Skip to main content

2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

23. FSO for High Capacity Optical Metro and Access Networks

verfasst von : Antonio Teixeira, Ali Shahpari, Vitor Ribeiro, Ricardo Ferreira, Artur Sousa, Somayeh Ziaie, Jacklyn Reis, Giorgia Parca, Silvia Dibartolo, Vincenzo Attanasio, Stefano Penna, Giorgio Maria Tosi Beleffi

Erschienen in: Optical Wireless Communications

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Free-space optic (FSO) with optical metro and access networks should couple very efficiently since they work in the same wavelengths with a transparent link. Moreover, coherent detection with advanced modulation formats can fully utilize the bandwidth and increase the transmission capacity of FSO links. This chapter considers several optical wireless systems used in metro and access networks. Advanced modulation formats and Nyquist pulse-shaping technology are discussed for future implementations of optical access networks. A fully ultra broadband optical wireless link in a building to building scenario is demonstrated. Moreover, an innovative bi-directional ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (UDWDM-PON) based on advanced modulation formats and Nyquist pulse shaping in a hybrid fibre plus FSO is experimentally demonstrated.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Bell, A.G.: Selenium and the photophone. Nature 22(569), 500–503 (1880) Bell, A.G.: Selenium and the photophone. Nature 22(569), 500–503 (1880)
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Schawlow, A.L., Townes, C.H.: Infrared and optical masers. Phys. Rev. 112(6), 1940–1949 (1958)CrossRef Schawlow, A.L., Townes, C.H.: Infrared and optical masers. Phys. Rev. 112(6), 1940–1949 (1958)CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Gould, G.: The LASER, Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The Ann Arbor Conference on Optical Pumping: The University of Michigan (1959) Gould, G.: The LASER, Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The Ann Arbor Conference on Optical Pumping: The University of Michigan (1959)
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Karp, S., O’Neill, E.L., Gagliardi, R.M.: Communication theory for the free-space optical channel. Proc. IEEE 58(10), 1611–1626 (1970)CrossRef Karp, S., O’Neill, E.L., Gagliardi, R.M.: Communication theory for the free-space optical channel. Proc. IEEE 58(10), 1611–1626 (1970)CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Sluss, J.J.: An introduction to integrated optics for computing. Computer 20(12), 9–23 (1987)CrossRef Sluss, J.J.: An introduction to integrated optics for computing. Computer 20(12), 9–23 (1987)CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Lentine, A.L., Miller, D.A.B., Henry, J.E., Cunningham, J.E., Chirovsky, L.M.F.: Symmetric self-electrooptic effect device: optical set-reset latch. Appl. Phys. Lett. 52, 1419–1421 (1988)CrossRef Lentine, A.L., Miller, D.A.B., Henry, J.E., Cunningham, J.E., Chirovsky, L.M.F.: Symmetric self-electrooptic effect device: optical set-reset latch. Appl. Phys. Lett. 52, 1419–1421 (1988)CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Prise, M.E., Streibl, N., Downs, M.M.: Optical considerations in the design of digital optical computers. Opt. Quant. Electron. Springer 20(1), 49–77 (1988)CrossRef Prise, M.E., Streibl, N., Downs, M.M.: Optical considerations in the design of digital optical computers. Opt. Quant. Electron. Springer 20(1), 49–77 (1988)CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin, T.H., Malarcher, F., Sampsell, J.B.: Optical Signal Free-Space Conversion Board. United States Patent Office (1994) Lin, T.H., Malarcher, F., Sampsell, J.B.: Optical Signal Free-Space Conversion Board. United States Patent Office (1994)
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Gabriel, T. P.: Orientation System. United States Patent Office, Feb (1945) Gabriel, T. P.: Orientation System. United States Patent Office, Feb (1945)
