Skip to main content

2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

GazeGIS: A Gaze-Based Reading and Dynamic Geographic Information System

verfasst von : Laura G. Tateosian, Michelle Glatz, Makiko Shukunobe, Pankaj Chopra

Erschienen in: Eye Tracking and Visualization

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Location is an important component of a narrative. Mapped place names provide vital geographical, economic, historical, political, and cultural context for the text. Online sources such as news articles, travel logs, and blogs frequently refer to geographic locations, but often these are not mapped. When a map is provided, the reader is still responsible for matching references in the text with map positions. As they read a place name within the text, readers must locate its map position, then find their place again in the text to resume reading, and repeat this for each toponym. We propose a gaze-based reading and dynamic geographic information system (GazeGIS) which uses eye tracking and geoparsing to enable a more cohesive reading experience by dynamically mapping locations just as they are encountered within the text. We developed a prototype GazeGIS application and demonstrated its application to several narrative passages. We conducted a study in which participants read text passages using the system and evaluated their experience. We also explored an application for intelligence analysis and discuss how experts in this domain envision its use. Layman and intelligence expert evaluations indicate a positive reception for this new reading paradigm. This could change the way we read online news and e-books, the way school children study political science and geography, the way officers study military history, the way intelligence analysts consume reports, and the way we plan our next vacation.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Abascal-Mena, R., Lopez-Ornelas, E., Zepeda, J.S.: Geographic information retrieval and visualization of online unstructured documents. Int. J. Comput. Inf. Syst. Ind. Manag. Appl. 5, 089–097 (2012) Abascal-Mena, R., Lopez-Ornelas, E., Zepeda, J.S.: Geographic information retrieval and visualization of online unstructured documents. Int. J. Comput. Inf. Syst. Ind. Manag. Appl. 5, 089–097 (2012)
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Abel, R.R., Kulhavy, R.W.: Maps, mode of text presentation, and childrens prose learning. Am. Educ. Res. J. 23 (2), 263–274 (1986)CrossRef Abel, R.R., Kulhavy, R.W.: Maps, mode of text presentation, and childrens prose learning. Am. Educ. Res. J. 23 (2), 263–274 (1986)CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Bektas, K., öltekin, A.C., Krüger, J., Duchowski, A.T.: A testbed combining visual perception models for geographic gaze contingent displays. In: Eurographics Conference on Visualization (EuroVis)-Short Papers (2015) Bektas, K., öltekin, A.C., Krüger, J., Duchowski, A.T.: A testbed combining visual perception models for geographic gaze contingent displays. In: Eurographics Conference on Visualization (EuroVis)-Short Papers (2015)
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Berico Technologies: Open source software for geotagging unstructured big data – CLAVIN. All Things Open (2013) Berico Technologies: Open source software for geotagging unstructured big data – CLAVIN. All Things Open (2013)
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Biedert, R., Buscher, G., Dengel, A.: The eyebook–using eye tracking to enhance the reading experience. Informatik-Spektrum 33 (3), 272–281 (2010)CrossRef Biedert, R., Buscher, G., Dengel, A.: The eyebook–using eye tracking to enhance the reading experience. Informatik-Spektrum 33 (3), 272–281 (2010)CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Biedert, R., Buscher, G., Schwarz, S., Hees, J., Dengel, A.: Text 2.0. In: CHI’10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 4003–4008. ACM (2010) Biedert, R., Buscher, G., Schwarz, S., Hees, J., Dengel, A.: Text 2.0. In: CHI’10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 4003–4008. ACM (2010)
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Biedert, R., Hees, J., Dengel, A., Buscher, G.: A robust realtime reading-skimming classifier. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, pp. 123–130. ACM (2012) Biedert, R., Hees, J., Dengel, A., Buscher, G.: A robust realtime reading-skimming classifier. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, pp. 123–130. ACM (2012)
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Bolt, R.A.: A gaze-responsive self-disclosing display. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 3–10. ACM (1990) Bolt, R.A.: A gaze-responsive self-disclosing display. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 3–10. ACM (1990)
