J-LS and JS were in charge of the whole trial; WC wrote the manuscript; YL, Y-KS and LH assisted with sampling and laboratory analyses. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Jing Sun, born in 1974, is currently an associate professor at Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education and Collaborative Innovation Center of Major Machine Manufacturing in Liaoning, Dalian University of Technology, China. She received her PhD degree from Dalian University of Technology, China, in 2009. Her research interests include non-traditional machining.
Wei Cheng, born in 1993, is currently a master candidate at Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education and Collaborative Innovation Center of Major Machine Manufacturing in Liaoning, Dalian University of Technology, China.
Jin-Long Song, born in 1987, is currently an associate professor at Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education and Collaborative Innovation Center of Major Machine Manufacturing in Liaoning, Dalian University of Technology, China. He received his PhD degree under Prof. Wenji Xu from Dalian University of Technology, China. During his PhD, he studied in Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA for 1 year as a joint PhD student under the supervision of Prof. Constantine M. Megaridis. After obtained PhD degree, he worked at Center of Smart Interfaces, TU Darmstadt as an Alexander von Humboldt (AvH) Fellow under the supervision of Prof. Steffen Hardt. His research interests involve non-traditional machining, micro electrochemical machining, surface engineering, and wettability.
Yao Lu, born in 1986, is currently a postdoctor at Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, UK. He received his PhD degree from University College London, UK, in 2017.
Yan-Kui Sun, born in 1990, is currently a PhD candidate at Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, China.
Liu Huang, born in 1990, is currently a master candidate at Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, China.
Xin Liu, born in 1981, is currently an associate professor at Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education. His main research interests include non-traditional machining and surface modification by atmosphere pressure plasma.
Zhu-Ji Jin, born in 1967, is currently a professor and a PhD candidate supervisor of Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, China. His main research interests include non-traditional machining and ultraprecision machining technology.
Claire J. Carmalt, born in 1967, is currently a professor, a PhD candidate supervisor and the Head of Department of Chemistry, University College London, UK. Her main research interests include inorganic chemistry, materials chemistry and organometallic chemistry.
Ivan P. Parkin, born in 1972, is currently a professor and a PhD candidate supervisor at Department of Chemistry, University College London, UK. His main research interests include materials chemistry, inorganic chemistry.