nach oben

Population and Environment

Erschienen in:

18.04.2017 | Perspectives

Emerging issues in urban ecology: implications for research, social justice, human health, and well-being

verfasst von: Viniece Jennings, Myron F. Floyd, Danielle Shanahan, Christopher Coutts, Alex Sinykin

Erschienen in: Population and Environment | Ausgabe 1/2017

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Urbanization affects landscape structure and the overall human condition in numerous ways. Green spaces include vegetated land cover (e.g., urban forests, trees, riparian zones, parks) which play a distinctive role in urban ecology. This article reviews emergent literature on the linkages between urban green spaces, social justice, and human health. We explore this subject in the context of landscape structure, ecosystem services, and distributional equity as it relates to various health outcomes. Finally, we conclude by identifying gaps in the scholarship and potential areas of future research.

Vorheriger Artikel The asymmetric environmental consequences of population change: an exploratory county-level study of land development in the USA, 2001-2011

Nächster Artikel In-migration, customary land tenure, and complexity: exploring the relationship between changing land tenure norms and differentiated migrant livelihoods in Brong Ahafo, Ghana

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Abercrombie, L. C., Sallis, J. F., Conway, T. L., Frank, L. D., Saelens, B. E., & Chapman, J. E. (2008). Income and racial disparities in access to public parks and private recreation facilities. Am J Prev Med, 34(1), 9–15.CrossRef

Anguelovski, I. (2015). From toxic sites to parks as (green) LULUs? New challenges of inequity, privilege, gentrification, and exclusion for urban environmental justice. Journal of Planning Literature, 0885412215610491.

Astell-Burt, T., Feng, X., Mavoa, S., Badland, H. M., & Giles-Corti, B. (2014). Do low-income neighbourhoods have the least green space? A cross-sectional study of Australia’s most populous cities. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 1.CrossRef

Benedict, M. A., & McMahon, E. T. (2006). Green infrastructure. Linking landscapes and communities, Washington-Covelo-London.

Bengston, D. N., Fletcher, J. O., & Nelson, K. C. (2004). Public policies for managing urban growth and protecting open space: policy instruments and lessons learned in the United States. Landsc Urban Plan, 69(2–3), 271–286.CrossRef

Boone, C. G., Buckley, G. L., Grove, J. M., & Sister, C. (2009). Parks and people: an environmental justice inquiry in Baltimore, Maryland. Ann Assoc Am Geogr, 99(4), 767–787. doi:10.1080/00045600903102949.CrossRef

Bruton, C., & Floyd, M. (2014). Disparities in built and natural features of urban parks: comparisons by neighborhood level race/ethnicity and income. Journal of Urban Health, 1–14. doi:10.1007/s11524-014-9893-4.

Bull, J., Jobstvogt, N., Böhnke-Henrichs, A., Mascarenhas, A., Sitas, N., Baulcomb, C., Lambini, C., Rawlins, M., Baral, H., & Zähringer, J. (2016). Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats: a SWOT analysis of the ecosystem services framework. Ecosystem Services, 17, 99–111.CrossRef

Bullard, R. (2000). Dumping in the Dixie: race, class and environmental quality. Westview Press.

CICES. (2015). Structure of CICES. Retrieved from http://cices.eu/.

CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). (2008). Healthy Places Terminology. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/terminology.htm

Clarke, L. W., Jenerette, G. D., & Davila, A. (2013). The luxury of vegetation and the legacy of tree biodiversity in Los Angeles, CA. Landsc Urban Plan, 116, 48–59.CrossRef

Cohen, D. A., Lapham, S., Evenson, K. R., Williamson, S., Golinelli, D., Ward, P., Hillier, A., & McKenzie, T. L. (2013). Use of neighbourhood parks: does socio-economic status matter? A four-city study. Public Health, 127(4), 325–332. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2013.01.003.CrossRef

Conway, T. M., Shakeel, T., & Atallah, J. (2011). Community groups and urban forestry activity: drivers of uneven canopy cover? Landsc Urban Plan, 101(4), 321–329.CrossRef

Coombes, E., Jones, A., & Hillsdon, M. (2010). The relationship of physical activity and overweight to objectivity measured green space accessibility and use. Soc Sci Med, 70(6), 816–822.CrossRef

Coutts, C. (2010). Public Health Ecology. Journal of Environmental Health, January/February 53-55.

