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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

8. Designs with Three or More Factors: Latin-Square and Related Designs

verfasst von : Paul D. Berger, Robert E. Maurer, Giovana B. Celli

Erschienen in: Experimental Design

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

When more than two factors are under study, the number of possible treatment combinations grows exponentially. For example, with only three factors, each at five levels, there are 53 = 125 possible combinations. Although modeling such an experiment is straightforward, running it is another matter. It would be rare to actually carry out an experiment with 125 different treatment combinations, because the management needed and the money required would be great.

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Fußnoten
1
We do not include in our discussion the cost of analyzing the experiment. This cost doesn’t materially vary with the size of the experiment. We do not view the data entry cost of 150 data points as materially more expensive than that of 32 data values, for example.
 
2
What we mean by delicacy is having a more finely-grained resolution with respect to the ability to choose which subset of interaction effects is assumed to equal zero. The designs discussed in this chapter require the assumption that all interaction effects equal zero.
 
3
If there were replication, nothing material in our discussion would change. Instead of “exactly one data value” at each level of B and of C, it would be “exactly n data values (…).” The key is that it is the same number of data values at each level of each other factor.
 
4
Obviously, in the general case of less data, less power holds true. That is, with no replicates and keeping everything else the same, there will be less power in the hypothesis testing than if we did have replication.
 
5
A 3 × 3 Latin square can be said to be a “one-third replicate,” a 4 × 4 Latin square can be said to be a “one-fourth replicate,” a 5 × 5 a “one-fifth replicate,” and so forth.
 
6
One could argue the possibility that factors B and C interact; ancillary services might be a tad more attractive if hours open are more convenient. One could also argue that this interaction, if not zero, is negligible. In any event, it is the subject-matter experts (car dealers) who decide.
 
7
For some readers, this might be the first time that he/she actually sees a factoring of a quadratic equation being used in many years – if not the first time ever since learning it in high school. See, it wasn’t a total waste after all!
 
8
More information about Youden squares can be found in K. C. Peng, The Design and Analysis of Scientific Experiments, Reading, Mass., Addison Wesley, 1967, among other references listed in Chap. 18.
 
Metadaten
Titel
Designs with Three or More Factors: Latin-Square and Related Designs
verfasst von
Paul D. Berger
Robert E. Maurer
Giovana B. Celli
Copyright-Jahr
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64583-4_8