nach oben

Journal of Happiness Studies

Erschienen in:

13.07.2018 | Research Paper

Gender Differences and Similarities in Autobiographical Memory for Eudaimonic Happy Events

verfasst von: Igor Sotgiu

Erschienen in: Journal of Happiness Studies | Ausgabe 5/2019

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

This study investigates the gender differences and similarities in autobiographical memory for eudaimonic happy events. One hundred and eighty-six adults were asked to write personal narratives of meaningful life experiences that enabled them to develop their best potentials. They also completed questionnaires assessing the memory features of reported experiences, the centrality of such experiences for the individual’s identity, and the participants’ well-being. The analysis of narratives revealed that, overall, male and female participants reported eudaimonic experiences which were quite similar in content. Multivariate analyses were also conducted to assess the impact of gender on narrative and questionnaire measures of memory characteristics. Results showed that gender did not have a significant effect on any of the assessed memory characteristics; that is, there were substantial similarities in how male and female participants narrated and assessed their recollections. Findings are interpreted taking into account the current psychology literature on gender differences and similarities.

Vorheriger Artikel My Time, Your Time, or Our Time? Time Perception and Its Associations with Interpersonal Goals and Life Outcomes

Nächster Artikel Personal Aspirations, Person-Environment Fit, Meaning in Work, and Meaning in Life: A Moderated Mediation Model

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

Banks, M. V., & Salmon, K. (2013). Reasoning about the self in positive and negative ways: Relationship to psychological functioning in young adulthood. Memory, 21, 10–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2012.707213.CrossRef

Bauer, J. J., McAdams, D. P., & Pals, J. L. (2008). Narrative identity and eudaimonic well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 81–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9021-6.CrossRef

Berntsen, D. (2001). Involuntary memories of emotional events: Do memories of trauma and extremely happy events differ? Applied Cognitive Psychology, 15, 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.838.CrossRef

Berntsen, D., & Rubin, D. C. (2002). Emotionally charged memories across the life span: The recall of happy, sad, traumatic, and involuntary memories. Psychology and Aging, 17, 636–652. https://doi.org/10.1037//0882-7974.17.4.636.CrossRef

Berntsen, D., & Rubin, D. C. (2006). The Centrality of Event Scale: A measure of integrating a trauma into one’s identity and its relation to post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 219–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.01.009.CrossRef

Berntsen, D., Rubin, D. C., & Siegler, I. C. (2011). Two versions of life: Emotionally negative and positive life events have different roles in the organization of life story and identity. Emotion, 11, 1190–1201. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024940.CrossRef

Boals, A. (2010). Events that have become central to identity: Gender differences in the centrality of events scale for positive and negative events. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 24, 107–121. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1548.CrossRef

Butler, L. D., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1994). Gender differences in responses to depressed mood in a college sample. Sex Roles, 30, 331–346.CrossRef

Chalabaev, A., Sarrazin, P., Fontayne, P., Boiché, J., & Clément-Guillotin, C. (2013). The influence of sex stereotypes and gender roles on participation and performance in sport and exercise: Review and future directions. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14, 136–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.10.005.CrossRef

Cowan, N., & Davidson, G. (1984). Salient childhood memories. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 145, 101–107.CrossRef

Davis, P. J. (1999). Gender differences in autobiographical memory for childhood emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 498–510.CrossRef

Diamond, L. M. (2012). The desire disorder in research on sexual orientation in women: Contributions of dynamical systems theory. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41, 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-012-9909-7.CrossRef

Eagly, A. H. (1987). Sex differences in social behavior: A social-role interpretation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Ely, R., & Ryan, E. (2008). Remembering talk: Individual and gender differences in reported speech. Memory, 16, 395–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210801949869.CrossRef

Erdoğan, A., Baran, B., Avlar, B., Cağlar Taş, A., & Tekcan, A. I. (2008). On the persistence of positive events in life scripts. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 22, 95–111. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1363.CrossRef

European Institute for Gender Equality. (2015). Gender equality index. Measuring gender equality in the European Union 2005–2012. Retrieved May 25, 2017, from https://doi.org/10.2839/763764. http://eige.europa.eu/rdc/eige-publications/gender-equality-index-2015-measuring-gender-equality-european-union-2005-2012-report.

Fivush, R., Habermas, T., Waters, T. E. A., & Zaman, W. (2011). The making of autobiographical memory: Intersections of culture, narratives and identity. International Journal of Psychology, 46, 321–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2011.596541.CrossRef

Galati, D., & Sotgiu, I. (2004). Happiness and positive emotions. Ricerche di Psicologia, Special Issue on Positive Psychology, 27, 41–62.