Coutts, C. J., & Horner, M. W. (2015). Nature and death: an individual level analysis of the relationship between biophilic environments and premature mortality in Florida. Spatial Analysis in Health Geography, 295.

Crowder, K., & Downey, L. (2010). Inter-neighborhood migration, race, and environmental hazards: modeling micro-level processes of environmental inequality. AJS; American journal of sociology, 115(4), 1110.CrossRef

Cumming, G. S. (2011). Spatial resilience: integrating landscape ecology, resilience, and sustainability. Landsc Ecol, 26(7), 899–909.CrossRef

Dadvand, P., de Nazelle, A., Figueras, F., Basagaña, X., Su, J., Amoly, E., Jerrett, M., Vrijheid, M., Sunyer, J., & Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. (2012). Green space, health inequality and pregnancy. Environ Int, 40, 110–115. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2011.07.004.CrossRef

Dai, D. (2011). Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in urban green space accessibility: where to intervene? Landsc Urban Plan, 102, 234–244.CrossRef

Dallimer, M., Irvine, K. N., Skinner, A. M., Davies, Z. G., Rouquette, J. R., Maltby, L. L., Warren, P. H., Armsworth, P. R., & Gaston, K. J. (2012). Biodiversity and the feel-good factor: understanding associations between self-reported human well-being and species richness. Bioscience, 62(1), 47–55.CrossRef

De Groot, R., Fisher, B., Christie, M., Aronson, J., Braat, L., Haines-Young, R., Gowdy, J., Maltby, E., Neuville, A., & Polasky, S. (2010). Integrating the ecological and economic dimensions in biodiversity and ecosystem service valuation. The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB): Ecological and Economic Foundations: Earthscan.

Dobbs, C., Kendal, D., & Nitschke, C. R. (2014). Multiple ecosystem services and disservices of the urban forest establishing their connections with landscape structure and sociodemographics. Ecol Indic, 43, 44–55. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.02.007.CrossRef

Donovan, G. H., Butry, D. T., Michael, Y. L., Prestemon, J. P., Liebhold, A. M., Gatziolis, D., & Mao, M. Y. (2013). The relationship between trees and human health: evidence from the spread of the emerald ash borer. Am J Prev Med, 44(2), 139–145. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.09.066.CrossRef

Duncan, D., Kawachi, I., White, K., & Williams, D. R. (2012). The geography of recreational open space: influence of neighborhood racial composition and neighborhood poverty. Journal of Urban Health, October.

Duncan, D. T., Kawachi, I., Kum, S., Aldstadt, J., Piras, G., Matthews, S. A., Arbia, G., Castro, M. C., White, K., & Williams, D. R. (2014). A spatially explicit approach to the study of socio-demographic inequality in the spatial distribution of trees across boston neighborhoods. Spatial Demography 2, 1-29.

Dye, C. (2008). Health and urban living. Science, 319(5864), 766–769.CrossRef

Escobedo, F. J., Kroeger, T., & Wagner, J. E. (2011). Urban forests and pollution mitigation: analyzing ecosystem services and disservices. Environ Pollut, 159(8–9), 2078–2087. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2011.01.010.CrossRef

Flocks, J., Escobedo, F., Wade, J., Varela, S., & Wald, C. (2011). Environmental justice implications of urban tree cover in Miami-Dade County. Florida Environmental Justice, 4(2), 125–134. doi:10.1089/env.2010.0018.CrossRef

Floyd, M. F., Spengler, J. O., Maddock, J. E., Gobster, P. H., & Suau, L. (2008). Environmental and social correlates of physical activity in neighborhood parks: an observational study in Tampa and Chicago. Leis Sci, 30(4), 360–375. doi:10.1080/01490400802165156.CrossRef

Forsyth, A., Musacchio, L., & Fitzgerald, F. (2005). Designing small parks: a manual for addressing social and ecological concerns. John Wiley & Sons.

