Design of Thinned Rhombic Fractal Array Antenna Using GA and PSO Optimization Techniques for Space and Advanced Wireless Applications

Fractal array antennas are repetitive geometry-based structures. These are multi-beam and ultra wideband array antennas having better array factor performance and space filling capability. A big confront in the fractal array antenna design is a large number of antenna elements at larger expansion levels and iterations. This research contribution proposes the design of thinned rhombic fractal array antenna for four different iteration levels with evolutionary optimization methods like genetic algorithm optimization technique and particle swarm optimization technique for space and advanced wireless applications. Owing to the application of evolutionary optimization techniques to the considered fractal array, nearly 25–50% of thinning achieved in various iterations and better array factor properties achieved than the fully populated rhombic fractal array antenna.