann FH (1976) Organic matter and nutrient dynamics of the forest and forest floor in the Hubbard Brook Forest. Oecologia 22:305–320CrossRef

Grier CC, Vogt KA, Keyes MR, Edmonds RL (1981) Biomass distribution and above- and belowground production in young and mature Abies amabilis zone ecosystems of the Washington cascades. Can J For Res 11:155–167CrossRef

Harmon ME, Franklin JF, Swanson FJ, Sollins P, Gregory SV, Lattin JD, Anderson NH, Cline SP, Aumen NG, Sedell JR, Lienkaemper GW, Cromack K, Cummins KW (1986) Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems. Adv Ecol Res 15:133–276CrossRef

Hart SC (1999) Nitrogen transformations in fallen tree boles and mineral soil of an old-growth forest. Ecology 80:1385–1394CrossRef

Haynes BE, Gower ST (1995) Belowground carbon allocation in unfertilized and fertilized red pine plantations in northern Wisconsin. Tree Physiol 15:317–325CrossRef

Hobbie SE (1996) Temperature and plant species control over litter decomposition in Alaskan tundra. Ecol Monogr 66:503–522CrossRef

Hobbie SE (2015) Plant species effects on nutrient cycling: revisiting litter feedbacks. Trends Ecol Evol 30:357–363CrossRef

Honeycutt CW, Zibilske LM, Clapham WM (1988) Heat units for describing C mineralization and predicting net N mineralization. Soil Sci Soc Am J 52:1346–1350CrossRef

Huntington TG, Ryan DF, Hamburg SP (1988) Estimating soil nitrogen and carbon pools in a northern hardwood forest ecosystem. Soil Sci Soc Am J 52:1162–1167CrossRef

Jobbagy EG, Jackson RB (2000) The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to climate and vegetation. Ecol Appl 10:423–436CrossRef

Johnson DW (1992) Nitrogen retention in forest soils. J Environ Qual 21:1–12CrossRef

Joslin JD, Henderson GS (1987) Organic matter and nutrients associated with fine root turnover in a white oak stand. For Sci 33:330–346

Lambert RL (1980) The biomass, coverage, and decay rates of dead boles in terrace forests, South Fork Hoh River, Olympic National Park. In: Second conference on scientific research in the National Parks, AIBS, San Francisco, pp 64–79

Lambert RL, Lang GE, Reiners WA (1980) Loss of mass and chemical change in decaying boles of a subalpine balsam fir forest. Ecology 61:1460–1473CrossRef

Lang GE, Knight DH (1979) Decay rates for boles of tropical trees in Panama. Biotropica 11:316–317CrossRef

Lang GE, Cronan CS, Reiners WA (1981) Organic matter and major elements of the forest floors and soils in subalpine balsam fir forests. Can J For Res 11:388–399CrossRef

Manzoni S, Trofymow JA, Jackson RB, Porporato A (2010) Stoichiometric controls on carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus dynamics in decomposing litter. Ecol Monogr 80(1):89–106CrossRef

McCormack LM, Crisfield E, Raczka B, Schnekenburger F, Eissenstat DM, Smithwick EAH (2015) Sensitivity of four ecological models to adjustments in fine root turnover rate. Ecol Model 297:107–117CrossRef

McDowell WH, Likens GE (1988) Origin, composition, and flux of dissolved organic carbon in the Hubbard Brook Valley. Ecol Monogr 58:177–195CrossRef

McFarlane KJ, Torn MS, Hanson PJ, Porras RC, Swanston CW, Callaham MA Jr, Guilderson TP (2012) Comparison of soil organic matter dynamics at five temperate deciduous forests with physical fractionation and radiocarbon measurements. Biogeochemistry. doi:10.1007/s10533-012-9740-1

Meentenmeyer V (1978) Macroclimate and lignin control of litter decomposition rates. Ecology 59:465–472CrossRef

Melillo JM, Aber JD, Muratore JF (1982) Nitrogen and lignin control hardwood leaf litter decomposition dynamics. Ecology 63:621–626CrossRef

Melillo JM, Aber JD, Linkins AE, Ricca A, Fry B, Nadelhoffer KJ (1989) Carbon and nitrogen dynamics along the decay continuum: plant litter to soil organic matter. Plant Soil 115:189–198CrossRef

Melillo JM, Steudler PA, Aber JD, Newkirk K, Lux H, Bowles FP, Catricala C, Magill A, Ahrens T, Morrisseau S (2002) Soil warming and carbon cycle feedbacks to the climate system. Science 298:2173–2176CrossRef

Mitchell MJ, Driscoll CT, Kahl JS, Likens GE, Murdoch PS, Pardo LH (1996) Climatic control of nitrate loss from forested watersheds in the northeast United States. Environ Sci Technol 30:2609–2612CrossRef

Montieth DT, Henrys PA, Evans CD, Malcolm I, Shilland EM, Pereira MG (2015) Spatial controls on dissolved organic carbon in upland waters inferred from a simple statistical model. Biogeochemistry 123:363–377CrossRef

