Data Processing in a Healthcare National System

In modern society and economy, a “personal data” can be considered as an “asset” with an own intrinsic value: since the increasing speed of technological evolution (added to the borderless context given by Globalisation) led the International Regulators to consider both how to guarantee the rights of individual natural person and the impact of Big-Data processing and management on the society and on economical markets, including in this range both the public and private scope. Nowadays we are assisting to a natural evolution from Big-Data to Smart-Data, especially in medical's and pharma's fields – due to a large treatment of sensitive data – in which it is fundamental to focus on the balancing between advantages and obligations, through the correct application of the “accountability principle” of the GDPR.Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, IoT, and Smart Data, due to their nature and customization, give an added value to what can be called “Health 4.0”, i.e. that mechanism of close collaboration between the operators of the integrated health and pharmaceutical system, through the interaction of information and data. Nevertheless, many legal and ethical aspects have not been exploited yet, still giving some uncertainties on possible future evolutions.