Fuller, R. A., Irvine, K. N., Devine-Wright, P., Warren, P. H., & Gaston, K. J. (2007). Psychological benefits of greenspace increase with biodiversity. Biol Lett, 3(4), 390–394.CrossRef

Giles-Corti, B., Bull, F., Knuiman, M., McCormack, G., Van Niel, K., Timperio, A., Christian, H., Foster, S., Divitini, M., & Middleton, N. (2013). The influence of urban design on neighbourhood walking following residential relocation: longitudinal results from the RESIDE study. Soc Sci Med, 77, 20–30.CrossRef

Gillner, S., Vogt, J., Tharang, A., Dettmann, S., & Roloff, A. (2015). Role of street trees in mitigating effects of heat and drought at highly sealed urban sites. Landsc Urban Plan, 143, 33–42. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.06.005.CrossRef

Gordon-Larsen, P., Nelson, M. C., Page, P., & Popkin, B. M. (2006). Inequality in the built environment underlies key health disparities in physical activity and obesity. Pediatrics, 117(2), 417–424. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-0058.CrossRef

Grimm, N. B., Faeth, S. H., Golubiewski, N. E., Redman, C. L., Wu, J. G., Bai, X. M., & Briggs, J. M. (2008). Global change and the ecology of cities. Science, 319(5864), 756–760. doi:10.1126/science.1150195.CrossRef

Guerry, A. D., Polasky, S., Lubchenco, J., Chaplin-Kramer, R., Daily, G. C., Griffin, R., Ruckelshaus, M., Bateman, I. J., Duraiappah, A., & Elmqvist, T. (2015). Natural capital and ecosystem services informing decisions: from promise to practice. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 112(24), 7348–7355.CrossRef

Haddad, N. M., Brudvig, L. A., Clobert, J., Davies, K. F., Gonzalez, A., Holt, R. D., Lovejoy, T. E., Sexton, J. O., Austin, M. P., Collins, C. D., Cook, W. M., Damschen, E. I., Ewers, R. M., Foster, B. L., Jenkins, C. N., King, A. J., Laurance, W. F., Levey, D. J., Margules, C. R., Melbourne, B. A., Nicholls, A. O., Orrock, J. L., Song, D.-X., & Townshend, J. R. (2015). Habitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth’s ecosystems. Science Advances, 1(2).

Harris, B., Larson, L., & Ogletree, S. (2017). Different views from the 606: examining the impacts of an urban greenway on crime in Chicago. Environment and Behavior, 1–30.

Harrison, P., Berry, P., Simpson, G., Haslett, J., Blicharska, M., Bucur, M., Dunford, R., Egoh, B., Garcia-Llorente, M., & Geamănă, N. (2014). Linkages between biodiversity attributes and ecosystem services: a systematic review. Ecosystem Services, 9, 191–203.CrossRef

Hartig, T., Mitchell, R., de Vries, S., & Frumkin, H. (2014). Nature and health. Annu Rev Public Health, 35(1). doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182443.

Hastings, D. W., Zahran, S., & Cable, S. (2006). Drowning in inequalities swimming and social justice. Journal of Black Studies, 36(6), 894–917.CrossRef

Heynen, N., Perkins, H. A., & Roy, P. (2006). The political ecology of uneven urban green space. Urban Aff Rev, 42(1), 3–25. doi:10.1177/1078087406290729.CrossRef

Huang, J., Lu, X. X., & Sellers, J. M. (2007). A global comparative analysis of urban form: applying spatial metrics and remote sensing. Landsc Urban Plan, 82(4), 184–197.CrossRef

Hunter, R. F., Christian, H., Veitch, J., Astell-Burt, T., Hipp, J. A., & Schipperijn, J. (2015). The impact of interventions to promote physical activity in urban green space: a systematic review and recommendations for future research. Soc Sci Med, 124, 246–256.CrossRef

Jackson, L., Daniel, J., McCorkle, B., Sears, A., & Bush, K. (2013). Linking ecosystem services and human health: the eco-health relationship browser. International Journal of Public Health, 58(5), 747–755. doi:10.1007/s00038-013-0482-1.CrossRef

James, P., Banay, R. F., Hart, J. E., & Laden, F. (2015). A review of the health benefits of greenness. Current epidemiology reports, 2(2), 131–142.CrossRef

Jarrett, R. L., Bahar, O. S., Williams, D. A., & Mcpherson, E. (2012). “The kids need a safe place to play”: caregivers’ recommendations for promoting child physical activity in an inner-city neighborhood. The International Journal of the Constructed Environment, 2(3), 233–254.CrossRef

Jarrett, R. L., Bahar, O. S., McPherson, E., & Williams, D. A. (2013). No child left inside: the built environment and caregiver strategies to promote child physical activity. J Leis Res, 45(4), 485.

