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2020 | Buch

Introduction. Presenting the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative as a Norm Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Global Norm Compliance

A Study on the Implementation of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative

verfasst von: Dr. Aliya Tskhay

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : Norm Research in International Relations

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This book examines the implementation of, the spread of, and compliance with emerging global norms. Based on empirical country studies on the implementation of transparency norms defined by the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) – a multi-stakeholder process seeking to promote global standards for the transparent and accountable management of oil, gas and mineral resources –, it investigates the various factors and motivations affecting actors with regard to norm compliance. The book demonstrates that compliance with global norms depends on a combination of various factors, including motivations and conditions for introducing norms into the domestic political space; local actors’ level of commitment to the norm; and their capacity for norm compliance. Given its scope, the book will appeal to all international relations scholars interested in processes of norm localisation, compliance, and contestation.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction. Presenting the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative as a Norm
Abstract
This chapter discusses the origins of the transparency in extractive industries norm, what it entails and what the puzzles are in studying it. It reflects on the limitations of the norm literature to capture the intricacies of emerging international norms and the need to develop new models of analysis. It also provides an overview of this book as well as insights on its methodology and case selection.
Aliya Tskhay
Chapter 2. The Theory of Norms: Norm Emergence, Implementation and Diffusion
Abstract
This chapter lays out the theoretical framework to be used in analysing the implementation of the EITI in the four case studies (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Norway). It critically reviews norm literature that has discussed the topics of norm definition, diffusion and (non)-compliance. The chapter also delves into various models that scholars have proposed to explain norm spread and exposes their limitations in relation to new emerging norms.
Aliya Tskhay
Chapter 3. EITI as an Emerging Global Norm
Abstract
This chapter explores the conception and development of the EITI as an organisation and an initiative. It starts with a discussion of the concept of transparency and how this has developed. More specifically, the chapter also investigates the connection between transparency and both the extractive industries and the involved advocacy networks. It then provides necessary background information on the EITI’s requirements, its main stakeholders and what makes the EITI distinct from other international transparency initiatives.
Aliya Tskhay
Chapter 4. Norway: Leading by Example
Abstract
Unlike other case studies in this book, Norway stands out as the only democratic OECD country committed to transparency and accountability, as is well demonstrated by its high rankings in international indices for freedom and democracy. It is exactly these traits that make Norway a fascinating case to compare the other three countries against, in terms of how international voluntary initiatives, like the EITI, are implemented. The case demonstrates the dichotomy between Norway as an international supporter and promoter of transparency in the extractive industries norm, and as a country facing challenges in keeping up and complying with the rules of the EITI. Thus, whereas in the international context, Norway is very much advanced, at the domestic level it still has to go through patterns and processes of norm implementation, just like any other state.
Aliya Tskhay
Chapter 5. EITI Implementation in Kazakhstan: Overcoming Hurdles to Reach Compliance
Abstract
This chapter reviews the EITI’s implementation in Kazakhstan. It follows the challenging path that the country had to go through in order to comply with the initiative. The chapter also unveils the national image-making motivations behind Kazakhstan’s implementation of the EITI, which turned to be a smooth-working mechanism for all stakeholders involved. It demonstrates how Kazakhstan’s government makes use of the EITI process to consolidate information, innovate its data collection and build connections with stakeholders. The chapter concludes by posing questions about the sustainability of this process and highlights the need for more information about Kazakhstan’s EITI implementation.
Aliya Tskhay
Chapter 6. Kyrgyzstan: Capacity Constraints and Failed Compliance
Abstract
This chapter explores the development of the mining industry and the implementation of the EITI in Kyrgyzstan. As one of the first counties to implement the EITI Standard, Kyrgyzstan has made some progress, especially in disclosing information on beneficial ownership. Yet, political regime change, financial hardships and a lack of coordination among the stakeholders in the process have resulted in the country’s temporary suspension from the EITI. Kyrgyzstan’s case shows that norm implementation can not only be a matter of normative commitment, but also be one of capacity or lack thereof.
Aliya Tskhay
Chapter 7. EITI Implementation in Azerbaijan: The Role of Internal Factors in the Norm’s Internalisation
Abstract
Once a champion and a pioneer of the EITI, Azerbaijan eventually left the initiative after being suspended. This case demonstrates clearly two important aspects in norm research: (1) internal political factors and lack of internalisation of the norm; and (2) norm contestation occurring in relation to definition and compliance. Both of these aspects, plus the politicisation of the EITI process in the country, brought increased pressure from the EITI Board. The publication of reports on revenues from extractive industries even after leaving the EITI is a form of norm localisation.
Aliya Tskhay
Chapter 8. Elements of Norm Implementation
Abstract
This chapter summarises the main findings from the analysis of the EITI’s implementation in Norway, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Azerbaijan. It also discusses the model of norm implementation that has been used in this book and focuses on the three stages of norm implementation and what these entail, as well as presenting the importance of the critical juncture concept to explain the timing of norm commitment.
Aliya Tskhay
Chapter 9. Conclusion
Abstract
Reviewing the implementation of the EITI in Norway, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Azerbaijan demonstrated three main issues related to norm compliance. First, norm commitment happens after the critical juncture events. Norm scholars often underestimate motivations and factors of states for norm commitment, but, in fact, they bear an important insight into why states commit to a particular norm. Second, domestic structures, such as state capacity, state-society relations, reputational concerns and so on, also have an effect on norm compliance. Third, each of the four cases demonstrated the different paths of norm implementation and compliance presenting possibilities for further research.
Aliya Tskhay
Metadaten
Titel
Global Norm Compliance
verfasst von
Dr. Aliya Tskhay
Copyright-Jahr
2020
Electronic ISBN
978-3-030-41452-8
Print ISBN
978-3-030-41451-1
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41452-8

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