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Erschienen in:
Re-Thinking Latin American Regional Security: The Impact of Power and Politics Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Desecuritizing the ‘War on Drugs’

verfasst von : Carolina Cepeda Másmela, Arlene B. Tickner

Erschienen in: Power Dynamics and Regional Security in Latin America

Verlag: Palgrave Macmillan UK

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Abstract

This chapter makes use of Colombian-US bilateral relations as a window to trace the evolution of the US-designed ‘war on drugs’, highlighting the role of securitization in the development of counternarcotics activities in Colombia and discussing the process through which the shortcomings of this policy have created opportunities to engage in desecuritization and to design alternative strategies. It explores the principles that have sustained the ‘war on drugs’ and the evolution of Colombian-US relations since 1998, providing an overall assessment of the anti-drug strategy that helps to analyse the possibilities of desecuritization in the light of the Copenhagen school’s securitization theory. Finally, the chapter identifies the challenges that drug policy reform currently faces in Colombia and Latin America more generally.

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Fußnoten
1
Colombia, Office of the President, ‘Plan Colombia: Plan for Peace, Prosperity and the Strengthening of the State’, Bogotá 1999.
 
2
Although the FARC as well as the National Liberation Army (ELN) and the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) were classified as terrorist organizations before 20 February 2002, until the day that peace talks with the guerrillas ended, Colombian officials were careful to avoid using the term in public references to these armed groups.
 
3
Colombia, Office of the President and Ministry of National Defense, ‘Defense Policy and Democratic Security’, 2003, 12, http://​www.​mindefensa.​gov.​co.
 
4
Álvaro Uribe’s speech before the UN General Assembly, 24 September 2008.
 
5
Statistics on illicit drugs are also published annually and may be consulted in the following reports: US Department of State, International Narcotics Control Strategy Report; UNODC, Colombia Coca Cultivation Survey; and UNODC, World Drug Report.
 
6
Overuse of this instrument was challenged in 2009 by the Colombian Supreme Court, which rejected several requests for extradition based on the argument that crimes against humanity superseded drug trafficking.
 
7
Between 1997 and 2007, similarly, the price of heroin fell by 30 per cent.
 
8
In contrast, the fact that since 2004 there has been an increase in consumption in Europe can explain the periods of scarcity in the US market.
 
9
Prices per gram in amounts ranging from 10 to 50 g.
 
10
Coca crops have also been scattered and fragmented as a result of the balloon effect. Between 1999 and 2008, they increased from 12 departments to 24 in Colombia.
 
11
Data from UNODC shows that Bolivia and Peru keep a decreasing tendency in 2014.
 
12
It is worth noting that the environmental effects of cocaine production are similarly negative.
 
13
1 cato is equivalent to 1.600 square meters.
 
14
See ‘Juan Manuel Santos: It’s Time to Think Again about the War on Drugs’, The Guardian, 12 November 2011, available at: http://​www.​theguardian.​com/​world/​2011/​nov/​13/​colombia-juan-santos-war-on-drugs.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Desecuritizing the ‘War on Drugs’
verfasst von
Carolina Cepeda Másmela
Arlene B. Tickner
Copyright-Jahr
2017
Buch
Power Dynamics and Regional Security in Latin America

Print ISBN: 978-1-137-57381-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-137-57382-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2017

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57382-7_13

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