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Borkin, M.A., Bylinskii, Z., Kim, N.W., Bainbridge, C.M., Yeh, C.S., Borkin, D., Pfister, H., Oliva, A.: Beyond memorability: visualization recognition and recall. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 22 (1), 519–528 (2016)CrossRef Borkin, M.A., Bylinskii, Z., Kim, N.W., Bainbridge, C.M., Yeh, C.S., Borkin, D., Pfister, H., Oliva, A.: Beyond memorability: visualization recognition and recall. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 22 (1), 519–528 (2016)CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Brychtova, A., Coltekin, A.: An empirical user study for measuring the influence of colour distance and font size in map reading using eye tracking. Cartogr. J. 53(3):202–212 (2016)CrossRef Brychtova, A., Coltekin, A.: An empirical user study for measuring the influence of colour distance and font size in map reading using eye tracking. Cartogr. J. 53(3):202–212 (2016)CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Burch, M., Konevtsova, N., Heinrich, J., Hoeferlin, M., Weiskopf, D.: Evaluation of traditional, orthogonal, and radial tree diagrams by an eye tracking study. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 17 (12), 2440–2448 (2011)CrossRef Burch, M., Konevtsova, N., Heinrich, J., Hoeferlin, M., Weiskopf, D.: Evaluation of traditional, orthogonal, and radial tree diagrams by an eye tracking study. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 17 (12), 2440–2448 (2011)CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Çöltekin, A., Fabrikant, S.I., Lacayo, M.: Exploring the efficiency of users’ visual analytics strategies based on sequence analysis of eye movement recordings. Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. 24 (10), 1559–1575 (2010)CrossRef Çöltekin, A., Fabrikant, S.I., Lacayo, M.: Exploring the efficiency of users’ visual analytics strategies based on sequence analysis of eye movement recordings. Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. 24 (10), 1559–1575 (2010)CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Detweiler, D.M., Reisch, D.: Gettysburg: The Story of the Battle with Maps. Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg (2013) Detweiler, D.M., Reisch, D.: Gettysburg: The Story of the Battle with Maps. Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg (2013)
14.
Zurück zum Zitat DIgnazio, C., Bhargava, R., Zuckerman, E., Beck, L.: Cliff-clavin: determining geographic focus for news. NewsKDD: Data Science for News Publishing, at KDD (2014) DIgnazio, C., Bhargava, R., Zuckerman, E., Beck, L.: Cliff-clavin: determining geographic focus for news. NewsKDD: Data Science for News Publishing, at KDD (2014)
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Duchowski, A.: Eye Tracking Methodology: Theory and Practice, vol. 373. Springer Science & Business Media, London (2007) Duchowski, A.: Eye Tracking Methodology: Theory and Practice, vol. 373. Springer Science & Business Media, London (2007)
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Esposito, V.J., Elting, J.R.: A military history and atlas of the napoleonic wars. Greenhill Books, New York (1999) Esposito, V.J., Elting, J.R.: A military history and atlas of the napoleonic wars. Greenhill Books, New York (1999)
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Gelernter, J., Balaji, S.: An algorithm for local geoparsing of microtext. GeoInformatica 17 (4), 635–667 (2013)CrossRef Gelernter, J., Balaji, S.: An algorithm for local geoparsing of microtext. GeoInformatica 17 (4), 635–667 (2013)CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Hyrskykari, A., Majaranta, P., Räihä, K.-J.: From gaze control to attentive interfaces. In: Proceedings of HCII, vol. 2 (2005) Hyrskykari, A., Majaranta, P., Räihä, K.-J.: From gaze control to attentive interfaces. In: Proceedings of HCII, vol. 2 (2005)
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Isaksen, L., Barker, E., Kansa, E.C., Byrne, K.: Gap: a neogeo approach to classical resources. Leonardo 45 (1), 82–83 (2012)CrossRef Isaksen, L., Barker, E., Kansa, E.C., Byrne, K.: Gap: a neogeo approach to classical resources. Leonardo 45 (1), 82–83 (2012)CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacob, R.J.: What you look at is what you get: eye movement-based interaction techniques. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 11–18. ACM (1990) Jacob, R.J.: What you look at is what you get: eye movement-based interaction techniques. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 11–18. ACM (1990)
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacob, R.J., Karn, K.S.: Eye tracking in human-computer interaction and usability research: ready to deliver the promises. Mind 2 (3), 4 (2003) Jacob, R.J., Karn, K.S.: Eye tracking in human-computer interaction and usability research: ready to deliver the promises. Mind 2 (3), 4 (2003)
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Kern, D., Marshall, P., Schmidt, A.: Gazemarks: gaze-based visual placeholders to ease attention switching. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 2093–2102. ACM (2010) Kern, D., Marshall, P., Schmidt, A.: Gazemarks: gaze-based visual placeholders to ease attention switching. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 2093–2102. ACM (2010)
