Background
Materials and methods
Materials
Methods
Step 1: Continuous wavelet transform with Mexican hat wavelet function
Step 2: Sleep spindles identification with a sliding window
Step 3: Enhancement with the envelope of the rectified signal
A suggested assessment method for evaluating the detection method
Results and discussion
Methods | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 | S7 | S8 | Mean |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | 6.59 | 2.68 | 6.12 | 2.90 | 15.49 | 20.75 | 22.22 | 6.25 | 10.38 |
A2 | 68.26 | 56.25 | 71.43 | 52.17 | 60.56 |
67.92
| 77.78 | 75.00 | 66.17 |
A3 | 69.46 | 58.04 | 67.35 | 65.22 | 51.41 | 50.31 | 88.89 | 83.33 | 66.75 |
A4 |
76.65
|
64.29
|
75.51
|
75.36
|
71.83
|
67.92
|
94.44
|
95.83
|
77.73
|
SWPE | 45.51 | 46.43 | 67.35 | 46.38 | 46.48 | 48.43 | 61.11 | 56.25 | 52.24 |
SWPE-E | 44.15 | 45.54 | 65.30 | 45.25 | 45.85 | 47.01 | 60.23 | 54.48 | 50.98 |
Mean | 51.77 | 45.54 | 58.84 | 47.88 | 48.60 | 50.39 | 67.45 | 61.86 | 54.04 |
Methods | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 | S7 | S8 | Mean |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 |
99.82
|
99.88
|
99.89
| 99.42 | 99.16 |
99.39
| 98.88 |
99.32
|
99.47
|
A2 | 87.32 | 81.16 | 88.35 | 87.00 | 92.46 | 92.93 | 80.64 | 82.76 | 86.58 |
A3 | 95.04 | 93.84 | 94.75 | 87.98 | 95.66 | 97.62 | 94.16 | 79.57 | 92.33 |
A4 | 80.07 | 77.61 | 78.81 | 70.36 | 81.48 | 87.14 | 76.60 | 58.68 | 76.34 |
SWPE | 98.01 | 98.52 | 99.09 | 97.75 | 98.49 | 98.72 | 98.21 | 96.58 | 98.17 |
SWPE-E | 99.50 | 99.52 | 99.54 |
98.52
|
99.21
| 98.94 |
99.24
| 97.57 | 99.01 |
Mean | 93.29 | 91.76 | 93.41 | 90.17 | 94.41 | 95.79 | 91.29 | 85.75 | 91.98 |
Methods | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 | S7 | S8 | Mean |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | 21.43 | 40.00 | 40.00 | 83.33 | 38.89 | 23.26 | 83.33 | 80.00 | 51.28 |
A2 | 64.49 | 83.46 | 85.36 | 86.21 | 59.24 | 51.79 | 96.10 | 89.35 | 77.00 |
A3 | 41.12 | 61.54 | 73.60 | 82.21 | 49.66 | 32.77 | 86.67 | 89.95 | 64.69 |
A4 | 71.74 | 84.00 | 90.93 | 90.80 | 75.06 | 66.14 | 96.08 | 94.03 | 83.60 |
SWPE | 19.15 | 32.47 | 32.65 | 54.93 | 27.47 | 21.43 | 74.42 | 68.97 | 41.44 |
SWPE-E |
12.23
|
20.56
|
20.45
|
41.52
|
18.44
|
16.25
|
60.25
|
54.25
|
30.49
|
Mean | 38.36 | 53.67 | 57.17 | 73.17 | 44.79 | 35.27 | 82.81 | 79.43 | 58.08 |
Methods | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 | S7 | S8 | Mean |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | 78.57 | 60.00 | 60.00 | 16.67 | 61.11 | 76.74 | 16.67 | 20.00 | 48.72 |
A2 | 35.51 | 16.54 | 14.64 | 13.79 | 40.76 | 48.21 | 3.90 | 10.65 | 23.00 |
A3 | 58.88 | 38.46 | 26.40 | 17.79 | 50.34 | 67.23 | 13.33 | 10.05 | 35.31 |
A4 | 28.26 | 16.00 | 9.07 | 9.20 | 24.94 | 33.86 | 3.92 | 5.97 | 16.40 |
SWPE | 80.85 | 67.53 | 67.35 | 45.07 | 72.53 | 78.57 | 25.58 | 31.03 | 58.56 |
SWPE-E |
87.77
|
79.44
|
79.55
|
58.48
|
81.56
|
83.75
|
39.75
|
45.75
|
69.51
|
Mean | 61.64 | 46.33 | 42.84 | 26.83 | 55.21 | 64.73 | 17.19 | 20.58 | 41.92 |
A1 | 12.16 | 5.13 | 11.11 | 4.94 | 24.72 | 32.67 | 19.05 | 9.52 | 17.11 |
A2 | 46.72 | 25.56 | 24.30 | 21.81 | 48.73 | 56.39 | 7.43 | 18.65 | 34.14 |
A3 |
63.73
| 46.26 | 37.93 | 27.95 | 50.87 | 57.55 | 23.18 | 17.94 | 46.19 |
A4 | 41.29 | 25.62 | 16.19 | 16.40 | 37.02 | 45.19 | 7.53 | 11.24 | 27.09 |
SWPE | 58.24 | 55.03 | 67.35 | 45.72 | 56.65 | 59.92 | 36.06 | 40.00 | 55.22 |
SWPE-E | 58.75 |
57.89
|
71.72
|
51.02
|
58.70
|
60.22
|
47.89
|
49.73
|
58.82
|
Mean | 56.28 | 45.93 | 49.58 | 34.39 | 51.69 | 56.67 | 27.40 | 30.88 | 47.21 |