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2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

11. Drivers, Pressures and Stressors: The Societal Framework of Water Resources Management

verfasst von : Léna Salamé, Janos J. Bogardi, Zita Sebesvari, Klement Tockner, Burcu Yazici, Fatma Turan, Burcu Calli, Aslıhan Kerç, Olcay Ünver, Yvonne Walz

Erschienen in: Handbook of Water Resources Management: Discourses, Concepts and Examples

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Every aspect of human activity and development indeed subjects water to a number of pressures at accelerated paces. Rapidly expanding populations, urbanisation, agricultural intensification, increasing energy demand, industrial production, land use changes, along with every infrastructure development works, among others, constitute a complex set of drivers who become source of pressure to the water bodies, and stress to their associated ecosystems. This chapter analyses a number of pressures and how they become sources of stress to water bodies but also on social systems. Thus three additional areas and interconnections (water and migration, water and food security and water and health) are presented to illustrate the associated drivers and pressures which ultimately yield stresses with unwelcome social and natural consequences. Each section ends with suggested actions to be taken in responding to threats and achieving realistic planning and efficient decision making for water management.

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Fußnoten
1
Section 11.2 is based on and follows parts of Chap 2 of Volume 4 of UN Environment (2018) A Framework for Freshwater Ecosystem Management. www.​unenvironment.​org/​resources/​publication/​framework-freshwater-ecosystem-management).
 
9
‘Green’ water comes from rainfall stored in the soil and transpired by crops. ‘Blue’ water is sourced from surface or groundwater and used for agriculture, industry and domestic purposes.
 
10
Defined as prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population, based on the food insecurity experience scale (United Nations, General Assembly 2017).
 
11
Countries are considered water-stressed if they withdraw more than 25% of their renewable freshwater resources. They approach physical water scarcity when more than 60% is withdrawn, and face severe physical water scarcity when more than 75% is withdrawn (FAO 2016).
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Drivers, Pressures and Stressors: The Societal Framework of Water Resources Management
verfasst von
Léna Salamé
Janos J. Bogardi
Zita Sebesvari
Klement Tockner
Burcu Yazici
Fatma Turan
Burcu Calli
Aslıhan Kerç
Olcay Ünver
Yvonne Walz
Copyright-Jahr
2021
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60147-8_11