Introduction
Background and justification
Materials and methods
Description of study area
Geographical location of Birki watershed
Research methodology
Basic concepts of WetSpass model
Model description
Water balance calculation using WetSpass model
WetSpass model data inputs preparation and their sources
ID | Input parameter | Sources | Processing resolution |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Soil texture | Map based on soil sample analysis | 30 × 30 M |
2 | DEM (topography and slope) | Glovis.usgs.gov & own process | 30 × 30 M |
3 | Land use land cover (summer & winter) | Glovis.usgs.gov & own process | 30 × 30 M |
4 | Temperature (summer & winter) | NMA & own-processing | 30 × 30 M |
5 | Precipitation (summer & winter) | NMA & own-processing | 30 × 30 M |
6 | PET (summer & winter) | NMA & own-processing | 30 × 30 M |
7 | Wind speed (summer & winter) | NMA & own-processing | 30 × 30 M |
8 | Groundwater depth (summer & winter) | Regional water resources | 30 × 30 M |
9 | Soil parameter lookup table | WetSpass user guide & literature review | |
10 | Runoff coefficient lookup table | WetSpass user guide & literature review | |
11 | Land use parameters (summer & winter) lookup table | WetSpass user guide & literature review |
Id | Stations | Latitude (°) | Longitude (°) | Altitude(m) | Pre_Win (mm) | Pre_Sum (mm) | Temp_Win (°C) | Temp_Sum (°C) | WS_Win (m/s) | WS_Sum (m/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Atsebi | 13.9 | 39.7 | 2659 | 122.7 | 478.1 | 13.86 | 15.86 | 2.14 | 2.34 |
2 | Mekelle | 13.5 | 39.5 | 2004 | 95.4 | 466.4 | 19.19 | 20.47 | 1.58 | 0.80 |
3 | Senkata | 14.1 | 39.6 | 2487 | 125.4 | 397.0 | 17.27 | 17.70 | 2.11 | 1.59 |
4 | Wukro | 13.8 | 39.6 | 2020 | 61.69 | 500.6 | 19.30 | 20.50 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Id | Stations | Latitude (°) | Longitude (°) | Altitude (m) | PET_Win (mm) | PET_Sum (mm) | Mean_ppt (mm) | Averg_Temp (°C) | Annual_PET (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Atsebi | 13.9 | 39.7 | 2659.0 | 943.1 | 507.6 | 600.8 | 14.53 | 1450.7 |
2 | Mekelle | 13.5 | 39.5 | 2004.0 | 1092.1 | 463.5 | 561.8 | 19.18 | 1555.6 |
3 | Senkata | 14.1 | 39.6 | 2487.0 | 1143.1 | 492.3 | 522.4 | 18.10 | 1635.4 |
4 | Wukro | 13.8 | 39.6 | 2020.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 562.3 | 19.66 | 0.0 |
Biophysical input data and hydro-meteorological grid maps preparation
Parameter tables preparation/lookup tables
Number | LUSE_TYPE | RUNOFF_VEG | NUM_VEG_RO | NUM_IMP_RO | VEG_AREA | BARE_AREA | IMP_AREA | OPENW_AREA | ROOT_DEPTH | LAI | MIN_STOM | INTERC_PER | VEG_HEIGHT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | Build up land | Grass | 2.0 | 2.0 | 0.50 | 0.0 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.30 | 2.0 | 100.0 | 10.0 | 0.12 |
7 | Bare land | Bare soil | 4.0 | 0.0 | 0.20 | 0.70 | 0.100 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.0 | 110.0 | 1.0 | 0.0010 |
21 | Cultivated land | Crop | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.00 | 0.35 | 2.0 | 180.0 | 20.0 | 0.6 |
36 | Shrub land | Grass | 2.0 | 0.0 | 0.20 | 0.80 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.60 | 0.0 | 110.0 | 30.0 | 2.0 |
52 | Water body | Open water | 5.0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.05 | 0.0 | 110.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Num | Luse_Type | Runoff_Veg | Num_Veg_Ro | Num_Imp_Ro | Veg_Area | Bare_Area | Imp_Area | Openw_Area | Root_Depth | Lai | Min-Storm | Inter_per | Veg_Height |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
52 | Water body | Open water | 5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.05 | 0.0 | 110 | 0 | 0.00 |
7 | Bare land | Bare soil | 4 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 110 | 27 | 0.00 |
2 | Built up land | Grass | 2 | 2 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.30 | 2.0 | 100 | 10 | 0.12 |
36 | Shrub land | Grass | 2 | 0 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.60 | 0.0 | 110 | 5 | 2.00 |
21 | Cultivated land | Crop | 1 | 0 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.35 | 0.0 | 180 | 0 | 0.60 |
Num | Soil | Field_Capa | Wilting_PNT | Paw | Resid_WC | A1 | Evapo_dept | Tension_HH | P_Frac_Su | P_Frac_ wi |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6 | Silt | 0.3 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.04 | 0.35 | 0.05 | 0.61 | 0.09 | 0.01 |
12 | Clay | 0.5 | 0.33 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.21 | 0.05 | 0.37 | 0.95 | 0.85 |
1 | Sand | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.51 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.01 |
Materials and softwares used
No. | Software’s and materials | Functions/used for |
---|---|---|
1 | GPS-Garmin-60 | GCP data, outlet and soil sample data collection |
2 | ArcGIS software 10.3 | Grid data preparation, spatial data analysis, interpolation of point data and interpretation of the simulated results |
3 | Erdas imagine | Layer stacking, LULC classification, and accuracy assessment |
4 | Arc hydro-tools | Dem hydro-processing, flow direction, flow accumulation, streams network, watershed delineation |
5 | Arc view 3.2 and WetSpass extensions | Running the WetSpass model |
6 | Cropwat-8 | Evapotranspiration estimation |
7 | Google earth | Ground truth collection and feature identification, and to take GCP for inaccessible areas |
8 | XLS to DBF converter software | To prepare to lookup parameter tables of soil texture, land use land cover, runoff coefficient in DBF format |
9 | Ms-Office-2010 | Reporting and presentation of results |