Jennings, V., & Johnson Gaither, C. (2015). Approaching environmental health disparities and green spaces: an ecosystem services perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 12(2), 1952–1968.CrossRef

Jennings, V., Johnson Gaither, C., & Gragg, R. (2012). Promoting environmental justice through urban green space access: a synopsis. Environmental Justice, 5(1), 1–7.CrossRef

Jennings, V., Larson, C., & Larson, L. (2016a). Ecosystem services and preventive medicine: a natural connection. Am J Prev Med, 50(5), 642–645. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.11.001.CrossRef

Jennings, V., Larson, L., & Yun, J. (2016b). Advancing sustainability through urban green space: cultural ecosystem services, equity, and social determinants of health. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 13(2), 196.CrossRef

Jennings, V., Yun, J., & Larson, L. (2016c). Finding common ground: environmental ethics, social justice, and a sustainable path for nature-based health promotion. Healthcare, 4(3), 61.CrossRef

Jesdale, B. M., Morello-Frosch, R., & Cushing, L. (2013). The racial/ethnic distribution of heat risk-related land cover in relation to residential segregation. Environ Health Perspect, 121(7), 811–817.CrossRef

Johnson Gaither, C. (2015). Smokestacks, parkland, and community composition examining environmental burdens and benefits in Hall County, Georgia, USA. Environ Behav, 47(10), 1127–1146.CrossRef

Kabisch, N. (2015). Ecosystem service implementation and governance challenges in urban green space planning—the case of Berlin, Germany. Land Use Policy, 42, 557–567. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.09.005.CrossRef

Kardan, O., Gozdyra, P., Misic, B., Moola, F., Palmer, L. J., Paus, T., & Berman, M. G. (2015). Neighborhood greenspace and health in a large urban center. Scientific Reports, 5.

Kondo, M. C., Low, S. C., Henning, J., & Branas, C. C. (2015a). The impact of green stormwater infrastructure installation on surrounding health and safety. Am J Public Health, 105(3), e114–e121.CrossRef

Kondo, M. C., South, E. C., & Branas, C. C. (2015b). Nature-based strategies for improving urban health and safety. Journal of Urban Health, 1–15. doi:10.1007/s11524-015-9983-y.

Kondo, M. C., Han, S. H., Donovan, G. H., & MacDonald, J. M. (2017). The association between urban trees and crime: evidence from the spread of the emerald ash borer in Cincinnati. Landsc Urban Plan, 157, 193–199.CrossRef

Kuo, M. (2015). How might contact with nature promote human health? Promising mechanisms and a possible central pathway. Frontiers in Psychology, 6.

Kuo, F. E., & Sullivan, W. C. (2001). Environment and crime in the inner city. Environ Behav, 33(3), 343–367. doi:10.1177/0013916501333002.

Lachowycz, K., & Jones, A. (2013). Towards a better understanding of the relationship between greenspace and health: development of a theoretical framework. Landsc Urban Plan, 118, 62–69.CrossRef

Landry, S. M., & Chakraborty, J. (2009). Street trees and equity: evaluating the spatial distribution of an urban amenity. Environment and Planning A, 41(11), 2651–2670.CrossRef

Larson, L., Jennings, V., & Cloutier, S. A. (2016a). Public parks and wellbeing in urban areas of the United States. PLoS One, 11(4), e0153211.CrossRef

Larson, L., Keith, S., Fernandez, M., Hallo, J. C., Shafer, C. S., & Jennings, V. (2016b). Ecosystem services and urban greenways: what's the public's perspective? Ecosystem Services, 22, Part A, 111–116. doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.10.004.CrossRef

Li, X., Zhang, C., Li, W., Kuzovkina, Y. A., & Weiner, D. (2015). Who lives in greener neighborhoods? The distribution of street greenery and its association with residents’ socioeconomic conditions in Hartford, Connecticut, USA. Urban For Urban Green, 14(4), 751–759. doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2015.07.006.CrossRef

Locke, D. H., Han, S. H., Kondo, M. C., Murphy-Dunning, C., & Cox, M. (2017). Did community greening reduce crime? Evidence from New Haven, CT, 1996–2007. Landsc Urban Plan, 161, 72–79.CrossRef

Lovasi, G. S., O'Neil-Dunne, J., Lu, J. W. T., Sheehan, D., Perzanowski, M. S., MacFaden, S., King, K., Matte, T., Miller, R., Hoepner, L., Perera, F., & Rundle, A. (2013). Urban tree canopy and asthma, wheeze, rhinitis, and allergic sensitization to tree pollen in a New York City birth cohort. Environ Health Perspect, 121(4), 494–500.