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim, I.I., Eric, J.K.: Availability of free-space optics (FSO) and hybrid FSO/RF systems. In: ITCom 2001: International Symposium on the Convergence of IT and Communications. International Society for Optics and Photonics (2001) Kim, I.I., Eric, J.K.: Availability of free-space optics (FSO) and hybrid FSO/RF systems. In: ITCom 2001: International Symposium on the Convergence of IT and Communications. International Society for Optics and Photonics (2001)
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Willebrand, H.A., Ghuman, B.S.: Fiber optics without fiber. Spectrum IEEE 38(8), 40–45 (2001)CrossRef Willebrand, H.A., Ghuman, B.S.: Fiber optics without fiber. Spectrum IEEE 38(8), 40–45 (2001)CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Parca, G., Shahpari, A., Carrozzo, V., Beleffi, G.M.T., Teixeira, A.L.: Optical wireless transmission at 1.6-Tbit/s (16 × 100 Gbit/s) for next-generation convergent urban infrastructures. Opt. Eng. 52(11), 116102 (2013)CrossRef Parca, G., Shahpari, A., Carrozzo, V., Beleffi, G.M.T., Teixeira, A.L.: Optical wireless transmission at 1.6-Tbit/s (16 × 100 Gbit/s) for next-generation convergent urban infrastructures. Opt. Eng. 52(11), 116102 (2013)CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Kedar, D., Arnon, S.: Urban optical wireless communication networks: the main challenges and possible solutions. IEEE Commun. Mag. 42(5), S2–S7 (2004)CrossRef Kedar, D., Arnon, S.: Urban optical wireless communication networks: the main challenges and possible solutions. IEEE Commun. Mag. 42(5), S2–S7 (2004)CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Haas, S.M., Shapiro, Jeffrey H.: Capacity of wireless optical communications. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 21(8), 1346–1357 (2003)CrossRef Haas, S.M., Shapiro, Jeffrey H.: Capacity of wireless optical communications. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 21(8), 1346–1357 (2003)CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Shahpari, A., Abdalla, A., Ferreira, R., Parca, G., Reis, J.D., Lima, M., Teixeira, A.: Ultra-high-capacity passive optical network systems with free-space optical communications. Fiber Integr. Opt. 33(3), 149–162 (2014)CrossRef Shahpari, A., Abdalla, A., Ferreira, R., Parca, G., Reis, J.D., Lima, M., Teixeira, A.: Ultra-high-capacity passive optical network systems with free-space optical communications. Fiber Integr. Opt. 33(3), 149–162 (2014)CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Shahpari, A., Luís, R.S., Ribeiro, V., Reis, J.D., Ferreira, R., Mendinueta, J., Vujicic, Z., Puttnam, B.J., Lima, M., Wada, N., Teixiera, A.: Spectrally efficient enhanced-performance bidirectional coherent PON with laserless 10 Gb/s ONU [Invited]. IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7(3), A403–A413 (2015)CrossRef Shahpari, A., Luís, R.S., Ribeiro, V., Reis, J.D., Ferreira, R., Mendinueta, J., Vujicic, Z., Puttnam, B.J., Lima, M., Wada, N., Teixiera, A.: Spectrally efficient enhanced-performance bidirectional coherent PON with laserless 10 Gb/s ONU [Invited]. IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7(3), A403–A413 (2015)CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Shahpari, A., Ferreira, R., Ribeiro, V., Vujicic, Z., Tavares, A., Ziaie, S., Sousa, A., Guiomar, F.P., Lima, M., Pinto, A.N., Teixeira, A.L.: Free space optics hybrid PTMP advanced modulation bidirectional PON. Eur. Conf. Opt. Commun. 21–25 (2014) Shahpari, A., Ferreira, R., Ribeiro, V., Vujicic, Z., Tavares, A., Ziaie, S., Sousa, A., Guiomar, F.P., Lima, M., Pinto, A.N., Teixeira, A.L.: Free space optics hybrid PTMP advanced modulation bidirectional PON. Eur. Conf. Opt. Commun. 21–25 (2014)
