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2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. Ethos and Mechanisms

verfasst von : Farhang Rajaee

Erschienen in: Presence and the Political

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Ethos constitutes the second pillar of performing human and civility because individuality makes sense only among other human beings. For that, they need some societal mental habits, rules of the game, or a set of “social self-understanding,” in the words of Charles Taylor (Modern Social Imaginaries. Duke University Press, Durham, p. 69, 2004). “Ethos,” the author’s preferred notion, sets the boundaries and it regulates and normalizes one’s interaction with oneself and with others. This chapter focuses on analyzing the features of ethos. The triumviri that the author claims to capture the effective functioning of those features include covering temporal scope (past, present, and future), paying attention to human spheres (economy, society, and polity), social realms (private, collective, and public), having a proper approach (inclusive, meritocratic, and isonomic), focusing on the right end (integrity, achievement, and flourishing), utilizing exact mechanisms (participation, due process, and dialogue), and promoting freedom in all its form (negative, affirmative, and assertive).

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Vorheriges Kapitel Presence and Personhood

Nächstes Kapitel Theater, Structures, and Institutions

“Interaction” differs from doing things together, producing worldly values to satisfy needs and wants, even producing great works of science, art, and human progress. Interaction generates mutual empowerment and possibilities for human fulfillment and “self-actualization,” to utilize American psychologist Abraham Maslow’s overworked notion.

Note that the notion of “other” refers to someone other than the self in two senses. One is the other whom I choose to associate with, and I do so because there exists a personal mutual interest. Here, the other means the fellow inner member in a group that I have special attachment. Then, there is “the other” with whom I may not share mutual interests, and yet I cannot ignore them because we live in the same community, or even more broadly, we are both members of the human race. Here, we have the common good between us.

Note this passage: “Transcendence refers to the very highest and most inclusive or holistic levels of human consciousness, behaving and relating, as ends rather than means, to oneself, to significant others, to human beings in general, to other species, to nature, and to the cosmos” (Maslow 1971: 269).

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Titel: Ethos and Mechanisms
verfasst von: Farhang Rajaee
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Presence and the Political
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-59486-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-59487-9

Copyright-Jahr: 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59487-9_3