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Kulhavy, R.W., Stock, W.A., Verdi, M.P., Rittschof, K.A., Savenye, W.: Why maps improve memory for text: the influence of structural information on working memory operations. Eur. J. Cogn. Psychol. 5 (4), 375–392 (1993)CrossRef Kulhavy, R.W., Stock, W.A., Verdi, M.P., Rittschof, K.A., Savenye, W.: Why maps improve memory for text: the influence of structural information on working memory operations. Eur. J. Cogn. Psychol. 5 (4), 375–392 (1993)CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Leidner, J.L., Lieberman, M.D.: Detecting geographical references in the form of place names and associated spatial natural language. SIGSPATIAL Spec. 3 (2), 5–11 (2011)CrossRef Leidner, J.L., Lieberman, M.D.: Detecting geographical references in the form of place names and associated spatial natural language. SIGSPATIAL Spec. 3 (2), 5–11 (2011)CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Machado, J., Pedrosa, G., Freire, N., Martins, B., Manguinhas, H.: User interface for a geo-temporal search service using DIGMAP components. In: Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, pp. 483–486. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg (2009) Machado, J., Pedrosa, G., Freire, N., Martins, B., Manguinhas, H.: User interface for a geo-temporal search service using DIGMAP components. In: Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, pp. 483–486. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg (2009)
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Maglio, P.P., Campbell, C.S.: Attentive agents. Commun. ACM 46 (3), 47–51 (2003)CrossRef Maglio, P.P., Campbell, C.S.: Attentive agents. Commun. ACM 46 (3), 47–51 (2003)CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Moncla, L., Gaio, M., Mustiere, S.: Automatic itinerary reconstruction from texts. In: Geographic Information Science, pp. 253–267. Springer, Cham (2014) Moncla, L., Gaio, M., Mustiere, S.: Automatic itinerary reconstruction from texts. In: Geographic Information Science, pp. 253–267. Springer, Cham (2014)
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Ooms, K., Coltekin, A., De Maeyer, P., Dupont, L., Fabrikant, S., Incoul, A., Kuhn, M., Slabbinck, H., Vansteenkiste, P., Van der Haegen, L.: Combining user logging with eye tracking for interactive and dynamic applications. Behav. Res. Methods 47 (4), 977–993 (2015) Ooms, K., Coltekin, A., De Maeyer, P., Dupont, L., Fabrikant, S., Incoul, A., Kuhn, M., Slabbinck, H., Vansteenkiste, P., Van der Haegen, L.: Combining user logging with eye tracking for interactive and dynamic applications. Behav. Res. Methods 47 (4), 977–993 (2015)
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Pouliquen, B., Kimler, M., Steinberger, R., Ignat, C., Oellinger, T., Blackler, K., Fuart, F., Zaghouani, W., Widiger, A., Forslund, A.-C., et al.: Geocoding multilingual texts: recognition, disambiguation and visualisation. arXiv preprint cs/0609065 (2006) Pouliquen, B., Kimler, M., Steinberger, R., Ignat, C., Oellinger, T., Blackler, K., Fuart, F., Zaghouani, W., Widiger, A., Forslund, A.-C., et al.: Geocoding multilingual texts: recognition, disambiguation and visualisation. arXiv preprint cs/0609065 (2006)
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Räihä, K.-J., Aula, A., Majaranta, P., Rantala, H., Koivunen, K.: Static visualization of temporal eye-tracking data. In: Human-Computer Interaction-INTERACT 2005, pp. 946–949. Springer, Berlin/New York (2005) Räihä, K.-J., Aula, A., Majaranta, P., Rantala, H., Koivunen, K.: Static visualization of temporal eye-tracking data. In: Human-Computer Interaction-INTERACT 2005, pp. 946–949. Springer, Berlin/New York (2005)
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Rayner, K.: Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychol. Bull. 124 (3), 372 (1998) Rayner, K.: Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychol. Bull. 124 (3), 372 (1998)
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Rupp, C., Rayson, P., Baron, A., Donaldson, C., Gregory, I., Hardie, A., Murrieta-Flores, P.: Customising geoparsing and georeferencing for historical texts. In: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, pp. 59–62. IEEE (2013) Rupp, C., Rayson, P., Baron, A., Donaldson, C., Gregory, I., Hardie, A., Murrieta-Flores, P.: Customising geoparsing and georeferencing for historical texts. In: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, pp. 59–62. IEEE (2013)
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwartz, N.H., Kulhavy, R.W.: Map features and the recall of discourse. Contemp. Educ. Psychol. 6 (2), 151–158 (1981)CrossRef Schwartz, N.H., Kulhavy, R.W.: Map features and the recall of discourse. Contemp. Educ. Psychol. 6 (2), 151–158 (1981)CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Sibert, J.L., Gokturk, M., Lavine, R.A.: The reading assistant: eye gaze triggered auditory prompting for reading remediation. In: Proceedings of the 13th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pp. 101–107. ACM (2000) Sibert, J.L., Gokturk, M., Lavine, R.A.: The reading assistant: eye gaze triggered auditory prompting for reading remediation. In: Proceedings of the 13th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pp. 101–107. ACM (2000)
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanriverdi, V., Jacob, R.J.: Interacting with eye movements in virtual environments. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 265–272. ACM (2000) Tanriverdi, V., Jacob, R.J.: Interacting with eye movements in virtual environments. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 265–272. ACM (2000)
Metadaten
Titel
GazeGIS: A Gaze-Based Reading and Dynamic Geographic Information System
verfasst von
Laura G. Tateosian
Michelle Glatz
Makiko Shukunobe
Pankaj Chopra
Copyright-Jahr
2017
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47024-5_8