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Shahpari, A., Ferreira, R., Sousa, A., Ribeiro, V., Reis, J.D., Lima, M., Teixeira, A.: Optimization criteria for coherent PONs with video overlay and hybrid ODN. Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf. (OFC, paper Th3I.2) (2015) Shahpari, A., Ferreira, R., Sousa, A., Ribeiro, V., Reis, J.D., Lima, M., Teixeira, A.: Optimization criteria for coherent PONs with video overlay and hybrid ODN. Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf. (OFC, paper Th3I.2) (2015)
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Cvijetic, N.: Terabit optical access networks based on WDMOFDMA-PON. J. Lightwave Technol. 30(4), 493–503 (2012)CrossRef Cvijetic, N.: Terabit optical access networks based on WDMOFDMA-PON. J. Lightwave Technol. 30(4), 493–503 (2012)CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Chow, C.-W., Yeh, C.-H., Wang, C.-H., Shih, F.-Y., Pan, C.-L., Chi, S.: WDM extended reach passive optical networks using OFDMQAM. Opt. Express 16(16), 12096–12101 (2008)CrossRef Chow, C.-W., Yeh, C.-H., Wang, C.-H., Shih, F.-Y., Pan, C.-L., Chi, S.: WDM extended reach passive optical networks using OFDMQAM. Opt. Express 16(16), 12096–12101 (2008)CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Reis, J.D., Shahpari, A., Ferreira, R., Ziaie, S., Neves, D.M., Lima, M., Teixeira, A.L.: Terabit + (192x10 Gb/s) nyquist shaped UDWDM coherent PON With upstream and downstream over a 12.8 nm band. J. Lightwave Technol. 32(4), 729–735 (2014)CrossRef Reis, J.D., Shahpari, A., Ferreira, R., Ziaie, S., Neves, D.M., Lima, M., Teixeira, A.L.: Terabit + (192x10 Gb/s) nyquist shaped UDWDM coherent PON With upstream and downstream over a 12.8 nm band. J. Lightwave Technol. 32(4), 729–735 (2014)CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Lavery, D., Behrens, C., Savory, S.J.: A comparison of modulation formats for passive optical networks. Opt. Express 19(26), B836–B841 (2011)CrossRef Lavery, D., Behrens, C., Savory, S.J.: A comparison of modulation formats for passive optical networks. Opt. Express 19(26), B836–B841 (2011)CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Reis, J.D., Shahpari, A., Ferreira, R., Neves, D.M., Lima, M., Teixeira, A.: Performance optimization of nyquist signaling for spectrally efficient optical access networks [invited]. IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7(2), A200–A208 (2015)CrossRef Reis, J.D., Shahpari, A., Ferreira, R., Neves, D.M., Lima, M., Teixeira, A.: Performance optimization of nyquist signaling for spectrally efficient optical access networks [invited]. IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7(2), A200–A208 (2015)CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Luis, R.S., Shahpari, A., Reis, J.D., Ferreira, R., Vujicic, Z., Puttnam, B.J., Mendinueta, J.M., Lima, M., Nakamura, M., Kamio, Y., Wada, N., Teixeira, A.: Ultra high capacity self-homodyne PON with simplified ONU and burst-mode upstream. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 26(7), 686–689 (2014)CrossRef Luis, R.S., Shahpari, A., Reis, J.D., Ferreira, R., Vujicic, Z., Puttnam, B.J., Mendinueta, J.M., Lima, M., Nakamura, M., Kamio, Y., Wada, N., Teixeira, A.: Ultra high capacity self-homodyne PON with simplified ONU and burst-mode upstream. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 26(7), 686–689 (2014)CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Djordjevic, I.B., Vasic, B., Neifeld, M.A.: LDPC-coded OFDM for optical communication systems with direct detection. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(5), 1446–1454 (2007)CrossRef Djordjevic, I.B., Vasic, B., Neifeld, M.A.: LDPC-coded OFDM for optical communication systems with direct detection. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(5), 1446–1454 (2007)CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Tang, X., Ghassemlooy, Z., Rajbhandari, S., Popoola, W.O., Lee, C.G.: Coherent heterodyne multilevel polarization shift keying with spatial diversity in a free-space optical turbulence channel. J. Lightwave Technol. 30(16), 2689–2695 (2012)CrossRef Tang, X., Ghassemlooy, Z., Rajbhandari, S., Popoola, W.O., Lee, C.G.: Coherent heterodyne multilevel polarization shift keying with spatial diversity in a free-space optical turbulence channel. J. Lightwave Technol. 30(16), 2689–2695 (2012)CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Niu, M., Holzman, J.F., Cheng, J.: Terrestrial coherent free-space optical communication systems. INTECH Open Access Publisher (2012) Niu, M., Holzman, J.F., Cheng, J.: Terrestrial coherent free-space optical communication systems. INTECH Open Access Publisher (2012)
