Features of the Arctic Seas of Russia and Their Ecosystems

The role of the Arctic Ocean and its seas in the formation of the climate of the World Ocean and the climate of the Earth is extremely important. They operate as a refrigerator of the oceanic heat machine and an energy source for the Arctic atmosphere. Being located at the interface between the climatic zones of the permafrost and of the all-the-year-round heating, the ASR represent one of the most nonequilibrium dynamical systems. In this system, scenarios of the adjacent sea areas are alternately implemented and, in addition, one can observe phenomena peculiar to transient processes only.