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2011 | Buch

AC Electrokinetic Micro- and Nano-particle Manipulation and Characterization Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Electrokinetics and Electrohydrodynamics in Microsystems

herausgegeben von: Antonio Ramos

Verlag: Springer Vienna

Buchreihe : CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

Among the most promising techniques to handle small objects at the micrometer scale are those that employ electrical forces, which have the advantages of voltage-based control and dominance over other forces. The book provides a state-of-the-art knowledge on both theoretical and applied aspects of the electrical manipulation of colloidal particles and fluids in microsystems and covers the following topics: dielectrophoresis, electrowetting, electrohydrodynamics in microsystems, and electrokinetics of fluids and particles. The book is addressed to doctoral students, young or senior researchers, chemical engineers and/or biotechnologists with an interest in microfluidics, lab-on-chip or MEMS.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
AC Electrokinetic Micro- and Nano-particle Manipulation and Characterization
Abstract
Automated or remote manipulation and characterization of particles is a key element in microfluidic devices. Microelectrodes integrated into microfluidic devices can generate large electric fields and field gradients using low voltages. The field gradients can be used to actively drive the motion of particles by dielectrophoresis. In this chapter, the basis of AC electrokinetics is reviewed and example applications for manipulation and characterization of particles are provided.
Tao Sun, Hywel Morgan
Electrostatics and Quasielectrostatics
Abstract
This chapter discusses the basics of electrostatic and quasielectrostatic systems from the perspective of charges and forces on charges. The fundamental equations and physical concepts are discussed along with relevant constructs such as the electric field and dipole moments. Polarisation and dielectrics are discussed in detail, outlining the mechanisms and special cases relevant to electrokinetic phenomena.
Nicolas G. Green
Dielectrophoresis and AC Electrokinetics
Abstract
This chapter discusses the forces produced by the interaction of non-uniform electric fields with the induced moments of the particle, focussing mainly on dielectrophoresis. Other AC electrokinetic effects will be discussed: a field with rotating field vector gives rise to a torque on a particle, referred to as electrorotation; and a field with a spatially varying phase (rather than magnitude) gives rise to travelling wave dielectrophoresis. Expressions will be derived for the different forces and torques and describe the resulting movement of the particles. The frequency dependent behaviour will be discussed and presented as a mechanism of determining the dielectric properties of a particle, as well as manipulating and separating different types of particle.
Nicolas G. Green
Fundamentals of Electrowetting and Applications in Microsystems
Abstract
Electrowetting has become widely used to control the wettability of solid surfaces in microsystems. In this chapter, we briefly introduce basic concepts of wetting and we discuss in detail the fundamental physics behind the electrowetting phenomenon. We compare the different theoretical approaches to the electrowetting equation, i.e. the thermodynamic derivation and the electromechanical interpretation. The effects of using AC signals are discussed and the limits of validity of the electrowetting equation for increasing voltage are presented (contact angle saturation and contact line instabilities). In the second part of this chapter, we review applications where electroweting has shown itself as a powerful tool, like electrowetting-based displays and lenses. Special attention is dedicated to the use of electrowetting in microfluidic devices.
Pablo Garcí-Sánchez, Frieder Mugele
Electrohydrodynamic Pumping in Microsystems
Abstract
The electrical manipulation of fluids in microsystems has many existing and potential applications. This chapter reviews five different ways of electrohydrodynamic actuation in microdevices. First, we describe the basic equations of Electrohydrodynamics in the microscale, providing some basic concepts of electrical conduction in liquids. We also deal with some basic fluid-mechanical aspects that are common for micropumps. Then, five different electrohydrodynamic micropumps are studied and compared: from those that employ forces in the liquid bulk to those that employ forces in the electrical double layer.
Antonio Ramos
Electrohydrodynamic Stability
Abstract
Stability of electrohydrodynamic flows is essential to a variety of applications ranging from electrokinetic assays to electro-spray ionization. In this series of lecture notes, a few basic concepts of electrohydrodynamic stability are illustrated using two model problems, electrokinetic mixing flow and electrohydrodynamic cone-jet, respectively wall-bounded and free surface flow. After a review of the governing equations, spatiotemporal analysis of the two example problems is presented using linearized bulk- or surface-coupled models. The operating regimes for these flows are discussed within the framework of electrohydrodynamic stability.
Chuan-Hua Chen
Induced-Charge Electrokinetic Phenomena
Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to a certain class of nonlinear electrokinetic phenomena, where the applied electric field acts on its own induced-charge in an electrolytic solution near a polarizable surface. Many applications are discussed, such as colloidal particle dynamics (induced-charge electrophoresis) and microfluidic mixing and pumping (induced-charge electro-osmosis), while emphasizing the basic physics of each phenomenon. A Standard Model for these situations is introduced and analyzed in simple cases. Similarities and differences are noted with other electrokinetic phenomena, such as classical linear (fixed-charge) electrokinetics in electrolytes and electrohydrodynamics in leaky dielectrics.
Martin Z. Bazant
Metadaten
Titel
Electrokinetics and Electrohydrodynamics in Microsystems
herausgegeben von
Antonio Ramos
Copyright-Jahr
2011
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Electronic ISBN
978-3-7091-0900-7
Print ISBN
978-3-7091-0899-4
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0900-7

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