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Vu, B.T., Dang, N.T., Thang, T.C., Pham, A.T.: Bit error rate analysis of rectangular QAM/FSO systems using an APD receiver over atmospheric turbulence channels. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 5(5), 437–446 (2013)CrossRef Vu, B.T., Dang, N.T., Thang, T.C., Pham, A.T.: Bit error rate analysis of rectangular QAM/FSO systems using an APD receiver over atmospheric turbulence channels. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 5(5), 437–446 (2013)CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Rohde, H., Gottwald, E., Teixeira, A., Reis, J.D., Shahpari, A., Pulverer, K., Wey, J.S.: Coherent ultra dense WDM technology for next generation optical metro and access networks. J. Lightwave Technol. 32(10), 2041–2052 (2014)CrossRef Rohde, H., Gottwald, E., Teixeira, A., Reis, J.D., Shahpari, A., Pulverer, K., Wey, J.S.: Coherent ultra dense WDM technology for next generation optical metro and access networks. J. Lightwave Technol. 32(10), 2041–2052 (2014)CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Miniscalco, W.J., Lane, S.A.: Optical space-time division multiple access. J. Lightwave Technol. 30(11), 1771–1785 (2012)CrossRef Miniscalco, W.J., Lane, S.A.: Optical space-time division multiple access. J. Lightwave Technol. 30(11), 1771–1785 (2012)CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, S., Watson, S., McKendry, J.J.D., Massoubre, D., Cogman, A., Gu, E., Henderson, R.K., Kelly, A.E., Dawson, M.D.: 1.5 Gbit/s multi- channel visible light communications using CMOS-controlled GaN based LEDs. J. Lightwave Technol. 31(8), 1211–1216 (2013)CrossRef Zhang, S., Watson, S., McKendry, J.J.D., Massoubre, D., Cogman, A., Gu, E., Henderson, R.K., Kelly, A.E., Dawson, M.D.: 1.5 Gbit/s multi- channel visible light communications using CMOS-controlled GaN based LEDs. J. Lightwave Technol. 31(8), 1211–1216 (2013)CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Khalighi, M.A., Uysal, M.: Survey on free space optical communication: a communication theory perspective. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials 16(4), 2231–2258 (2014)CrossRef Khalighi, M.A., Uysal, M.: Survey on free space optical communication: a communication theory perspective. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials 16(4), 2231–2258 (2014)CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Jeong, M.C., Lee, J.S., Kim, S.Y., Lee, J.H., Cho, M.Y., Huh, S.W., Lee, J.S.: 8 × 10 Gb/s terrestrial optical free space transmission over 3.4 km using an optical repeater. Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf. 405–407 (2002) Jeong, M.C., Lee, J.S., Kim, S.Y., Lee, J.H., Cho, M.Y., Huh, S.W., Lee, J.S.: 8 × 10 Gb/s terrestrial optical free space transmission over 3.4 km using an optical repeater. Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf. 405–407 (2002)
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Jeong, M.C., Lee, J.S., Kim, S.Y., Namgung, S.W., Lee, J.H., Cho, M.Y., Huh, S.W., Ahn, Y.S., Cho, J.W., Lee, J.S.: 8 × 10-Gbit/s terrestrial optical free-space transmission over 3.4 km using an optical repeater. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 15(1), 171–173 (2003)CrossRef Jeong, M.C., Lee, J.S., Kim, S.Y., Namgung, S.W., Lee, J.H., Cho, M.Y., Huh, S.W., Ahn, Y.S., Cho, J.W., Lee, J.S.: 8 × 10-Gbit/s terrestrial optical free-space transmission over 3.4 km using an optical repeater. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 15(1), 171–173 (2003)CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Montgomery, J.D.: Free-space optics seen as viable alternative to cable. Lightwave (Analyst Corner), 43–44 (2004) Montgomery, J.D.: Free-space optics seen as viable alternative to cable. Lightwave (Analyst Corner), 43–44 (2004)
