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Social Indicators Research

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15.02.2020 | Original Research

Factors Explaining Life Expectancy at Age 65: A Panel Data Approach Applied to European Union Countries

verfasst von: Ana Poças, Elias Soukiazis, Micaela Antunes

Erschienen in: Social Indicators Research | Ausgabe 1/2020

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Abstract

The aim of this paper is to explain the determinants of longevity in 20 European Union countries for which comparable data are available for the period 1990–2016. We use a health equation to explain life expectancy at age 65 for total population considering socioeconomic factors, population structure, health resources, lifestyles and environment as the main determinants of health status. Panel estimation techniques are implemented to estimate the health equation with lagged explanatory variables to attenuate the endogeneity problems of regressors. Our evidence shows that per capita income, education and pharmaceutical expenditures positively affect life expectancy at the age of 65. As expected, risky lifestyles and air pollution have a significant negative impact on health. The interaction between population age structure and pharmaceutical expenditures proves also to be important for explaining longevity. Our evidence reinforces the idea that investing in education and health care provision is the way to achieve healthier longevity allowing a more active participation of the elderly in society.

Vorheriger Artikel Gone with the Crisis? Welfare State Change in Europe Before and Since the 2008 Crisis

Nächster Artikel Towards Conceptualization of a Household Educational Indicator: Incorporating Externalities

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For the explanation of the variables, their description and corresponding data sources see Table 6 in the “Appendix”.

Since we have cross-section and time-series data the most appropriate manner to estimate the health Eq. (1) is using panel data estimation techniques. In this way we have gains in information (within groups and between groups) and in estimation efficiency due to a large size sample, ensuring the asymptotic properties of the estimates.

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This parameter is given by \(\theta = 1 - \sqrt {\frac{{\sigma_{\varepsilon }^{2} }}{{\left( {T\sigma_{u}^{2} + \sigma_{\varepsilon }^{2} } \right)}}}\) with 0 < θ < 1.

Regression results referred to cases (1) and (2) can be provided upon request.

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Titel: Factors Explaining Life Expectancy at Age 65: A Panel Data Approach Applied to European Union Countries
verfasst von: Ana Poças
Elias Soukiazis
Micaela Antunes
Publikationsdatum: 15.02.2020
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Social Indicators Research / Ausgabe 1/2020
Print ISSN: 0303-8300
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-0921
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02290-2

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