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2018 | Buch

Economic Models for Managing Cloud Services

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The authors introduce both the quantitative and qualitative economic models as optimization tools for the selection of long-term cloud service requests. The economic models fit almost intuitively in the way business is usually done and maximize the profit of a cloud provider for a long-term period.

The authors propose a new multivariate Hidden Markov and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (HMM-ARIMA) model to predict various patterns of runtime resource utilization. A heuristic-based Integer Linear Programming (ILP) optimization approach is developed to maximize the runtime resource utilization. It deploys a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) to model the dynamic pricing and long-term operating cost. A new Hybrid Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (HAGA) is proposed that optimizes a non-linear profit function periodically to address the stochastic arrival of requests. Next, the authors explore the Temporal Conditional Preference Network (TempCP-Net) as the qualitative economic model to represent the high-level IaaS business strategies. The temporal qualitative preferences are indexed in a multidimensional k-d tree to efficiently compute the preference ranking at runtime. A three-dimensional Q-learning approach is developed to find an optimal qualitative composition using statistical analysis on historical request patterns.

Finally, the authors propose a new multivariate approach to predict future Quality of Service (QoS) performances of peer service providers to efficiently configure a TempCP-Net. It discusses the experimental results and evaluates the efficiency of the proposed composition framework using Google Cluster data, real-world QoS data, and synthetic data. It also explores the significance of the proposed approach in creating an economically viable and stable cloud market.

This book can be utilized as a useful reference to anyone who is interested in theory, practice, and application of economic models in cloud computing. This book will be an invaluable guide for small and medium entrepreneurs who have invested or plan to invest in cloud infrastructures and services. Overall, this book is suitable for a wide audience that includes students, researchers, and practitioners studying or working in service-oriented computing and cloud computing.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
Cloud computing is inexorably becoming the technology of choice among big and small businesses to deploy and manage their IT infrastructures and applications [8]. The primary drivers for this paradigm shift include the fast increase in the costs of maintaining in-house IT infrastructures, non-adaptability of traditional paradigms to changing business requirements, achieving better scalability and ease of management. On the part of IT resource providers, the higher and cheaper network bandwidth and commoditization of data storage and computational resources provide significant economies of scale. Large companies such as Amazon, Google, Microsoft, and IBM are providing cloud solutions to consumers [21].
Sajib Mistry, Athman Bouguettaya, Hai Dong
Chapter 2. Background
Abstract
An introduction to the research fields related to the management of services in cloud environments is given in this chapter to help readers gain a better understanding of the work described in this book. In particular, an overview of cloud service composition and economic models are presented in this chapter. Furthermore, we discuss existing prediction models and optimization techniques for developing economic models for an efficient management framework. Finally, we discuss the research gaps in existing approaches and possible directions to develop the economic models for a better cloud service management.
Sajib Mistry, Athman Bouguettaya, Hai Dong
Chapter 3. Long-Term IaaS Composition for Deterministic Requests
Abstract
Abstract
Sajib Mistry, Athman Bouguettaya, Hai Dong
Chapter 4. Long-Term IaaS Composition for Stochastic Requests
Abstract
One of the key characteristic of a cloud service is its flexibility [8]. It is a key catalyst for the economic growth of the cloud market. Cloud consumers usually observe three desired properties in a flexible cloud service: a) on-demand provision, b) elasticity, and c) flexible pricing [21]. In the on-demand provision model, computing resources are made available to consumers as needed. Service consumers can use a service at any time irrespective of a short-term or a long-term contract [121]. Cloud elasticity is the ability of an application to automatically adjust the infrastructure resources usage to accommodate varied workloads and priorities [70]. Consumers can extend or shrink the size of services according to their workloads. A flexible pricing model allows consumers to pay only for what they use [8].
Sajib Mistry, Athman Bouguettaya, Hai Dong
Chapter 5. Long-Term Qualitative IaaS Composition
Abstract
User preferences are one of the key research subjects in developing personalized applications [126]. In many real life service composition scenarios, the target is to achieve the desired functional goal while ensuring user-provided preferences. For example, a travel planner usually composes services from different transportation and accommodation services. The functional goal of the planner is to find a trip from a source to a destination for its users. However, such a composition usually takes into account user preferences such as total costs, journey times and modes of transportation. A user may specify that he/she is flexible on tour dates but wishes to travel on business class or on a flight with a lower price.
Sajib Mistry, Athman Bouguettaya, Hai Dong
Chapter 6. Service Providers’ Long-Term QoS Prediction Model
Abstract
It is natural for different providers to compete in the cloud market to maximize their profits using their individual economic models. The performance index of a provider can be calculated using the information of resource utilization, price fairness, consumers’ satisfactions and providers’ profits [71]. It is necessary for a provider to compare its performances with the overall performance of the cloud market. For example, a higher performance index of the market indicates that most providers are making profits while maintaining service level agreements. Conversely, a lower performance index of a provider may suggest the provider should find some alternative solutions to become competitive and profitable in the market.
Sajib Mistry, Athman Bouguettaya, Hai Dong
Chapter 7. Conclusion
Abstract
Numerous reports predict that global cloud services will increase from $180B in 2015 to $390B in 2020, attaining a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 17%. SaaS-based applications are predicted to grow at 18% CAGR, and IaaS or PaaS is predicted to grow at 27% CAGR [114]. To further build and capitalize on this trend, further innovations in the cloud market are required. For example, a solid theoretical framework and architecture for an economically viable cloud service infrastructure may boost the confidence of investors on their Return on Investments (ROI). In this respect, we propose an IaaS service composition framework to maximize long-term profits using quantitative and qualitative economic models.
Sajib Mistry, Athman Bouguettaya, Hai Dong
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Economic Models for Managing Cloud Services
verfasst von
Sajib Mistry
Athman Bouguettaya
Hai Dong
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-73876-5
Print ISBN
978-3-319-73875-8
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73876-5