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2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Emerging Strategies to Prevent Islamic Radicalisation in Europe: Evidence from Italy

verfasst von : Federico Benolli, Ciro Sbailò, Giulia Rapicetta

Erschienen in: International Security Management

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Following the terrorist attacks of 9/11 in the US and other attacks in the EU, academic interest in drivers of radicalisation and in preventive-defence policies has significantly increased. The literature offers several explanations and solutions, however further empirical research is still needed. This chapter is divided into three parts: the first part investigates original research studies related to Islamic radicalisation and terrorism. Studies included in the first part of the chapter are original quantitative and qualitative primary research published in peer-reviewed journals. In the second part, the authors focus on the main European strategies aimed at dealing with Islamic radicalisation and terrorism. In particular, innovative strategies of Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) are highlighted with multiple examples from the European Union. In the last part of the chapter, we focus on the Italian case, which is experimenting with an innovative approach fostering cooperation among the State, local authorities and intermediate bodies (e.g. volunteering associations, religious communities and cultural organisations).

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Fußnoten
1
France alone brought 1200 fighters to ISIS, 30% of whom are female. Although we often focus on male fighters, we should not underestimate the role of female ISIS supporters who left Western countries to join ISIS. For example, in the Netherlands more than 50 Dutch women have travelled to Iraq and Syria and an estimated 20 children have been born to them there. In the UK, 56 women and girls have been estimated to have joined ISIS and from Germany 700 Germans went to Iraq and Syria, of which 38% are women (Brzuszkiewicz 2018).
 
3
The creation of specialised communication units ensures professionalism in the communication effort; see, for example, the activities of the Research Information and Communications Unit (RICU) created by the British government.
 
4
The Italian strategy primarily focuses on informal agreements promoted by the national government, the regions and/or municipalities with Islamic communities. Examples of national agreements are: (1) Consulta per l’Islam italiano, promoted by Minister Giuseppe Pisanu (2005); (2) Patto nazionale per un islam italiano, promoted by Minister Marco Minniti (2017); (3) other round tables at regional and municipal level; (4) a constant inter-religious dialogue, supported by the Catholic and the Protestant churches; (5) the Memorandum of Understanding between the DAP (Ente di Assistenza per il Personale dell'Amministrazione Penitenziaria) and the UCOII (Unione delle Comunità e Organizzazioni Islamiche in Italia) signed to foster religious assistance in prisons and hospitals.
 
5
Law No. 7 of 9 January 2006 about provisions concerning the prevention and prohibition of female genital mutilation practices.
 
6
On 12 December 1969 in Milan (Italy) a bomb exploded, thus destroying the National Bank of Agriculture and causing 17 casualties and 88 injured. This triggered a season of massacres, kidnapping and red herrings that went down in history as ‘the Years of Lead’ (in Italian: Anni di Piombo). Radical left-wing militants and radical right-wing militants were core protagonists of this period. Sometimes these two groups killed each other for opposite political views but the main reasons for turmoil were respectively the willingness to destroy capitalism and build a communist society or to bring back the fascism regime.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Emerging Strategies to Prevent Islamic Radicalisation in Europe: Evidence from Italy
verfasst von
Federico Benolli
Ciro Sbailò
Giulia Rapicetta
Copyright-Jahr
2021
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42523-4_14

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