Gentzler, A. L., Kerns, K. A., & Keener, E. (2010). Emotional reactions and regulatory response to negative and positive events: Associations with attachment and gender. Motivation and Emotion, 34, 78–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-009-9149-x.CrossRef

Grant, K. E., Lyons, A. L., Finkelstein, J. A. S., Conway, K. M., Reynolds, L. K., O’Koon, J. H., & Waitkoff, G. R. et al. (2004). Gender differences in rates of depressive symptoms among low-income, urban, African American youth: A test of two mediational hypotheses. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33, 523–533.CrossRef

Grysman, A., & Hudson, J. A. (2013). Gender differences in autobiographical memory: Developmental and methodological considerations. Developmental Review, 33, 239–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2013.07.004.CrossRef

Grysman, A., Merrill, N., & Fivush, R. (2017). Emotion, gender, and gender typical identity in autobiographical memory. Memory, 25, 289–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2016.1168847.CrossRef

Huta, V., & Waterman, A. S. (2014). Eudaimonia and its distinction from hedonia: Developing a classification and terminology for understanding conceptual and operational definitions. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15, 1425–1456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9485-0.CrossRef

Hyde, J. S. (2005). The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60, 581–592. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.6.581.CrossRef

Hyde, J. S. (2014). Gender similarities and differences. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 373–398. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115057.CrossRef

Kahneman, D., Krueger, A. B., Schkade, D. A., Schwarz, N., & Stone, A. A. (2004). A survey method for characterizing daily life experience: The day reconstruction method. Science, 306, 1776–1780. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1103572.CrossRef

Kim, S., & Bryant, F. B. (2017). The influence of gender and cultural values on savoring in Korean undergraduates. International Journal of Wellbeing, 7, 43–63. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v7i2.598.

Klausen, S. H. (2016). Happiness, dispositions, and the self. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17, 995–1013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9628-6.CrossRef

Lauriola, M., Zelli, A., Calcaterra, C., Cherubini, D., & Spinelli, D. (2004). Sport gender stereotypes in Italy. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 35, 189–206.

Lewis, G. J., Kanai, R., Rees, G., & Bates, T. C. (2014). Neural correlates of the ‘good life’: Eudaimonic well-being is associated with insular cortex volume. Social and Cognitive Affective Neuroscience, 9, 615–618. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nst032.CrossRef

Maki, Y., Kawasaki, Y., Demiray, B., & Janssen, S. M. J. (2015). Autobiographical memory functions in young Japanese men and women. Memory, 23, 11–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2014.930153.CrossRef

McAdams, D. P. (2006). The redemptive self: Stories Americans live by. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.CrossRef

McAdams, D. P., Hoffman, B. J., Mansfield, E. D., & Day, R. (1996). Themes of agency and communion in significant autobiographical scenes. Journal of Personality, 64, 339–377.CrossRef

Merrill, N., Waters, T. E. A., & Fivush, R. (2016). Connecting the self to traumatic and positive events: Links to identity and well-being. Memory, 10, 1321–1328. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2015.1104358.CrossRef

Nelson, K., & Fivush, R. (2004). The emergence of autobiographical memory: A social cultural developmental theory. Psychological Review, 111, 486–511. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.111.2.486.CrossRef

Newby, J. M., & Moulds, M. L. (2011). Intrusive memories of negative events in depression: Is the centrality of the event important? Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42, 277–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.12.011.CrossRef

Niedenthal, P. M., Krauth-Gruber, S., & Ric, F. (2006). Psychology of emotion: Interpersonal, experiential, and cognitive approaches. New York, NY: Psychology Press.

Niedźwieńska, A. (2003). Gender differences in vivid memories. Sex Roles, 49, 321–331.CrossRef

Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Parker, L. E., & Larson, J. (1994). Ruminative coping with depressed mood following loss. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 92–104.CrossRef

Peace, K. A., & Porter, S. (2004). A longitudinal investigation of the reliability of memories for trauma and other emotional experiences. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 18, 1143–1159. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1046.CrossRef

Reese, E., Haden, C. A., Baker-Ward, L., Bauer, P., Fivush, R., & Ornstein, P. A. (2011). Coherence of personal narratives across the lifespan: A multidimensional model and coding method. Journal of Cognition and Development, 12, 424–462. https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2011.587854.CrossRef

Ros, L., & Latorre, J. M. (2010). Gender and age differences in the recall of affective autobiographical memories using the autobiographical memory test. Personality and Individual Differences, 49, 950–954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.08.002.CrossRef