McConnachie, M., Shackleton, C. M., & McGregor, G. K. (2008). The extent of public green space and alien plant species in 10 small towns of the Sub-Tropical Thicket Biome, South Africa. Urban For Urban Green, 7(1), 1–13.CrossRef

McDonnell, M. J., & MacGregor-Fors, I. (2016). The ecological future of cities. Science, 352(6288), 936–938.CrossRef

MEA. (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: current state and trends. Retrieved from

Mellilo, J., & Sala, O. (2008). Ecosystem services. In E. Chivian & A. Bernstein (Eds.), Sustaining life: how human health depends on biodiversity (pp. 75–115). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Mitchell, R., & Popham, F. (2008). Effect of exposure to natural environment on health inequalities: an observational population study. Lancet, 372(9650), 1655–1660.CrossRef

Mitchell, R. J., Richardson, E. A., Shortt, N. K., & Pearce, J. R. (2015). Neighborhood environments and socioeconomic inequalities in mental well-being. American Journal of Preventive Medicine.

Myers, S., Gaffikin, L., Golden, C., Ostfeld, R., Redford, K., Ricketts, T., Turner, W., & Osofsky, S. (2013). Human health impacts of ecosystem alteration. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 110(47), 18753–18760.CrossRef

National Park Service Health and Wellness Executive Steering Committee (2011). Healthy Parks Healthy People US Strategic Action Plan. Retrieved from: https://www.nps.gov/public_health/hp/hphp/press/1012-955-WASO.pdf

Oyebode, O., Pape, U. J., Laverty, A. A., Lee, J. T., Bhan, N., & Millett, C. (2015). Rural, urban and migrant differences in non-communicable disease risk-factors in middle income countries: a cross-sectional study of WHO-SAGE Data.

Pataki, D. E., Carreiro, M. M., Cherrier, J., Grulke, N., Jennings, V., Pincetl, S., Pouyat, R. V., Whitlow, T. H., & Zipperer, W. C. (2011). Coupling biogeochemical cycles in urban environments: ecosystem services, green solutions, and misconceptions. Front Ecol Environ, 9(1), 27–36. doi:10.1890/090220.CrossRef

Payne-Sturges, D., & Gee, G. C. (2006). National environmental health measures for minority and low-income populations: tracking social disparities in environmental health. Environ Res, 102(2), 154–171.CrossRef

Perrings, C., Naeem, S., Ahrestani, F., Bunker, D. E., Burkill, P., Canziani, G., Elmqvist, T., Ferrati, R., Fuhrman, J., & Jaksic, F. (2010). Ecosystem services for 2020. Science(Washington), 330(6002), 323–324.CrossRef

Pham, T.-T.-H., Apparicio, P., Séguin, A.-M., Landry, S., & Gagnon, M. (2012). Spatial distribution of vegetation in Montreal: an uneven distribution or environmental inequity? Landsc Urban Plan, 107(3), 214–224. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.06.002.CrossRef

Pickett, S., Cadenasso, M., Grove, J. M., Boone, C. G., Groffman, P. M., Irwin, E., Kaushal, S. S., Marshall, V., McGrath, B. P., & Nilon, C. H. (2011). Urban ecological systems: scientific foundations and a decade of progress. J Environ Manag, 92(3), 331–362.CrossRef

Quiroga, L., Fischer, S., & Schweigmann, N. (2013). Immature mosquitoes associated with urban parklands: implications for water and mosquito management. J Am Mosq Control Assoc, 29(1), 27–32.CrossRef

Richardson, E. A., Mitchell, R., Hartig, T., de Vries, S., Astell-Burt, T., & Frumkin, H. (2012). Green cities and health: a question of scale? J Epidemiol Community Health. doi:10.1136/jech.2011.137240.

Roe, J., Thompson, C., Aspinall, P., Brewer, M., Duff, E., Miller, D., Mitchell, R., & Clow, A. (2013). Green space and stress: evidence from cortisol measures in deprived urban communities. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 10(9), 4086–4103.CrossRef

Secretariat of the Convention of Biological Diversity. (2012). Cities and biodiversity: action and policy. Retrieved from Montreal, Canada: https://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbo-booklet-2012-en.pdf.