Mueller KE, Hobbie SE, Chorover J, Reich PB, Eisenhauer N, Castellano MJ, Chadwick OA, Dobies T, Hale CM, Joagodzinski AM, Kalucka I, Kieliszewska-Rokicka B, Modrzynski J, Rozen A, Skorupski M, Sobczyk L, Stasinska M, Trocha LK, Weiner J, Wierzbicka A, Oleksyn J (2015) Effects of litter traits, soil biota, and soil chemistry on soil carbon stocks at a common garden with 14 tree species. Biogeochemistry 123:313–327CrossRef

Murphy KL, Klopatek JM, Klopatek CC (1998) The effects of litter quality and climate on decomposition along an elevational gradient. Ecol Appl 8:1061–1071CrossRef

Murphy CJ, Baggs EM, Morley N, Wall DP, Paterson E (2015) Rhizosphere priming can promote mobilization of N-rich compounds from soil organic matter. Soil Biol Biochem 81:236–243CrossRef

Neu V, Neill C, Krusche AV (2011) Gaseous and fluvial carbon export from an Amazon forest watershed. Biogeochemistry 105:133–147CrossRef

Olson JS (1963) Energy storage and the balance of producers and decomposers in ecological systems. Ecology 44:322–331CrossRef

Prescott CE (2010) Litter decomposition: what controls it and how can we alter it to sequester more carbon in forest soils? Biogeochemistry 101:133–149CrossRef

Qualls RG, Haines BL, Swank WT (1991) Fluxes of dissolved organic nutrients and humic substances in a deciduous forest. Ecology 72:254–266CrossRef

Raich JW, Nadelhoffer KJ (1989) Belowground carbon allocation in forest ecosystems: global trends. Ecology 70:1346–1354CrossRef

Reiners WA (1992) Twenty years of ecosystem reorganization following experimental deforestation and regrowth suppression. Ecol Monogr 62:503–523CrossRef

Richter DD, Markewitz D, Trumbore SE, Wells CG (1999) Rapid accumulation and turnover of soil carbon in a re-establishing forest. Nature 400:56–58CrossRef

Rustad LE (1994) Element dynamics along a decay continuum in a red spruce ecosystem in Maine, USA. Ecology 75:867–879CrossRef

Rustad LE, Cronan CS (1988) Element loss and retention during litter decay in a red spruce stand in Maine. Can J For Res 18:947–953CrossRef

Schlesinger WH (1977) Carbon balance in terrestrial detritus. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 8:51–81CrossRef

Schwarze FWMR, Engels J, Mattheck C (1999) Fungal strategies of wood decay in trees. Springer, New York

Sinsabaugh RL, Follstad Shah JJ (2011) Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry of recalcitrant organic matter decomposition: the growth rate hypothesis in reverse. Biogeochemistry 102:31–43CrossRef

Staaf H, Berg B (1982) Accumulation and release of plant nutrients in decomposing Scots pine needle litter. Long-term decomposition in a Scots pine forest II. Can J Bot 60:1561–1568CrossRef

Strickland TC, Sollins P (1987) Improved method for separating light and heavy-fraction organic material from soil. Soil Sci Soc America J 51:1390–1393CrossRef

Talbot JM, Martin F, Kohler A, Henrissat B, Peay KG (2015) Functional guild classification predicts the enzymatic role of fungi in litter and soil biogeochemistry. Soil Biol Biochem 88:441–456CrossRef

Thompson MV, Vitousek PM (1997) Asymbiotic nitrogen fixation and litter decomposition during long-term soil development in Hawaiian montane rain forest. Biotropica 29:134–144CrossRef

Trumbore S (2000) Age of soil organic matter and soil respiration: radiocarbon constraints on belowground C dynamics. Ecol Appl 10:399–411CrossRef

Trumbore SE, Gaudinski JB (2003) The secret lives of roots. Science 302:1344–1345CrossRef

Trumbore SE, Chadwick OA, Amundson R (1996) Rapid exchange between soil carbon and atmospheric carbon dioxide driven by temperature change. Science 272:393–396CrossRef

Turner J, Singer MJ (1976) Nutrient distribution and cycling in a sub-alpine coniferous forest ecosystem. J Appl Ecolo 13:295–301CrossRef

Veldekampe E (1994) Organic carbon turnover in three tropical soils under pasture after deforestation. Soil Sci Soc Am J 58:175–180CrossRef

Vogt KA, Grier CC, Vogt DJ (1986) Production, turnover, and nutrient dynamics of above- and belowground detritus of world forests. Adv Ecol Res 15:303–377CrossRef

Yavitt JB, Fahey TJ (1982) Loss of mass and nutrient changes of decaying woody roots in lodgepole pine forests, southeastern Wyoming. Can J For Res 12:745–752CrossRef

Titel: Cycling of Organic Matter
verfasst von: Christopher S. Cronan
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Ecosystem Biogeochemistry
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-66443-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-66444-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66444-6_5