Determination of Functional Relation Between Parameters of Weld Penetration Shape and Measurable Output Variables in Electron-Beam Welding Process

Parameters of weld penetration shape (depth and width) are subject to a nonstationary change during the process of electron-beam welding because of the effect of uncontrolled disturbances. This is unacceptable, especially for welding products of critical use. The lack of information about weld penetration shape during the process of welding dictates the need for periodic welding of reference specimens for its control, which reduces the efficiency of the EBW-technology. In this paper, an experimental approach is considered that makes it possible to determine a functional dependence between the parameters of a weld penetration shape and measurable output variables in the electron-beam welding process based on the energy balance of the beam in a vapor-gas crater. The presence of such an equation of connection makes it possible to carry out the current control over the formation of a weld penetration shape of the welded joint. The introduction of control or management of the current shape of weld penetration ensures the reliability of requirements’ realization of this technology.