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Erschienen in:
2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel
Examples of Cost Effective Practices for Landslide Monitoring for Early Warning in Developing Countries of Asia
verfasst von : R. M. S. Bandara, Rajinder K. Bhasin, Oddvar Kjekstad, N. M. S. I. Arambepola
Erschienen in: Landslide Science and Practice
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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Abstract
In recent times landslides and mass movements have become widespread events, posing great problems and serious challenges to development process especially in mountainous areas of developing nations in Asia. They have increased both in frequency and intensity and have assumed catastrophic and disastrous proportions in number of countries such as China, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, causing extensive damage to life and property. Mass movements occur as a result of heavy precipitation or as a secondary hazard triggered by geological events such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions etc. In addition to its triggering factors, increase in landslide occurrence has been associated with a combination of factors and several attributes such as geological, topographic, morpho-metric, climatic and anthropogenesis nature that directly or indirectly contribute to the phenomena of slope instability.
A review of available literature emphasizes the role of landslide monitoring as an important controlling factor if the observation of initiation of slope failures can be introduced as a preparedness measure. Landslides are often triggered in areas with past landslide history and monitoring of landslides using community based approaches is considered as an effective measure for limiting the damages from landslides. In most areas development activities seems to be responsible for reactivation of dormant landslides. Hence communities living in areas with landslide history should be warned in time through constant monitoring and early warning of potential reactivation. In addition, slow moving slides on hill slopes need constant monitoring as many of developing countries in Asia cannot afford to undertake mitigation measures or to resettle people to safer areas after identification of the potential threat.
Realizing the importance of recording sound and cost effective practices of landslide monitoring for early warning, the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) in collaboration with the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Norway is implementing a “Regional Programme (RECLAIM)” for documenting and sharing good practices for early warning of landslides with the participation of mandated national institutions for landslide related activities from Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. The Programme receives financial assistance from the government of Norway. This paper presents some of the examples of landslide monitoring initiatives from Sri Lanka implemented by the project partner National Building Research Organization (NBRO).