Schwarz, K., Fragkias, M., Boone, C. G., Zhou, W., McHale, M., Grove, J. M., O’Neil-Dunne, J., McFadden, J. P., Buckley, G. L., & Childers, D. (2015). Trees grow on money: urban tree canopy cover and environmental justice. PLoS One, 10(4).

Scopelliti, M., Carrus, G., Adinolfi, C., Suarez, G., Colangelo, G., Lafortezza, R., Panno, A., & Sanesi, G. (2016). Staying in touch with nature and well-being in different income groups: the experience of urban parks in Bogotá. Landsc Urban Plan, 148, 139–148. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.002.CrossRef

Shanahan, D., Lin, B., Gaston, K., Bush, R., & Fuller, R. (2015a). What is the role of trees and remnant vegetation in attracting people to urban parks? Landsc Ecol, 30(1), 153–165.CrossRef

Shanahan, D. F., Lin, B. B., Bush, R., Gaston, K. J., Dean, J. H., Barber, E., & Fuller, R. A. (2015b). Toward improved public health outcomes from urban nature. Am J Public Health, 105(3), 470–477.CrossRef

Smiley, K. T., Sharma, T., Steinberg, A., Hodges-Copple, S., Jacobson, E., & Matveeva, L. (2016). More inclusive parks planning: park quality and preferences for park access and amenities. Environmental Justice, 9(1), 1–7.CrossRef

South, E. C., Kondo, M. C., Cheney, R. A., & Branas, C. C. (2015). Neighborhood blight, stress, and health: a walking trial of urban greening and ambulatory heart rate. Am J Public Health, 105(5), 909–913. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302526.CrossRef

Taha, H., Douglas, S., & Haney, J. (1997). Mesoscale meteorological and air quality impacts of increased urban albedo and vegetation. Energy and Buildings, 25(2), 169–177.CrossRef

Tanner, C. J., Adler, F. R., Grimm, N. B., Groffman, P. M., Levin, S. A., Munshi-South, J., Pataki, D. E., Pavao-Zuckerman, M., & Wilson, W. G. (2014). Urban ecology: advancing science and society. Front Ecol Environ, 12(10), 574–581.CrossRef

Taylor, W. C., Floyd, M. F., Whitt-Glover, M., & Brooks, J. (2007). Environmental justice: a framework for collaboration between the public health and parks and recreation fields to study disparities in physical activity. Journal of Physical Acitivity and Health, 4(1), S50–S63.CrossRef

TEEB. (2008). Ecosystem services. Retrieved from http://www.teebweb.org/resources/ecosystem-services/

Tooke, T. R., Klinkenber, B., & Coops, N. C. (2010). A geographical approach to identifying vegetation-related environmental equity in Canadian cities. Environment and planning B, Planning & design, 37(6), 1040.CrossRef

Troy, A. R., Grove, J. M., O’Neil-Dunne, J. P., Pickett, S. T., & Cadenasso, M. L. (2007). Predicting opportunities for greening and patterns of vegetation on private urban lands. Environ Manag, 40(3), 394–412.CrossRef

Troy, A., Grove, J. M., & O’Neil-Dunne, J. (2012). The relationship between tree canopy and crime rates across an urban–rural gradient in the greater Baltimore region. Landsc Urban Plan, 106(3), 262–270.CrossRef

Tsai, W.-L., Floyd, M. F., Leung, Y.-F., McHale, M. R., & Reich, B. J. (2015). Urban vegetative cover fragmentation in the U.S. Am J Prev Med. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.09.022.

Turner, M. G., Donato, D. C., & Romme, W. H. (2013). Consequences of spatial heterogeneity for ecosystem services in changing forest landscapes: priorities for future research. Landsc Ecol, 28(6), 1081–1097.CrossRef

Tzoulas, K., Korpela, K., Venn, S., Yli-Pelkonen, V., Kazmierczak, A., Niemela, J., & James, P. (2007). Promoting ecosystem and human health in urban areas using green infrastructure: a literature review. Landsc Urban Plan, 81(3), 167–178.CrossRef

United Kingdom Department of Health. (2010). Healthy lives, healthy people: our strategy for public health in England (Vol. 7985): The Stationery Office.