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Rodewald, D.: MRV Introduces Industry’s First 10G Ethernet Wireless Point-To-Point System. MRV Communications, Inc (2008) Rodewald, D.: MRV Introduces Industry’s First 10G Ethernet Wireless Point-To-Point System. MRV Communications, Inc (2008)
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Fiorani, M., Tombaz, S., Monti, P., Casoni, M., Wosinska, L.: Green backhauling for rural areas. Int. Conf. Opt. Netw. Design Model. 114–119 (2014) Fiorani, M., Tombaz, S., Monti, P., Casoni, M., Wosinska, L.: Green backhauling for rural areas. Int. Conf. Opt. Netw. Design Model. 114–119 (2014)
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Koonen, T.: Fiber to the home/fiber to the premises: what, where, and when? Proc. IEEE 94(5), 911–934 (2006)CrossRef Koonen, T.: Fiber to the home/fiber to the premises: what, where, and when? Proc. IEEE 94(5), 911–934 (2006)CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee, C.H., Sorin, W.V., Kim, B.Y.: Fiber to the home using a PON infrastructure. J. Lightwave Technol. 24(12), 4568–4583 (2006)CrossRef Lee, C.H., Sorin, W.V., Kim, B.Y.: Fiber to the home using a PON infrastructure. J. Lightwave Technol. 24(12), 4568–4583 (2006)CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Banerjee, A.A., Park, Y., Clarke, F., Song, H., Yang, S., Kramer, G., Kim, K., Mukherjee, B.: Wavelength-division multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) technologies for broadband access: a review. J. Opt. Netw. 4(11), 737–758 (2005)CrossRef Banerjee, A.A., Park, Y., Clarke, F., Song, H., Yang, S., Kramer, G., Kim, K., Mukherjee, B.: Wavelength-division multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) technologies for broadband access: a review. J. Opt. Netw. 4(11), 737–758 (2005)CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Hui, R., Zhu, B., Huang, R., Allen, C.T., Demarest, K., Richards, D.: Subcarrier multiplexing for high-speed optical transmission. J. Lightwave Technol. 20(3), 417–427 (2002)CrossRef Hui, R., Zhu, B., Huang, R., Allen, C.T., Demarest, K., Richards, D.: Subcarrier multiplexing for high-speed optical transmission. J. Lightwave Technol. 20(3), 417–427 (2002)CrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Kamijoh, T., Kashima, M., Tamai, H., Sarashina, M., Iwamura, H., Gupta, G.C.: CDM-technologies for next generation optical access networks. Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf. 1, 3 (2009) Kamijoh, T., Kashima, M., Tamai, H., Sarashina, M., Iwamura, H., Gupta, G.C.: CDM-technologies for next generation optical access networks. Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf. 1, 3 (2009)
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Silva, J.A.L., Coura, D.J.C., Barbero, A.P.L., Segatto, M.E.V.: A passive optical network based on centralized wavelength and bandwidth scalable OFDM signals. Int. Conf. Trans. Opt. Netw. (2009) Silva, J.A.L., Coura, D.J.C., Barbero, A.P.L., Segatto, M.E.V.: A passive optical network based on centralized wavelength and bandwidth scalable OFDM signals. Int. Conf. Trans. Opt. Netw. (2009)
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Sarashina, M., Tamai, H., Furusawa, S., Suzuki, A., Kashima, M., Mukojima, T., Kaneko, S., Yoshida, T., Kimura, S., Yoshimoto, N.: (2014) First demonstration of a wavelength swept discovery process for λ tunable WDM/TDM-PON system. Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf. 1, 3 (2014) Sarashina, M., Tamai, H., Furusawa, S., Suzuki, A., Kashima, M., Mukojima, T., Kaneko, S., Yoshida, T., Kimura, S., Yoshimoto, N.: (2014) First demonstration of a wavelength swept discovery process for λ tunable WDM/TDM-PON system. Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf. 1, 3 (2014)
