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2023 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Existential Risks in Peace and Conflict Studies

verfasst von: Noah B. Taylor

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This book explores the topic of peace and the long-term survival of the human species. Drawing on Existential Risk Studies (ERS), the book lays out a theoretical framework for drawing new perspectives and approaches for looking toward the future and addressing existential risks related to the complexity and dynamics of conflict. Looking at five research lines in Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS); (1) Great Powers Conflict, (2) Peace, Pandemic, and Conflict, (3) Climate, Peace, and Conflict, (4) Emerging Technologies, Peace, and Conflict and (5) Totalitarianism, the chapters discuss how these lines are defined and discussed, how they are understood in ERS, and what approaches would be beneficial to adapt and integrate into PCS. By drawing on ERS and grounding the discussion in lines of research that will be important to the field of PCS, this book suggests that long-term perspectives are needed in the field, especially in regard to existential risk and their implications of conflict.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
In this introductory chapter, the author surfaces his motivation for writing this book. The spirit of this book concerns the possible end of humankind, the role that we may all play in determining it, and what that means in the present. The focus of this book is an exploration of the links between peace and the long-term survival of the human species.
Noah B. Taylor
Chapter 2. Foundations
Abstract
This chapter describes the emergence of Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) and Existential Risk Studies (ERS). This chapter traces both of these fields through their overlapping history and the influence of critical historical events such as the experiences of World Wars I and II, the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the development of nuclear weapons, and the subsequent antinuclear movements. The state of the art is then discussed in PCS and ERS.
Noah B. Taylor
Chapter 3. At the Intersection of PCS and ERS
Abstract
This chapter examines the intersections between Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) and Existential Risk Studies (ERS). Through these intersections, the commonalities between PCS and ERS are surfaced and discussed. The role of normative perspectives and the context of operating in environments of scarcity are discussed in both fields. This chapter then examines how prioritization is conceptualized in PCS and ERS. The influence of different conceptions of time is explored in both fields. This chapter concludes with a discussion of three essential questions: Why is human extinction negative? Can there be peace without humans? What is the purpose of peace?
Noah B. Taylor
Chapter 4. Great Powers ConflictGreat Powers Conflict
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the possible threats a Great Power Conflict may have as an existential risk. The chapter begins by discussing the dynamics of Great Power Conflicts and why they could threaten peace and long-term human survival. The scale, scope, and severity of such a conflict are discussed, with particular attention given to the role of nuclear weapons in elevating such a conflict that could threaten human existence. The chapter then examines what is known in Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) about the escalation and de-escalation of Great Power Conflicts and what approaches to prevention and mitigation could be possible. The chapter then concludes with a discussion of critical questions for the future of researching Great Power Conflicts as a possible extinction risk and what options humanity may have for addressing this risk.
Noah B. Taylor
Chapter 5. Peace, Pandemics, and Conflict
Abstract
This chapter explores the nexus between peace, pandemics, and conflict. It begins by discussing the role that disease has had in shaping human history. The risk of a natural pandemic becoming an extinction-level threat to humanity is then assessed. Pandemics’ effects on making conflict more likely are identified as an under-researched area. Peacebuilding opportunities alongside pandemic preparedness and response are discussed. The chapter then concludes with a discussion of critical questions for future research on the relationships between peace, pandemics, and conflict.
Noah B. Taylor
Chapter 6. Climate Change Peace and Conflict
Abstract
This chapter explores climate change as a risk with the potential to both threaten human well-being and exacerbate conflicts. The overall risk potential of climate change is discussed, and the likelihood of it becoming an extinction threat to humanity is considered. The relationships between climate change and conflict are explored, with attention to their effects on resources and migration. Current methods for addressing climate change, such as emission reduction measures, are discussed alongside possible future approaches of geoengineering, including surface albedo modification and sulfate aerosol injection. The chapter then concludes with a discussion of critical questions for future research on climate change, peace, and conflict.
Noah B. Taylor
Chapter 7. Emerging Technologies, Risk, Peace, and Conflict
Abstract
This chapter begins with a discussion of the term emerging technologies, what criteria define it, and how it may pose concerns for existential risk and peace and conflict. The weaponization of technology and the role new technologies can play as a driver of conflict or peace is considered. Three emerging technologies are discussed in detail through three subchapters: artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and nanotechnology. Each of these technologies is briefly defined, and the different pathways and likelihood that it could pose an existential risk to humanity are considered. Options for peacebuilding with each technology are then discussed. Each subsection concludes with a discussion of critical questions for future research related to risk, peace, and the specific emerging technology.
Noah B. Taylor
Chapter 8. Totalitarianism Risk and Peace
Abstract
This chapter considers how totalitarianism might become an existential threat to humanity in two different ways: by contributing to another risk, such as a Great Power Conflict, or by increasing vulnerability to other risks, such as climate change. Additionally, the possibility of a “lock-in” of a specific set of values through a totalitarian government is also considered a contributor to the overall level of existential risk. The possible future use of emerging technologies in propaganda and surveillance is considered a factor likely to increase the risks posed by totalitarianism. Then tensions are discussed between the need for coordinated global responses to threats to humanity and the possibility that the same structures could enable totalitarian regimes. The chapter concludes with a discussion of critical questions for future research on totalitarianism, peace, and conflict.
Noah B. Taylor
Chapter 9. Conclusion
Abstract
This concluding chapter recapitalizes the central lines of argumentation presented in this book, namely that thinking and working for humanity’s long-term survival is interwoven with transforming conflict and building peace. The book’s key topics—the possibility of global war, the climate crisis, pandemics, emerging technologies, and the rise of proto-totalitarian politics—call for a vision of a “big peace” conception of peace interwoven with survival.
Noah B. Taylor
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Existential Risks in Peace and Conflict Studies
verfasst von
Noah B. Taylor
Copyright-Jahr
2023
Electronic ISBN
978-3-031-24315-8
Print ISBN
978-3-031-24314-1
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24315-8

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