United Nations (2014). World urbanization prospects: the 2014 revision, highlights. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division, United Nations.

van Heezik, Y., Freeman, C., Porter, S., & Dickinson, K. J. (2013). Garden size, householder knowledge, and socio-economic status influence plant and bird diversity at the scale of individual gardens. Ecosystems, 16(8), 1442–1454.CrossRef

Vision. (2015). Our cities need more plants and trees—the risks. Retrieved from http://202020vision.com.au/the-issues/climate-environment/risk/

Ward Thompson, C., Aspinall, P., Roe, J., Robertson, L., & Miller, D. (2016). Mitigating stress and supporting health in deprived urban communities: the importance of green space and the social environment. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 13(4), 440.CrossRef

Watkins, S. L., Mincey, S. K., Vogt, J., & Sweeney, S. P. (2016). Is planting equitable? An examination of the spatial distribution of nonprofit urban tree-planting programs by canopy cover, income, race, and ethnicity. Environment and Behavior, 1–31.

Wen, M., Zhang, X., Harris, C. D., Holt, J. B., & Croft, J. B. (2013). Spatial disparities in the distribution of parks and green spaces in the USA. Ann Behav Med, 45(1), 18–27.CrossRef

West, S. T., Shores, K. A., & Mudd, L. M. (2012). Association of available parkland, physical activity, and overweight in America's largest cities. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 18(5), 423–430.CrossRef

Wheeler, B. W., Lovell, R., Higgins, S. L., White, M. P., Alcock, I., Osborne, N. J., Husk, K., Sabel, C. E., & Depledge, M. H. (2015). Beyond greenspace: an ecological study of population general health and indicators of natural environment type and quality. Int J Health Geogr, 14(1), 17.CrossRef

WHO. (2005). Ecosystems and human well being-health synthesis. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/globalchange/ecosystems/ecosys.pdf.

Wilson, J. S., Clay, M., Martin, E., Stuckey, D., & Vedder-Risch, K. (2003). Evaluating environmental influences of zoning in urban ecosystems with remote sensing. Remote Sens Environ, 86(3), 303–321.CrossRef

Wolch, J., Byrne, J., & Newell, J. (2014). Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: the challenge of making cities ‘just green enough’. Landsc Urban Plan, 125, 234–244. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.017.CrossRef

Wolf, K. L., & Housley, E. (2013). Feeling stressed? Take a time out in nature. Retrieved from Annapolis, MD.

Wolf, K. L., & Robbins, A. S. (2015). Metro nature, environmental health, and economic value. Environ Health Perspect, 123(5), 390–398.

Wright, H. (2011). Understanding green infrastructure: the development of a contested concept in England. Local Environ, 16(10), 1003–1019.CrossRef

Wright Wendel, H. E., Downs, J. A., & Mihelcic, J. R. (2011). Assessing equitable access to urban green space: the role of engineered water infrastructure. Environmental Science & Technology, 45(16), 6728–6734. doi:10.1021/es103949f.CrossRef

Wu, J. (2013). Landscape sustainability science: ecosystem services and human well-being in changing landscapes. Landsc Ecol, 28(6), 999–1023. doi:10.1007/s10980-013-9894-9.CrossRef

Zhou, X., & Kim, J. (2013). Social disparities in tree canopy and park accessibility: a case study of six cities in Illinois using GIS and remote sensing. Urban For Urban Green, 12(1), 88–97.CrossRef

Titel: Emerging issues in urban ecology: implications for research, social justice, human health, and well-being
verfasst von: Viniece Jennings
Myron F. Floyd
Danielle Shanahan
Christopher Coutts
Alex Sinykin
Publikationsdatum: 18.04.2017
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Population and Environment / Ausgabe 1/2017
Print ISSN: 0199-0039
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7810
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11111-017-0276-0

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2017

The safety net function of NTFPs in different agro-ecological zones of South Africa

Investigating important interactions between water and food security for child health in Burkina Faso

In-migration, customary land tenure, and complexity: exploring the relationship between changing land tenure norms and differentiated migrant livelihoods in Brong Ahafo, Ghana

Household air pollution as a silent killer: women’s status and solid fuel use in developing nations

The asymmetric environmental consequences of population change: an exploratory county-level study of land development in the USA, 2001-2011