Ros, L., Ricarte, J. J., Serrano, J. P., Nieto, M., Aguilar, M. J., & Latorre, J. M. (2014). Overgeneral autobiographical memories: Gender differences in depression. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 28, 472–480. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3013.CrossRef

Ross, M., & Wang, Q. (2011). Why we remember and what we remember: Culture and autobiographical memory. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 401–409. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691610375555.CrossRef

Rubin, D. C., & Berntsen, D. (2003). Life scripts help to maintain autobiographical memories of highly positive, but not highly negative, events. Memory and Cognition, 31, 1–14.CrossRef

Rubin, D. C., Berntsen, D., & Hutson, M. (2009). The normative and the personal life: Individual differences in life scripts and life story events among USA and Danish undergraduates. Memory, 17, 54–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210802541442.CrossRef

Ryan, R. M., Huta, V., & Deci, E. L. (2008). Living well: A self-determination theory perspective on eudaimonia. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 139–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9023-4.CrossRef

Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069–1081.CrossRef

Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 13–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0.CrossRef

Seidlitz, L., & Diener, E. (1998). Sex differences in the recall of affective experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 262–271.CrossRef

Skowronski, J. J., & Thompson, C. P. (1990). Reconstructing the dates of personal events: Gender differences in accuracy. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 4, 371–381.CrossRef

Sotgiu, I. (2013). Psicologia della felicità e dell’infelicità [Psychology of happiness and unhappiness]. Rome: Carocci.

Sotgiu, I. (2016). How do we remember happy life events? A comparison between eudaimonic and hedonic autobiographical memories. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 150, 685–703. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2016.1162764.CrossRef

Suardi, A., Sotgiu, I., Costa, T., Cauda, F., & Rusconi, M. (2016). The neural correlates of happiness: A review of PET and fMRI studies using autobiographical recall methods. Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience, 16, 383–392. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-016-0414-7.CrossRef

Terracciano, A., McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (2003). Factorial and construct validity of the Italian Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 19, 131–141. https://doi.org/10.1027//1015-5759.19.2.131.CrossRef

Thorne, A. (1995). Developmental truths in memories of childhood and adolescence. Journal of Personality, 63, 139–163.CrossRef

Tversky, A., & Griffin, D. (1991). Endowment and contrast in judgments of well-being. In F. Strack, M. Argyle, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Subjective well-being. An interdisciplinary perspective (pp. 101–118). New York, NY: Pergamon Press.

Wang, Q. (2009). Are Asian forgetful? Perception, retention, and recall in episodic remembering. Cognition, 111, 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2009.01.004.CrossRef

Waterman, A. (1993). Two conceptions of happiness: Contrasts of personal expressiveness (eudaimonia) and hedonic enjoyment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 678–691.CrossRef

Waterman, A. S., Schwartz, S. J., & Conti, R. (2008). The implications of two conceptions of happiness (hedonic enjoyment and eudaimonia) for the understanding of intrinsic motivation. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 41–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9020-7.CrossRef

Waterman, A. S., Schwartz, S. J., Zamboanga, B. L., Ravert, R. D., Williams, M. K., Agocha, V. B., et al. (2010). The Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being: Psychometric properties, demographic comparisons, and evidence of validity. Journal of Positive Psychology, 5, 41–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903435208.CrossRef

Waters, T. E., Bohanek, J. G., Marin, K., & Fivush, R. (2013). Null’s the word: A comparison of memory quality for intensely negative and positive events. Memory, 21, 633–645. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2012.745877.CrossRef

Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1994). The PANAS-X: Manual for the positive and negative affect schedule—Expanded form. Iowa City, IA: The University of Iowa.

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063–1070.CrossRef

Titel: Gender Differences and Similarities in Autobiographical Memory for Eudaimonic Happy Events
verfasst von: Igor Sotgiu
Publikationsdatum: 13.07.2018
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Journal of Happiness Studies / Ausgabe 5/2019
Print ISSN: 1389-4978
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7780
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-0006-z

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2019

The Relationship Between Trait Gratitude and Psychological Wellbeing in University Students: The Mediating Role of Affective State and the Moderating Role of State Gratitude

Bringing Life to Mind: A Qualitative and Quantitative Approach to Identifying the Information Used in Life Satisfaction Judgements

Concurrent and Temporal Relationships Between Humility and Emotional and Psychological Well-Being

Personal Aspirations, Person-Environment Fit, Meaning in Work, and Meaning in Life: A Moderated Mediation Model

Family, Belonging and Meaning in Life Among Semi-rural Kenyans

Trajectories of Affective Balance 1 Year After Traumatic Injury: Associations with Resilience, Social Support, and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury