3. Framework

Member of the European Parliament.

Doorknock: intensive meetings of government officials or Members of Parliament by firms’ representatives concentrated on a specific and short period of time.

Political marketing has developed to a discipline by itself with journals such as the Journal of Political Marketing, which aims “to be the leading scholarly journal examining the latest developments in the application of marketing methods to politics,” university courses, academic literature, and so on. According to the site www.​political-marketing.​org (The University of Auckland), political marketing is “a fundamental part of political life. Presidents and prime ministers; politicians and parties; government departments and councils all use marketing in their pursuit of political goals. Market research is used, when deciding on policies and service design, to understand what the people they serve and seek votes from want and need; voter profiling helps create new segments to target; strategy guides creation of the political brand to develop an attractive vision; internal marketing guides the provision of volunteer involvement; analytics and experimental research test and refine communication messages; and delivery management sets expectations and helps to convey progress once a politician is elected or a programme has begun.”

However, “wining and dining” are organized on an individual, man-to-man basis rather than a collective event.