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Xu, Z., Cheng, X., Yeo, Y.K., Zhou L., Shao X, Zhang, H.: 1.24-Tb/s hybrid SCM/WDM passive optical networks. Eur. Conf. Opt. Commun. (2011) Xu, Z., Cheng, X., Yeo, Y.K., Zhou L., Shao X, Zhang, H.: 1.24-Tb/s hybrid SCM/WDM passive optical networks. Eur. Conf. Opt. Commun. (2011)
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Donaldson, G., Jones, D.: Cable television broadband network architectures. IEEE Commun. Mag. 39(6), 122–126 (2001)CrossRef Donaldson, G., Jones, D.: Cable television broadband network architectures. IEEE Commun. Mag. 39(6), 122–126 (2001)CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Mohammad, A.B., Shaddad, R.Q., Al-Gailani, S.A.: Enabling optical and wireless broadband access technologies. In: 2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on, Photonics (ICP), pp. 135–139. Oct 2012 Mohammad, A.B., Shaddad, R.Q., Al-Gailani, S.A.: Enabling optical and wireless broadband access technologies. In: 2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on, Photonics (ICP), pp. 135–139. Oct 2012
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Shaddad, R.Q., Mohammad, A.B.: Performance assessment of a 2 Gb/s hybrid optical-wireless access network. In: 2010 International Conference on, Photonics (ICP), pp. 1–5. 5–7 July 2010 Shaddad, R.Q., Mohammad, A.B.: Performance assessment of a 2 Gb/s hybrid optical-wireless access network. In: 2010 International Conference on, Photonics (ICP), pp. 1–5. 5–7 July 2010
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Zheng, Z., Wang, J., Wang, J.: A study of network throughput gain in optical-wireless (FiWi) networks subject to peer-to-peer communications. In: IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 1–6. June 2009 Zheng, Z., Wang, J., Wang, J.: A study of network throughput gain in optical-wireless (FiWi) networks subject to peer-to-peer communications. In: IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 1–6. June 2009
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Shaddad, R.Q., Mohammad, A.B., Al-Gailani, S.A., Aon, E.F.: Scalability analysis of hybrid optical wireless access network (HOWAN). IEEE 10th International Colloquium on Signal Processing & its Applications (CSPA), pp. 48–52, March 2014 Shaddad, R.Q., Mohammad, A.B., Al-Gailani, S.A., Aon, E.F.: Scalability analysis of hybrid optical wireless access network (HOWAN). IEEE 10th International Colloquium on Signal Processing & its Applications (CSPA), pp. 48–52, March 2014
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Shaw, W.-T.: Hybrid architecture and integrated routing in a scalable optical wireless access network. J. Lightwave Technol. 25(11), 3443–3451 (2007)CrossRef Shaw, W.-T.: Hybrid architecture and integrated routing in a scalable optical wireless access network. J. Lightwave Technol. 25(11), 3443–3451 (2007)CrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Chowdhury, R.; Shami, A., Almustafa, K.: Designing of next generation hybrid optical-wireless access network. In: 14th International Conference on Innovations for Community Services, pp. 9–15. June 2014 Chowdhury, R.; Shami, A., Almustafa, K.: Designing of next generation hybrid optical-wireless access network. In: 14th International Conference on Innovations for Community Services, pp. 9–15. June 2014
Metadaten
Titel
FSO for High Capacity Optical Metro and Access Networks
verfasst von
Antonio Teixeira
Ali Shahpari
Vitor Ribeiro
Ricardo Ferreira
Artur Sousa
Somayeh Ziaie
Jacklyn Reis
Giorgia Parca
Silvia Dibartolo
Vincenzo Attanasio
Stefano Penna
Giorgio Maria Tosi Beleffi
Copyright-Jahr
2016
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30201-0_23

Neuer Inhalt